Comparative and Development Administration Questions and Answers

Q: The Bureaucratic Administration of Japan is divided into three basic levels :

The three levels are National, Prefactural, Municipal.Japan is a unitary state. Its administration runs at three levels: the national government with its ministries and agencies, 47 prefectures (to, do, fu and ken, such as Tokyo-to and Hokkaido), and municipalities (cities, towns and villages) within each prefecture. The paper spells prefectural as 'Prefactural'.'State' belongs to federations such as the United States or India, not to Japan, and 'departmental' and 'divisional' are not the names of Japan's tiers of government.

Q: Given below are the Editors (Authors) and their books. Select the incorrect answer :

The incorrect pair is Temporal Dimensions of Development Administration - Edward W. Weidner.Temporal Dimensions of Development Administration (1970) was edited by Dwight Waldo, as one of the Duke University Press series produced by the Comparative Administration Group. Edward W. Weidner is known for his own work on development administration, including Development Administration in Asia (1970).The other three pairs are correct: Ralph Braibanti edited Political and Administrative Development (1969), Fred W. Riggs Frontiers of Development Administration (1970), and James J. Heaphey Spatial Dimensions of Development Administration (1971), all in the same series.

Q: One of the major dimension of human development indicator is :

The major dimension listed here is health.The Human Development Index, published by the UNDP since 1990, measures three dimensions: a long and healthy life (life expectancy at birth), knowledge (mean and expected years of schooling), and a decent standard of living (gross national income per capita).Wealth is not itself a dimension; income enters only as a measure of the standard of living, and the whole point of the index was to look beyond wealth. Technological advancement and culture are not among the three dimensions.

Q: Who is the architect and founder of the Human Development Reports ?

The architect and founder was Mahbub-Ul-Haq.The Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq conceived the Human Development Report and led the UNDP team that produced the first one in 1990. He argued that development should be measured by the expansion of people's choices, not by income growth alone, and created the Human Development Index with that aim.Amartya Sen worked closely with him and his capability approach provided the intellectual foundation of the report, but Haq was its founder. Joseph Stiglitz and Jean-Paul Fitoussi are known for the 2009 Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress, with Sen.

Q: The 'CLECTS' in prismatic society of F.W. Riggs are :

Clects are a typical prismatic group.In Fred Riggs's model of the prismatic society, which lies between the traditional (fused) and the modern (diffracted) types, a clect is a group that uses modern associational forms, such as a party or a union, while serving the narrow communal or kinship interests of a traditional group. It is the characteristic group of prismatic society.The other options describe particular kinds of politician, not the group form Riggs named.

Q: Factors contributing to the emphasis on Comparative Public Administration in America :(1) The influence of German immigration since about 1933(2) The translation of the writings of Max Weber(3) Because Public Administration emerged in America(4) Final entrance of the USA into world politics after 1945

The factors are (1), (2) and (4).Comparative public administration grew in America after the Second World War. The arrival of European, especially German, scholars after 1933 brought continental traditions of administrative study; the translation of Max Weber's writings on bureaucracy gave the field its central model; and the entry of the United States into world politics after 1945, with technical assistance programmes for new nations, created a practical need to understand foreign administrations.Statement 3 is not a cause of the comparative emphasis: that public administration began in America explains the earlier, American-centred focus that the comparative movement reacted against. Only one option omits (3).

Q: Who says "Administration cannot normally improved very much without changes in the environmental constraints".

The statement is Fred Riggs's.Riggs's ecological approach holds that administration is shaped by its social, economic, political and cultural environment. It follows that administration cannot be much improved by internal reforms alone; the environmental constraints must also change.Gunnar Myrdal wrote on the 'soft state' in South Asia, while F. W. Taylor and Harrington Emerson were efficiency engineers who looked for improvement inside the organisation, through work methods, not through its environment.

Q: Consider the following statements :(1) Behavioral Approach emphasis on facts.(2) Systems Approach views an administrative system as a sub-system of the society.(3) Ecological Approach examines the instructions between an administrative system and its external environment.(4) The Bureaucratic Approach has been used to study the developmental role of bureaucracies.Which of the statements given above are correct ?

All four statements are accepted, so the answer is (1), (2), (3) and (4).The behavioural approach stresses the observation of facts and actual behaviour (1). The systems approach treats the administrative system as a sub-system of the larger social system (2). The ecological approach studies the interactions (printed as 'instructions') between an administrative system and its environment (3). The bureaucratic approach, drawing on Weber, has been used to examine the role of bureaucracies in development (4).Each of the other options leaves out a statement that is correct, so they are incomplete.

Q: Which of the following is the structural feature of administration in the developed countries ?

The key gives Rational Bureaucracy.In comparative studies such as Ferrel Heady's, the administration of developed countries is marked by a large, functionally specialised, professional bureaucracy recruited on merit and working by rational, rule-bound procedures, close to Weber's ideal type. That rational character is the structural feature that sets them apart.Every administration has an organisational structure, so that option names nothing distinctive. A powerful bureaucracy and a centralised mechanism are more often associated with developing countries, where the bureaucracy dominates weak political institutions.

Q: Assertion (A) and Reason (R) pattern :Assertion (A) : The Cabinet operates under the leadership of the Prime Minister in Japan.Reason (R) : In Japan the Cabinet is responsible to the Emperor and not to the Diet.Answer the question using the codes given below :

The answer is (A) is true, but (R) is false.Under Japan's 1947 Constitution, the Cabinet is headed by the Prime Minister, who is designated by the Diet and appoints and removes the other ministers, so the assertion is true.The reason is false. Article 66 makes the Cabinet collectively responsible to the Diet, not to the Emperor, who is only the symbol of the state with no powers related to government. So both options treating R as true are wrong, and so is the option calling both false.

41.

The Bureaucratic Administration of Japan is divided into three basic levels :

A.National, Prefactural, Municipal
B.National, State, Local
C.National, Departmental, Municipal
D.National, Local, Divisional

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: A

The three levels are National, Prefactural, Municipal.

Japan is a unitary state. Its administration runs at three levels: the national government with its ministries and agencies, 47 prefectures (to, do, fu and ken, such as Tokyo-to and Hokkaido), and municipalities (cities, towns and villages) within each prefecture. The paper spells prefectural as 'Prefactural'.

'State' belongs to federations such as the United States or India, not to Japan, and 'departmental' and 'divisional' are not the names of Japan's tiers of government.

Discuss in Forum

42.

Given below are the Editors (Authors) and their books. Select the incorrect answer :

A.Political and Administrative Development - Ralph Braibanti
B.Frontiers of Development Administration - Fred W. Riggs
C.Spatial Dimensions of Development Administration - James J. Heaphey
D.Temporal Dimensions of Development Administration - Edward W. Weidner

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: D

The incorrect pair is Temporal Dimensions of Development Administration - Edward W. Weidner.

Temporal Dimensions of Development Administration (1970) was edited by Dwight Waldo, as one of the Duke University Press series produced by the Comparative Administration Group. Edward W. Weidner is known for his own work on development administration, including Development Administration in Asia (1970).

The other three pairs are correct: Ralph Braibanti edited Political and Administrative Development (1969), Fred W. Riggs Frontiers of Development Administration (1970), and James J. Heaphey Spatial Dimensions of Development Administration (1971), all in the same series.

Discuss in Forum

43.

One of the major dimension of human development indicator is :

A.Wealth
B.Health
C.Technological advancement
D.Culture

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: B

The major dimension listed here is health.

The Human Development Index, published by the UNDP since 1990, measures three dimensions: a long and healthy life (life expectancy at birth), knowledge (mean and expected years of schooling), and a decent standard of living (gross national income per capita).

Wealth is not itself a dimension; income enters only as a measure of the standard of living, and the whole point of the index was to look beyond wealth. Technological advancement and culture are not among the three dimensions.

Discuss in Forum

44.

Who is the architect and founder of the Human Development Reports ?

A.Amartya Sen
B.Mahbub-Ul-Haq
C.Joseph Stiglitz
D.Jean-Paul Fitoussi

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: B

The architect and founder was Mahbub-Ul-Haq.

The Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq conceived the Human Development Report and led the UNDP team that produced the first one in 1990. He argued that development should be measured by the expansion of people's choices, not by income growth alone, and created the Human Development Index with that aim.

Amartya Sen worked closely with him and his capability approach provided the intellectual foundation of the report, but Haq was its founder. Joseph Stiglitz and Jean-Paul Fitoussi are known for the 2009 Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress, with Sen.

Discuss in Forum

45.

The 'CLECTS' in prismatic society of F.W. Riggs are :

A.Elected leaders of middle class
B.Political leaders who could not win the elections
C.Elite groups who use traditional clout to win elections
D.Typical prismatic group

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: D

Clects are a typical prismatic group.

In Fred Riggs's model of the prismatic society, which lies between the traditional (fused) and the modern (diffracted) types, a clect is a group that uses modern associational forms, such as a party or a union, while serving the narrow communal or kinship interests of a traditional group. It is the characteristic group of prismatic society.

The other options describe particular kinds of politician, not the group form Riggs named.

Discuss in Forum

46.

Factors contributing to the emphasis on Comparative Public Administration in America :

(1) The influence of German immigration since about 1933
(2) The translation of the writings of Max Weber
(3) Because Public Administration emerged in America
(4) Final entrance of the USA into world politics after 1945

A.(1), (2) and (3)
B.(1), (2) and (4)
C.(3) and (4)
D.(2), (3) and (4)

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: B

The factors are (1), (2) and (4).

Comparative public administration grew in America after the Second World War. The arrival of European, especially German, scholars after 1933 brought continental traditions of administrative study; the translation of Max Weber's writings on bureaucracy gave the field its central model; and the entry of the United States into world politics after 1945, with technical assistance programmes for new nations, created a practical need to understand foreign administrations.

Statement 3 is not a cause of the comparative emphasis: that public administration began in America explains the earlier, American-centred focus that the comparative movement reacted against. Only one option omits (3).

Discuss in Forum

47.

Who says "Administration cannot normally improved very much without changes in the environmental constraints".

A.Gunnar Myrdal
B.Fred Riggs
C.F. W. Taylor
D.H. Emerson

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: B

The statement is Fred Riggs's.

Riggs's ecological approach holds that administration is shaped by its social, economic, political and cultural environment. It follows that administration cannot be much improved by internal reforms alone; the environmental constraints must also change.

Gunnar Myrdal wrote on the 'soft state' in South Asia, while F. W. Taylor and Harrington Emerson were efficiency engineers who looked for improvement inside the organisation, through work methods, not through its environment.

Discuss in Forum

48.

Consider the following statements :

(1) Behavioral Approach emphasis on facts.
(2) Systems Approach views an administrative system as a sub-system of the society.
(3) Ecological Approach examines the instructions between an administrative system and its external environment.
(4) The Bureaucratic Approach has been used to study the developmental role of bureaucracies.

Which of the statements given above are correct ?

A.(1), (2), (3) and (4)
B.(2) and (3)
C.(2), (3) and (4)
D.(1), (3) and (4)

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: A

All four statements are accepted, so the answer is (1), (2), (3) and (4).

The behavioural approach stresses the observation of facts and actual behaviour (1). The systems approach treats the administrative system as a sub-system of the larger social system (2). The ecological approach studies the interactions (printed as 'instructions') between an administrative system and its environment (3). The bureaucratic approach, drawing on Weber, has been used to examine the role of bureaucracies in development (4).

Each of the other options leaves out a statement that is correct, so they are incomplete.

Discuss in Forum

49.

Which of the following is the structural feature of administration in the developed countries ?

A.Organizational Structure
B.Rational Bureaucracy
C.Powerful Bureaucracy
D.Centralized Administrative Mechanism

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: B

The key gives Rational Bureaucracy.

In comparative studies such as Ferrel Heady's, the administration of developed countries is marked by a large, functionally specialised, professional bureaucracy recruited on merit and working by rational, rule-bound procedures, close to Weber's ideal type. That rational character is the structural feature that sets them apart.

Every administration has an organisational structure, so that option names nothing distinctive. A powerful bureaucracy and a centralised mechanism are more often associated with developing countries, where the bureaucracy dominates weak political institutions.

Discuss in Forum

50.

Assertion (A) and Reason (R) pattern :

Assertion (A) : The Cabinet operates under the leadership of the Prime Minister in Japan.
Reason (R) : In Japan the Cabinet is responsible to the Emperor and not to the Diet.

Answer the question using the codes given below :

A.Both (A) and (R) true and (R) is the correct reason of (A)
B.(A) is true, but (R) is false
C.Both (A) and (R) are false
D.Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not correct reason of (A)

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: B

The answer is (A) is true, but (R) is false.

Under Japan's 1947 Constitution, the Cabinet is headed by the Prime Minister, who is designated by the Diet and appoints and removes the other ministers, so the assertion is true.

The reason is false. Article 66 makes the Cabinet collectively responsible to the Diet, not to the Emperor, who is only the symbol of the state with no powers related to government. So both options treating R as true are wrong, and so is the option calling both false.

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