Psychological Testing Questions and Answers

Q: The validity scales on the MMPI and MMPI II are represented by the following alphabets :

The MMPI validity scales are L, F, K.The three traditional validity scales are L (Lie), which catches unlikely claims of virtue; F (Infrequency), which catches rare or random responding and faking bad; and K (Correction), which picks up subtle defensiveness and is used to correct several clinical scales. The MMPI-2 kept them and added others such as VRIN, TRIN and F(b).T, F, C; M, P, R; and Y, N, C are not MMPI validity scales. The '?' (Cannot Say) count of unanswered items is the other long-standing validity indicator.

Q: A blank card is used in :

A blank card is used in the TAT.Murray's Thematic Apperception Test includes card 16, which is completely blank. The person imagines a picture on it and tells a story, giving the most unstructured stimulus in the set.The CAT uses pictures of animals, the Rorschach uses ten inkblot cards, and the Bender-Gestalt Test uses nine geometric designs to be copied. None of them has a blank card.

Q: The validity of a psychological test reflects that :

Validity means that the test measures what it purports to measure.A valid test supports the interpretations made from its scores: an anxiety scale measures anxiety, not mood in general. Validity is established through content, criterion-related and construct evidence.The other three options describe reliability. Similar results on repeated use is test-retest reliability, similar results from different versions is parallel or alternate-forms reliability, and positive inter-item correlation is internal consistency. A test can be reliable without being valid.

Q: On the WAIS, the ability to deal with abstract social conventions, rules and expressions is assessed through which test ?

This is the Comprehension subtest.Comprehension asks questions such as why certain social rules exist or what to do in a practical situation, and includes the meaning of proverbs. It taps knowledge of social conventions, practical judgement and the ability to explain abstract social rules and expressions.Information measures general factual knowledge. Similarities asks how two things are alike, testing verbal concept formation rather than social conventions. Picture Completion asks for the missing part of a picture, a test of visual alertness.

Q: An instrument in which the individual's score is compared with scores of other individuals is called :

This is a norm-referenced instrument.A norm-referenced test interprets a person's score by comparing it with the scores of a reference group, the norm sample, so results are expressed as percentiles, standard scores or IQs. Most standardized intelligence and aptitude tests work this way.A criterion-referenced test compares performance with a fixed standard of mastery, not with other people. An ipsative instrument compares a person's scores on different scales with each other, within the same person. Projective describes the kind of stimulus used, such as inkblots, not the basis of comparison.

Q: Which of the following is non-pictorial projective procedures ?(1) Word association test(2) Sentence completion test(3) Figure drawing test(4) Thematic apperception test

The non-pictorial projective procedures are (1) and (2).The word association test presents words and the sentence completion test presents incomplete sentences, so both use verbal stimuli rather than pictures.The Thematic Apperception Test presents pictures about which the person tells stories, so it is pictorial. Figure drawing tests (such as Draw-a-Person or House-Tree-Person) require the person to produce a picture, so they are classed as expressive or pictorial techniques, not non-pictorial ones. Options including (3) or (4) are wrong.

Q: What is the relation between coefficient alpha and coefficient of precision when a composite test is made up of non-parallel subtests ?

The relation is coefficient alpha ≤ coefficient of precision.Coefficient alpha equals the true reliability (precision) of a composite only when its parts are parallel or at least essentially tau-equivalent. When the subtests are not parallel, alpha underestimates reliability; it is a lower bound to the coefficient of precision.So alpha can equal the precision only in the special parallel case and is otherwise smaller; it is never larger, which rules out the greater-than-or-equal option, and 'equal' and 'approximately equal' hold only for parallel parts.

101.

The validity scales on the MMPI and MMPI II are represented by the following alphabets :

A.T, F, C
B.L, F, K
C.M, P, R
D.Y, N, C

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: B

The MMPI validity scales are L, F, K.

The three traditional validity scales are L (Lie), which catches unlikely claims of virtue; F (Infrequency), which catches rare or random responding and faking bad; and K (Correction), which picks up subtle defensiveness and is used to correct several clinical scales. The MMPI-2 kept them and added others such as VRIN, TRIN and F(b).

T, F, C; M, P, R; and Y, N, C are not MMPI validity scales. The '?' (Cannot Say) count of unanswered items is the other long-standing validity indicator.

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102.

A blank card is used in :

A.CAT
B.Rorschach
C.TAT
D.BGT

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: C

A blank card is used in the TAT.

Murray's Thematic Apperception Test includes card 16, which is completely blank. The person imagines a picture on it and tells a story, giving the most unstructured stimulus in the set.

The CAT uses pictures of animals, the Rorschach uses ten inkblot cards, and the Bender-Gestalt Test uses nine geometric designs to be copied. None of them has a blank card.

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103.

High positive correlation between self-report and observer report on personality questionnaire indicates :

A.High reliability of self-report measure
B.High reliability of other report measure
C.Normative use of other report measure
D.Validity of self-report measure

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: D

A high correlation between self-report and observer report indicates the validity of the self-report measure.

When two different methods, the person's own report and the ratings of someone who knows them, agree closely on the same trait, that agreement is evidence of convergent validity: the self-report is measuring the trait it claims to measure, not merely the person's self-image.

Reliability is consistency of the same measure across time, forms or items, so a correlation between two different sources is not evidence of either measure's reliability as such. 'Normative use' of observer reports is unrelated to the correlation.

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104.

The validity of a psychological test reflects that :

A.on repeated use it yields similar results
B.Multiple versions of the test yield similar results
C.Inter-correlations between items are positive
D.The test measures what it purports to measure

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: D

Validity means that the test measures what it purports to measure.

A valid test supports the interpretations made from its scores: an anxiety scale measures anxiety, not mood in general. Validity is established through content, criterion-related and construct evidence.

The other three options describe reliability. Similar results on repeated use is test-retest reliability, similar results from different versions is parallel or alternate-forms reliability, and positive inter-item correlation is internal consistency. A test can be reliable without being valid.

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105.

On the WAIS, the ability to deal with abstract social conventions, rules and expressions is assessed through which test ?

A.Information
B.Similarities
C.Picture completion
D.Comprehension

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: D

This is the Comprehension subtest.

Comprehension asks questions such as why certain social rules exist or what to do in a practical situation, and includes the meaning of proverbs. It taps knowledge of social conventions, practical judgement and the ability to explain abstract social rules and expressions.

Information measures general factual knowledge. Similarities asks how two things are alike, testing verbal concept formation rather than social conventions. Picture Completion asks for the missing part of a picture, a test of visual alertness.

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106.

An instrument in which the individual's score is compared with scores of other individuals is called :

A.Ipsative instrument
B.Projective instrument
C.Norm Referenced instrument
D.Criterion Referenced instrument

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: C

This is a norm-referenced instrument.

A norm-referenced test interprets a person's score by comparing it with the scores of a reference group, the norm sample, so results are expressed as percentiles, standard scores or IQs. Most standardized intelligence and aptitude tests work this way.

A criterion-referenced test compares performance with a fixed standard of mastery, not with other people. An ipsative instrument compares a person's scores on different scales with each other, within the same person. Projective describes the kind of stimulus used, such as inkblots, not the basis of comparison.

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107.

Which of the following is non-pictorial projective procedures ?

(1) Word association test
(2) Sentence completion test
(3) Figure drawing test
(4) Thematic apperception test

A.(1) only
B.(1) and (2) only
C.(1), (2), and (3) only
D.(1), (2), and (4) only

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: B

The non-pictorial projective procedures are (1) and (2).

The word association test presents words and the sentence completion test presents incomplete sentences, so both use verbal stimuli rather than pictures.

The Thematic Apperception Test presents pictures about which the person tells stories, so it is pictorial. Figure drawing tests (such as Draw-a-Person or House-Tree-Person) require the person to produce a picture, so they are classed as expressive or pictorial techniques, not non-pictorial ones. Options including (3) or (4) are wrong.

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108.

Following are the statements of Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer them with the help of the following codes :

Assertion (A) : IRT is commonly used in computerized psychological testing to estimate ability.
Reason (R) : In IRT, four parameters can be estimated.

A.Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
B.Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
C.(A) is true but (R) is false
D.(A) is false but (R) is true

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: B

Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

(A) is true: item response theory (IRT) underlies computerized adaptive testing, where each item is chosen according to the test-taker's estimated ability and the ability estimate is updated after each response.

(R) is also true: IRT models can estimate up to four item parameters (discrimination, difficulty, a lower asymptote for guessing and an upper asymptote) in the four-parameter logistic model. But the number of parameters is not why IRT suits computerized testing; that comes from its estimation of ability on a common scale from any set of items. So (R) does not explain (A).

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109.

For MCMI IV, which of the following is not a severe personality pathology ?

A.Schizotypal
B.Borderline
C.Paranoid
D.Schizoid

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: D

The one that is not a severe personality pathology scale is Schizoid.

The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-IV) separates clinical personality patterns from severe personality pathology. Its severe personality pathology scales are Schizotypal, Borderline and Paranoid.

Schizoid belongs with the clinical personality pattern scales (alongside, for example, Avoidant, Dependent and Histrionic), so it is the odd one out.

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110.

What is the relation between coefficient alpha and coefficient of precision when a composite test is made up of non-parallel subtests ?

A.coefficient alpha = coefficient of precision
B.coefficient alpha ≤ coefficient of precision
C.coefficient alpha ≈ coefficient of precision
D.coefficient alpha ≥ coefficient of precision

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: B

The relation is coefficient alpha ≤ coefficient of precision.

Coefficient alpha equals the true reliability (precision) of a composite only when its parts are parallel or at least essentially tau-equivalent. When the subtests are not parallel, alpha underestimates reliability; it is a lower bound to the coefficient of precision.

So alpha can equal the precision only in the special parallel case and is otherwise smaller; it is never larger, which rules out the greater-than-or-equal option, and 'equal' and 'approximately equal' hold only for parallel parts.

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