Climate Change and Global Warming Questions and Answers

Q: The United Nations Environment Programme and International Energy Agency jointly released a 'Cooling Emissions and Policy Synthesis Report' (CEPSR). Which of the following statements is/are correct about the report ?1. It is based on assessment of development and climate benefits of efficient and climate-friendly cooling.2. It lays out actions that can be taken to deliver efficient and climate-friendly cooling for all.Select the correct answer using the code given below :

Both statements are correct, so the answer is Both 1 and 2.The Cooling Emissions and Policy Synthesis Report, released by UNEP and the International Energy Agency in July 2020, assesses the development and climate benefits of cooling that is both energy-efficient and climate-friendly (1). It then sets out the policy actions that can deliver such cooling for all, for example linking the phase-down of HFC refrigerants under the Kigali Amendment with improvements in the energy efficiency of air conditioners (2).Since the report does both things, 'Only 1', 'Only 2' and 'Neither 1 nor 2' each leave out or deny a correct statement.

Q: Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) released a report titled 'Assessment of Climate Change over the Indian Region'. Which of the following statements are true ?1. It is a first ever attempt to document and assess climate change in different parts of India.2. It highlights the observed and projected changes in various climatic dimensions over the Indian region, their impacts and various policy actions to deal with the regional climate change.3. The Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM) is located at Coimbatore.Select the correct answer using the code given below :

Statements 1 and 2 are correct, so the answer is Only 1 and 2.The Ministry of Earth Sciences' 2020 report Assessment of Climate Change over the Indian Region was described as the first national assessment of its kind, documenting climate change across different parts of India (1). It covers the observed and projected changes in temperature, rainfall, monsoon, droughts, sea level and other dimensions, their impacts, and the policy actions needed to respond (2).Statement 3 is wrong. The Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, whose Centre for Climate Change Research prepared the report, is in Pune, not Coimbatore. So options including 3 fail, and 'Only 2' leaves out a correct statement.

Q: Consider the following greenhouses gases :1. Methane (CH4)2. Carbon dioxide (CO2)3. Nitric oxide (NO)4. Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs)5. Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)6. Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6)Which of these are covered under the Kyoto Protocol ?

The gases covered are 1, 2, 5 and 6.The Kyoto Protocol's Annex A lists six greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulphur hexafluoride. Nitrogen trifluoride was added for the second commitment period.Nitric oxide (NO) is not the Kyoto gas; the listed nitrogen gas is nitrous oxide. Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are ozone-depleting substances controlled under the Montreal Protocol, so they are left out of Kyoto. That rules out options containing 3 or 4.

Q: Consider the following statements about carbon credits :1. It is a generic term used for any tradable certificate or permit representing the right to emit a certain amount of carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gases.2. One carbon credit represents the reduction or removal of one metric ton of carbon dioxide or an equivalent amount of another greenhouse gas.3. The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) under the Kyoto Protocol allows developed countries to earn carbon credits by investing in emission-reduction projects in other developed as well as developing countries.4. There are dedicated markets for trading in carbon credits such as the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS).Which of the above statements are correct ?

Statements 1, 2 and 4 are correct, so the answer is 1, 2, and 4 only.A carbon credit is a tradable permit or certificate for emitting greenhouse gas, and one credit stands for one tonne of carbon dioxide or its equivalent in another gas. Credits are traded in dedicated markets, of which the EU Emissions Trading System is the largest.Statement 3 is wrong. Under the Clean Development Mechanism, developed (Annex I) countries earn credits by financing emission-reduction projects in developing countries only. Projects in other developed countries come under a different Kyoto mechanism, Joint Implementation.

Q: "Signing countries are expected to decrease the manufacture and use of Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) by about 80-85% from their respective baselines by 2045. The rationale is that while HFCs don't have much impact on depletion of ozone layer, they are powerful greenhouse gases and hence contribute significantly to global warming." Which of the following is described in this passage?

The passage describes the Kigali Agreement.The Kigali Amendment (2016) to the Montreal Protocol commits countries to phase down hydrofluorocarbons by roughly 80-85% by the late 2040s. HFCs replaced ozone-depleting CFCs and do not harm the ozone layer, but they are potent greenhouse gases, which is the rationale the passage gives.Agenda 21 is the 1992 Rio action plan on sustainable development, the Bonn Convention protects migratory species, and the Kunming-Montreal framework (2022) sets biodiversity targets; none deals with HFCs.

Q: What is the role of oceans in mitigating climate changes? (Choose the most appropriate option from below)

Oceans mitigate climate change because they act as carbon sinks.The oceans absorb a large share of the carbon dioxide released by human activity. It dissolves in seawater and is taken up by phytoplankton through photosynthesis, and part of it is stored in the deep ocean for long periods, which slows the build-up of CO2 in the atmosphere.Oceans do not remove CFCs from the atmosphere. Releasing methane would add a greenhouse gas, not reduce one. The heat oceans absorb warms the water and raises sea levels, so it is not a mitigation of climate change.

Q: Which one of the following countries is the largest emitter of Greenhouse gases ?

The largest emitter of greenhouse gases is China.China has been the world's largest emitter of greenhouse gases since the mid-2000s, accounting for roughly a quarter to a third of global emissions, mainly from coal-based power and industry. The United States comes second and India third.India's total emissions are large, but its emissions per person are well below the world average. Japan and Pakistan emit far less than China.

Q: Which of the following are the primary sinks for carbon dioxide? (Choose the most appropriate option from below)

The primary carbon dioxide sinks are oceans and forests.The oceans absorb carbon dioxide by dissolving it in seawater and through photosynthesis by phytoplankton; they hold far more carbon than the atmosphere. Forests take up carbon dioxide by photosynthesis and store the carbon in wood and soil.Deserts have sparse vegetation and store little carbon, so every option that includes deserts is wrong. Grasslands store some carbon in their soils, but much less than forests and oceans.

Q: Arrange the following Greenhouse gases in the increasing order of their contribution to global warming :

In increasing order of contribution the gases are \(NO_{X}\), \(CH_{4}\), \(CO_{2}\).Carbon dioxide contributes the largest share of human-caused warming, roughly two-thirds of the radiative forcing from long-lived greenhouse gases, because of the very large amounts emitted. Methane comes second, contributing about a sixth. Nitrogen compounds, chiefly nitrous oxide, add a smaller share again.The other orders place methane or nitrogen oxides above carbon dioxide or methane below the nitrogen oxides, which reverses the measured contributions.

Q: Methane campaign of India was lead by :

India's methane campaign was led by Dr. A.P. Mitra.A.P. Mitra, the atmospheric scientist and former Director-General of CSIR, led the national campaign of the early 1990s at the National Physical Laboratory that measured methane emissions from Indian rice paddies and livestock. Its measurements showed that earlier global estimates of India's emissions were much too high, which strengthened India's position in the climate negotiations.M.S. Swaminathan is known for the Green Revolution, B.P. Pal for wheat breeding, and S.K. Sinha for plant physiology; none of them led this campaign.

31.

The United Nations Environment Programme and International Energy Agency jointly released a 'Cooling Emissions and Policy Synthesis Report' (CEPSR). Which of the following statements is/are correct about the report ?

1. It is based on assessment of development and climate benefits of efficient and climate-friendly cooling.
2. It lays out actions that can be taken to deliver efficient and climate-friendly cooling for all.

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

A.Only 1
B.Only 2
C.Both 1 and 2
D.Neither 1 nor 2

Exam Year(s)

Punjab Civil Service - 2021,

Answer: C

Both statements are correct, so the answer is Both 1 and 2.

The Cooling Emissions and Policy Synthesis Report, released by UNEP and the International Energy Agency in July 2020, assesses the development and climate benefits of cooling that is both energy-efficient and climate-friendly (1). It then sets out the policy actions that can deliver such cooling for all, for example linking the phase-down of HFC refrigerants under the Kigali Amendment with improvements in the energy efficiency of air conditioners (2).

Since the report does both things, 'Only 1', 'Only 2' and 'Neither 1 nor 2' each leave out or deny a correct statement.

Discuss in Forum

32.

Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) released a report titled 'Assessment of Climate Change over the Indian Region'. Which of the following statements are true ?

1. It is a first ever attempt to document and assess climate change in different parts of India.
2. It highlights the observed and projected changes in various climatic dimensions over the Indian region, their impacts and various policy actions to deal with the regional climate change.
3. The Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM) is located at Coimbatore.

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

A.Only 1 and 2
B.Only 2
C.Only 1 and 3
D.1, 2 and 3

Exam Year(s)

Punjab Civil Service - 2021,

Answer: A

Statements 1 and 2 are correct, so the answer is Only 1 and 2.

The Ministry of Earth Sciences' 2020 report Assessment of Climate Change over the Indian Region was described as the first national assessment of its kind, documenting climate change across different parts of India (1). It covers the observed and projected changes in temperature, rainfall, monsoon, droughts, sea level and other dimensions, their impacts, and the policy actions needed to respond (2).

Statement 3 is wrong. The Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, whose Centre for Climate Change Research prepared the report, is in Pune, not Coimbatore. So options including 3 fail, and 'Only 2' leaves out a correct statement.

Discuss in Forum

33.

Consider the following greenhouses gases :

1. Methane (CH₄)
2. Carbon dioxide (CO₂)
3. Nitric oxide (NO)
4. Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs)
5. Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)
6. Sulphur hexafluoride (SF₆)

Which of these are covered under the Kyoto Protocol ?

A.1, 2, 5 and 6
B.1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
C.1, 2, 4, 5 and 6
D.1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6

Exam Year(s)

Punjab Civil Service - 2025,

Answer: A

The gases covered are 1, 2, 5 and 6.

The Kyoto Protocol's Annex A lists six greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide (N₂O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulphur hexafluoride. Nitrogen trifluoride was added for the second commitment period.

Nitric oxide (NO) is not the Kyoto gas; the listed nitrogen gas is nitrous oxide. Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are ozone-depleting substances controlled under the Montreal Protocol, so they are left out of Kyoto. That rules out options containing 3 or 4.

Discuss in Forum

34.

Consider the following statements about carbon credits :

1. It is a generic term used for any tradable certificate or permit representing the right to emit a certain amount of carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gases.
2. One carbon credit represents the reduction or removal of one metric ton of carbon dioxide or an equivalent amount of another greenhouse gas.
3. The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) under the Kyoto Protocol allows developed countries to earn carbon credits by investing in emission-reduction projects in other developed as well as developing countries.
4. There are dedicated markets for trading in carbon credits such as the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS).

Which of the above statements are correct ?

A.1, 2, and 3 only
B.1, 2, and 4 only
C.2, 3, and 4 only
D.All of the above

Exam Year(s)

Punjab Civil Service - 2025,

Answer: B

Statements 1, 2 and 4 are correct, so the answer is 1, 2, and 4 only.

A carbon credit is a tradable permit or certificate for emitting greenhouse gas, and one credit stands for one tonne of carbon dioxide or its equivalent in another gas. Credits are traded in dedicated markets, of which the EU Emissions Trading System is the largest.

Statement 3 is wrong. Under the Clean Development Mechanism, developed (Annex I) countries earn credits by financing emission-reduction projects in developing countries only. Projects in other developed countries come under a different Kyoto mechanism, Joint Implementation.

Discuss in Forum

35.

"Signing countries are expected to decrease the manufacture and use of Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) by about 80-85% from their respective baselines by 2045. The rationale is that while HFCs don't have much impact on depletion of ozone layer, they are powerful greenhouse gases and hence contribute significantly to global warming." Which of the following is described in this passage?

A.Agenda 21
B.Kigali Agreement
C.Bonn Convention
D.Kunming Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework

Exam Year(s)

Punjab Civil Service - 2024,

Answer: B

The passage describes the Kigali Agreement.

The Kigali Amendment (2016) to the Montreal Protocol commits countries to phase down hydrofluorocarbons by roughly 80-85% by the late 2040s. HFCs replaced ozone-depleting CFCs and do not harm the ozone layer, but they are potent greenhouse gases, which is the rationale the passage gives.

Agenda 21 is the 1992 Rio action plan on sustainable development, the Bonn Convention protects migratory species, and the Kunming-Montreal framework (2022) sets biodiversity targets; none deals with HFCs.

Discuss in Forum

36.

What is the role of oceans in mitigating climate changes? (Choose the most appropriate option from below)

A.They reduce the levels of CFCs in the atmosphere
B.They act as carbon sinks
C.They release methane
D.They trap solar heat

Exam Year(s)

RSMSSB - 2025, Rajasthan Nursing Tutor - 2025,

Answer: B

Oceans mitigate climate change because they act as carbon sinks.

The oceans absorb a large share of the carbon dioxide released by human activity. It dissolves in seawater and is taken up by phytoplankton through photosynthesis, and part of it is stored in the deep ocean for long periods, which slows the build-up of CO2 in the atmosphere.

Oceans do not remove CFCs from the atmosphere. Releasing methane would add a greenhouse gas, not reduce one. The heat oceans absorb warms the water and raises sea levels, so it is not a mitigation of climate change.

Discuss in Forum

37.

Which one of the following countries is the largest emitter of Greenhouse gases ?

A.India
B.China
C.Pakistan
D.Japan

Exam Year(s)

RSMSSB - 2025, NHM Rajasthan Pharmacist - 2025, Rajasthan NHM Pharma Assistant - 2025,

Answer: B

The largest emitter of greenhouse gases is China.

China has been the world's largest emitter of greenhouse gases since the mid-2000s, accounting for roughly a quarter to a third of global emissions, mainly from coal-based power and industry. The United States comes second and India third.

India's total emissions are large, but its emissions per person are well below the world average. Japan and Pakistan emit far less than China.

Discuss in Forum

38.

Which of the following are the primary sinks for carbon dioxide? (Choose the most appropriate option from below)

A.Deserts and Forests
B.Oceans and Deserts
C.Oceans and Forests
D.Deserts and Grasslands

Exam Year(s)

RSMSSB - 2025, RSMSSB Lab Technician - 2025,

Answer: C

The primary carbon dioxide sinks are oceans and forests.

The oceans absorb carbon dioxide by dissolving it in seawater and through photosynthesis by phytoplankton; they hold far more carbon than the atmosphere. Forests take up carbon dioxide by photosynthesis and store the carbon in wood and soil.

Deserts have sparse vegetation and store little carbon, so every option that includes deserts is wrong. Grasslands store some carbon in their soils, but much less than forests and oceans.

Discuss in Forum

39.

Arrange the following Greenhouse gases in the increasing order of their contribution to global warming :

A.\(CH_{4}\), \(CO_{2}\), \(NO_{X}\)
B.\(CH_{4}\), \(NO_{X}\), \(CO_{2}\)
C.\(NO_{X}\), \(CH_{4}\), \(CO_{2}\)
D.\(CO_{2}\), \(CH_{4}\), \(NO_{X}\)

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: C

In increasing order of contribution the gases are \(NO_{X}\), \(CH_{4}\), \(CO_{2}\).

Carbon dioxide contributes the largest share of human-caused warming, roughly two-thirds of the radiative forcing from long-lived greenhouse gases, because of the very large amounts emitted. Methane comes second, contributing about a sixth. Nitrogen compounds, chiefly nitrous oxide, add a smaller share again.

The other orders place methane or nitrogen oxides above carbon dioxide or methane below the nitrogen oxides, which reverses the measured contributions.

Discuss in Forum

40.

Methane campaign of India was lead by :

A.Dr. M.S. Swaminathan
B.Dr. A.P. Mitra
C.Dr. B.P. Pal
D.Dr. S.K. Sinha

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: B

India's methane campaign was led by Dr. A.P. Mitra.

A.P. Mitra, the atmospheric scientist and former Director-General of CSIR, led the national campaign of the early 1990s at the National Physical Laboratory that measured methane emissions from Indian rice paddies and livestock. Its measurements showed that earlier global estimates of India's emissions were much too high, which strengthened India's position in the climate negotiations.

M.S. Swaminathan is known for the Green Revolution, B.P. Pal for wheat breeding, and S.K. Sinha for plant physiology; none of them led this campaign.

Discuss in Forum

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