Library Management Questions and Answers

Q: Assertion (A) : Product constitutes heart of marketing.Reason (R) : Marketing myopia is need of the day.Codes :

The answer is (A) is true but (R) is false.The product (in libraries, the service) is at the heart of marketing: price, place and promotion all depend on having something users need.Marketing myopia, Theodore Levitt's term (1960), is the error of focusing narrowly on the product instead of on customers' needs. It is a fault to avoid, not a 'need of the day', so the reason is false.

Q: Who is the father of Scientific Management ?

The father of scientific management is Frederick W. Taylor (1856-1915).Taylor, an American engineer, used time and motion studies to find the one best way to do each task, and set out his approach in The Principles of Scientific Management (1911).Henri Fayol is the father of modern (administrative) management theory and its fourteen principles. Chester Barnard wrote The Functions of the Executive and saw the organisation as a social system. Robert Owen was an early factory reformer known for his concern with workers' welfare, before any of them.

Q: 'Fusion-Process theory' in relation to motivation is proposed by ............. .

The fusion process theory was proposed by Bakke and Argyris.E. Wight Bakke and Chris Argyris described how an organisation tries to shape the individual to serve its goals while the individual tries to use the organisation for personal goals. The two processes fuse, and motivation and integration come from that fusion.Herzberg proposed the two-factor (motivation-hygiene) theory, Maslow the hierarchy of needs, and Douglas McGregor Theory X and Theory Y, so none of them is the author of the fusion process theory.

Q: Internal causes of deterioration of library materials are ................ .

The internal cause among the options is Leather.Internal (inherent) causes of deterioration lie in the materials a document is made of: acidic paper, unstable inks and adhesives, and leather bindings that decay into red rot. Leather is such a material, so its own chemistry makes the item deteriorate.Dust, biological agents (insects, fungi, rodents) and natural calamities such as floods and fire all act on the material from outside, so they are external causes.

Q: The main type of external changes in library include ............. .(i) Technological change(ii) User complaints(iii) Govt. policies(iv) Library policy

The answer is (i) and (iii) are correct: technological change and government policies.External changes come from the library's environment and are beyond its own control. New technology and changes in government policy, law and funding force a library to change how it works.User complaints and the library's own policy arise within the library and its service relationship, so they are internal matters it can address itself. Every option containing (ii) or (iv) is wrong.

Q: Match the following :List IList II(a) F. W. Taylor(i) POSDCORB(b) Henry Fayol(ii) Social systems approach(c) Bernard(iii) Espirit De Corps(d) Luther Gulick and L. Urwick(iv) Scientific approach to management

The correct match is a-iv, b-iii, c-ii, d-i.F. W. Taylor founded the scientific approach to management (a-iv). Henri Fayol listed esprit de corps, team spirit, among his fourteen principles (b-iii). Chester Barnard treated the organisation as a co-operative social system (c-ii). Luther Gulick and Lyndall Urwick coined POSDCORB: planning, organising, staffing, directing, co-ordinating, reporting and budgeting (d-i).Option A pairs Taylor with POSDCORB and Gulick with scientific management, and B and C misplace Fayol, so only D matches all four.

Q: Arrange in logical order the phases of product life cycle :(i) Advertising product phase(ii) Growth phase(iii) Decline phase(iv) Maturity phase

The order is (i) (ii) (iv) (iii).A product passes through four stages. In the introduction stage, which the paper calls the advertising product phase, it is launched and promoted. In growth sales rise quickly. At maturity sales level off as the market is saturated. In decline sales fall and the product is withdrawn or renewed.Option A puts decline before maturity, B reverses the whole cycle, and D starts with growth and ends with the launch, so only C is in sequence.

Q: Assertion (A) : Libraries must change to survive.Reason (R) : 'Library is growing organism' is related with change.

Both (A) and (R) are true.Libraries that do not adapt to new formats, technologies and user needs lose their users, so they must change to survive. Ranganathan's fifth law of library science, the library is a growing organism, makes the same point: a library keeps growing and changing in its collection, staff, readers and methods, as a living organism does.Since both statements hold, the options calling either one false are wrong.

Q: Fundamental principles that Taylor saw underlying the scientific approach to management are :(i) Working for maximum output, rather than restricted output(ii) Subordination of individual interest to general interest(iii) Division and labour(iv) Unity of command

The answer is (i) and (ii) are correct.Taylor's principles are usually listed as science, not rule of thumb; harmony, not discord; co-operation, not individualism; maximum output in place of restricted output; and development of each worker to the greatest efficiency. Statement (i) is one of them word for word, and the key reads (ii) as his 'co-operation, not individualism', the individual's interest giving way to the common one (the exact phrase is one of Fayol's fourteen principles).Unity of command (iv) is Fayol's principle and contradicts Taylor's functional foremanship, where one worker takes orders from several specialist foremen, so options with (iv) are wrong; option B wrongly calls (i) wrong.

51.

Assertion (A) : Product constitutes heart of marketing.
Reason (R) : Marketing myopia is need of the day.

Codes :

A.(A) is false but (R) is true
B.(A) is true but (R) is false
C.Both (A) and (R) are true
D.Both (A) and (R) are false

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: B

The answer is (A) is true but (R) is false.

The product (in libraries, the service) is at the heart of marketing: price, place and promotion all depend on having something users need.

Marketing myopia, Theodore Levitt's term (1960), is the error of focusing narrowly on the product instead of on customers' needs. It is a fault to avoid, not a 'need of the day', so the reason is false.

Discuss in Forum

52.

Who is the father of Scientific Management ?

A.Frederick W. Taylor (1856-1915)
B.Henry Fayol (1841-1925)
C.Chester Barnard (1886-1961)
D.Robert Owen (1771-1858)

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: A

The father of scientific management is Frederick W. Taylor (1856-1915).

Taylor, an American engineer, used time and motion studies to find the one best way to do each task, and set out his approach in The Principles of Scientific Management (1911).

Henri Fayol is the father of modern (administrative) management theory and its fourteen principles. Chester Barnard wrote The Functions of the Executive and saw the organisation as a social system. Robert Owen was an early factory reformer known for his concern with workers' welfare, before any of them.

Discuss in Forum

53.

'Fusion-Process theory' in relation to motivation is proposed by ............. .

A.Herzberg
B.Maslow
C.Bakke and Argyris
D.Douglas McGregor

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: C

The fusion process theory was proposed by Bakke and Argyris.

E. Wight Bakke and Chris Argyris described how an organisation tries to shape the individual to serve its goals while the individual tries to use the organisation for personal goals. The two processes fuse, and motivation and integration come from that fusion.

Herzberg proposed the two-factor (motivation-hygiene) theory, Maslow the hierarchy of needs, and Douglas McGregor Theory X and Theory Y, so none of them is the author of the fusion process theory.

Discuss in Forum

54.

Internal causes of deterioration of library materials are ................ .

A.Leather
B.Dust
C.Biological agents
D.Natural calamities

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: A

The internal cause among the options is Leather.

Internal (inherent) causes of deterioration lie in the materials a document is made of: acidic paper, unstable inks and adhesives, and leather bindings that decay into red rot. Leather is such a material, so its own chemistry makes the item deteriorate.

Dust, biological agents (insects, fungi, rodents) and natural calamities such as floods and fire all act on the material from outside, so they are external causes.

Discuss in Forum

55.

The main type of external changes in library include ............. .

(i) Technological change
(ii) User complaints
(iii) Govt. policies
(iv) Library policy

A.(i) and (iii) are correct
B.(i) and (iv) are correct
C.(ii) and (iv) are correct
D.(ii) and (iii) are correct

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: A

The answer is (i) and (iii) are correct: technological change and government policies.

External changes come from the library's environment and are beyond its own control. New technology and changes in government policy, law and funding force a library to change how it works.

User complaints and the library's own policy arise within the library and its service relationship, so they are internal matters it can address itself. Every option containing (ii) or (iv) is wrong.

Discuss in Forum

56.

Match the following :

List I	List II
(a) F. W. Taylor	(i) POSDCORB
(b) Henry Fayol	(ii) Social systems approach
(c) Bernard	(iii) Espirit De Corps
(d) Luther Gulick and L. Urwick	(iv) Scientific approach to management

A.a-i, b-ii, c-iii, d-iv
B.a-ii, b-i, c-iii, d-iv
C.a-iii, b-i, c-ii, d-iv
D.a-iv, b-iii, c-ii, d-i

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: D

The correct match is a-iv, b-iii, c-ii, d-i.

F. W. Taylor founded the scientific approach to management (a-iv). Henri Fayol listed esprit de corps, team spirit, among his fourteen principles (b-iii). Chester Barnard treated the organisation as a co-operative social system (c-ii). Luther Gulick and Lyndall Urwick coined POSDCORB: planning, organising, staffing, directing, co-ordinating, reporting and budgeting (d-i).

Option A pairs Taylor with POSDCORB and Gulick with scientific management, and B and C misplace Fayol, so only D matches all four.

Discuss in Forum

57.

Arrange in logical order the phases of product life cycle :

(i) Advertising product phase
(ii) Growth phase
(iii) Decline phase
(iv) Maturity phase

A.(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
B.(iv) (iii) (ii) (i)
C.(i) (ii) (iv) (iii)
D.(ii) (iii) (iv) (i)

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: C

The order is (i) (ii) (iv) (iii).

A product passes through four stages. In the introduction stage, which the paper calls the advertising product phase, it is launched and promoted. In growth sales rise quickly. At maturity sales level off as the market is saturated. In decline sales fall and the product is withdrawn or renewed.

Option A puts decline before maturity, B reverses the whole cycle, and D starts with growth and ends with the launch, so only C is in sequence.

Discuss in Forum

58.

Assertion (A) : Libraries must change to survive.
Reason (R) : 'Library is growing organism' is related with change.

A.(A) is true but (R) is false
B.(A) is false but (R) is true
C.Both (A) and (R) are false
D.Both (A) and (R) are true

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: D

Both (A) and (R) are true.

Libraries that do not adapt to new formats, technologies and user needs lose their users, so they must change to survive. Ranganathan's fifth law of library science, the library is a growing organism, makes the same point: a library keeps growing and changing in its collection, staff, readers and methods, as a living organism does.

Since both statements hold, the options calling either one false are wrong.

Discuss in Forum

59.

Fundamental principles that Taylor saw underlying the scientific approach to management are :

(i) Working for maximum output, rather than restricted output
(ii) Subordination of individual interest to general interest
(iii) Division and labour
(iv) Unity of command

A.(i) and (ii) are correct
B.(i) is wrong but (iii) is correct
C.(iii) and (iv) are correct
D.(i) and (iv) are correct

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: A

The answer is (i) and (ii) are correct.

Taylor's principles are usually listed as science, not rule of thumb; harmony, not discord; co-operation, not individualism; maximum output in place of restricted output; and development of each worker to the greatest efficiency. Statement (i) is one of them word for word, and the key reads (ii) as his 'co-operation, not individualism', the individual's interest giving way to the common one (the exact phrase is one of Fayol's fourteen principles).

Unity of command (iv) is Fayol's principle and contradicts Taylor's functional foremanship, where one worker takes orders from several specialist foremen, so options with (iv) are wrong; option B wrongly calls (i) wrong.

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