Networking Basics Questions and Answers

Q: Which protocol does DHCP use at the Transport layer?

Correct answer: UDPDHCP runs over UDP, on port 67 for the server and 68 for the client. It must, because the client has no IP address when it begins: the initial DHCPDISCOVER is a broadcast from 0.0.0.0, and TCP cannot establish a connection without addresses at both ends. IP is a network layer protocol rather than a transport one, and ARP is a layer 2 resolution protocol.

Q: In which transmission mode can data travel in both directions, but only one direction at a time ?

Correct answer: Half-duplexHalf-duplex allows each end to transmit in turn but never simultaneously, as with a walkie-talkie. Simplex permits one direction only, and full-duplex allows both ends to send at once, as an ordinary telephone call does.

Q: A set of rules that governs data communication:

Correct answer: ProtocolsA protocol is the agreed set of rules governing a data exchange, covering syntax, semantics and timing. Standards are the documents that record such agreements formally and give them authority, and RFCs are the particular series in which the IETF publishes them. The rules themselves are the protocol; the standard and the RFC are how the rules are written down and disseminated.

Q: Which network topology connects every device to a single central hub or switch ?

Correct answer: StarIn a star topology each node has its own link to a central device, so a single cable failure isolates only one node. The weakness is the centre itself, whose failure brings down the whole network.

Q: In the layer hierarchy as the data packet moves from the upper to the lower layers, headers are:

Correct answer: AddedEach layer, as the data passes down the stack, prepends its own header containing the information its peer at the far end needs - the transport layer adds ports and sequence numbers, the network layer addresses, the data link layer MAC addresses and a trailing checksum. This is encapsulation. At the receiver the process runs in reverse: each layer strips its own header and passes the remainder up, which is decapsulation.

Q: Which transmission media has the highest transmission speed in a network?

Correct answer: optical fiberOptical fibre carries data as light through a glass core and offers by far the greatest bandwidth of the guided media, with speeds in the gigabits and terabits per second and very low attenuation over long distances. It is also immune to electromagnetic interference and hard to tap. Twisted pair and coaxial cable both carry electrical signals and are limited by attenuation and interference well below what fibre achieves.

101.

Which of the following networks extends a private network across public networks?

A.local area network
B.virtual private network
C.enterprise private network
D.storage area network

Answer: B

Explanation: A virtual private network extends a private network across a public network, and enables users to send and receive data across shared or public networks as if their computing devices were directly connected to the private network.VPN provides enhanced security and online anonymity to users on the internet. It is also used to unblock websites which are unavailable in certain regions.

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102.

Which protocol does DHCP use at the Transport layer?

A.IP
B.TCP
C.UDP
D.ARP

Answer: C

Correct answer: UDP

DHCP runs over UDP, on port 67 for the server and 68 for the client. It must, because the client has no IP address when it begins: the initial DHCPDISCOVER is a broadcast from 0.0.0.0, and TCP cannot establish a connection without addresses at both ends. IP is a network layer protocol rather than a transport one, and ARP is a layer 2 resolution protocol.

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103.

In which transmission mode can data travel in both directions, but only one direction at a time ?

A.Simplex
B.Half-duplex
C.Full-duplex
D.Multiplex

Answer: D

Correct answer: Half-duplex

Half-duplex allows each end to transmit in turn but never simultaneously, as with a walkie-talkie. Simplex permits one direction only, and full-duplex allows both ends to send at once, as an ordinary telephone call does.

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104.

A _________ set of rules that governs data communication.

A.Protocols
B.Standards
C.RFCs
D.Servers

Answer: A

Explanation: In communications, a protocol refers to a set of rules and regulations that allow a network of nodes to transmit and receive information. Each layer in the network model has a protocol set, for example, the transport layer has TCP and UDP protocols.

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105.

Communication between a computer and a keyboard involves ______________ transmission.

A.Automatic
B.Half-duplex
C.Full-duplex
D.Simplex

Answer: D

Explanation: In simplex transmission, data flows in single direction which in this case refers to the data flowing from the keyboard to the computer. Another example would be of the mouse where the data flows from the mouse to the computer only.

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106.

A set of rules that governs data communication:

A.Protocols
B.Standards
C.RFCs
D.None of the mentioned

Answer: A

Correct answer: Protocols

A protocol is the agreed set of rules governing a data exchange, covering syntax, semantics and timing. Standards are the documents that record such agreements formally and give them authority, and RFCs are the particular series in which the IETF publishes them. The rules themselves are the protocol; the standard and the RFC are how the rules are written down and disseminated.

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107.

Which network topology connects every device to a single central hub or switch ?

A.Bus
B.Ring
C.Star
D.Mesh

Answer: D

Correct answer: Star

In a star topology each node has its own link to a central device, so a single cable failure isolates only one node. The weakness is the centre itself, whose failure brings down the whole network.

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108.

In the layer hierarchy as the data packet moves from the upper to the lower layers, headers are:

A.Added
B.Removed
C. Rearranged
D.Modified

Answer: A

Correct answer: Added

Each layer, as the data passes down the stack, prepends its own header containing the information its peer at the far end needs - the transport layer adds ports and sequence numbers, the network layer addresses, the data link layer MAC addresses and a trailing checksum. This is encapsulation. At the receiver the process runs in reverse: each layer strips its own header and passes the remainder up, which is decapsulation.

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109.

What does the passive command provide to dynamic routing protocols?

A.Stops an interface from sending or receiving periodic dynamic updates.
B.Stops an interface from sending periodic dynamic updates but not from receiving updates.
C.Stops the router from receiving any dynamic updates.
D.Stops the router from sending any dynamic updates.

Answer: B

Correct answer: Stops an interface from sending periodic dynamic updates but not from receiving updates.

The passive-interface command suppresses outgoing routing advertisements on that interface while leaving the router willing to receive them, and the network remains advertised to the rest of the topology. It is used on interfaces facing hosts or stub segments, where advertising routes wastes bandwidth and exposes the routing domain unnecessarily. Note that in EIGRP and OSPF the effect is stronger, since suppressing hellos prevents adjacencies forming at all.

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110.

Which transmission media has the highest transmission speed in a network?

A.coaxial cable
B. twisted pair cable
C.optical fiber
D.electrical cable

Answer: C

Correct answer: optical fiber

Optical fibre carries data as light through a glass core and offers by far the greatest bandwidth of the guided media, with speeds in the gigabits and terabits per second and very low attenuation over long distances. It is also immune to electromagnetic interference and hard to tap. Twisted pair and coaxial cable both carry electrical signals and are limited by attenuation and interference well below what fibre achieves.

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