Forensic Science and Physical Evidence Questions and Answers

Q: "No person accused of any offence shall be compelled to be a witness against himself." The statement is under which of the following articles of constitution of India ?

The protection is in Article 20(3).Article 20(3) of the Constitution of India says that no person accused of any offence shall be compelled to be a witness against himself: the right against self-incrimination. It is central to forensic practice. In Selvi v. State of Karnataka (2010), the Supreme Court held that involuntary narco-analysis, polygraph and brain electrical activation profile tests violate Article 20(3), while the taking of fingerprints, handwriting specimens and DNA samples does not.Article 22(2) requires an arrested person to be produced before a magistrate within 24 hours, Article 23(1) prohibits traffic in human beings and forced labour, and Article 25(2) saves certain state powers relating to religion.

Q: The benefits of Anti-lock Braking Systems (ABS) are all, except :

The item that is not a benefit of ABS is longer skid marks on rough roads.An anti-lock braking system senses when a wheel is about to lock and rapidly modulates the brake pressure, keeping the wheels rotating at the limit of grip. This keeps directional stability and lets the driver steer during hard braking, and on most surfaces it shortens or maintains the stopping distance.Because the wheels do not lock, ABS braking usually leaves faint, intermittent marks rather than the dark, continuous skid marks of locked wheels. That matters in accident reconstruction, since speed estimates based on skid length are harder to make for ABS vehicles. Longer skid marks are not a benefit.

Q: At an alleged suicide case, the door was found open, the evidence of this kind is better known as :

A door found open is conditional evidence.Conditional (or transient) evidence records the state of things at the scene as found: whether doors and windows were open or locked, lights on or off, the temperature of food or coffee, the smell of smoke or perfume, the position of the body. Such conditions can change quickly once people arrive, so the first officers must note and photograph them.Transfer evidence is material exchanged between people and places, such as fibres and blood. Associative evidence links a suspect or object to a scene or victim, and 'depicting evidence' is not a standard category.

Q: Evidence of officers of Bank Note Press is relevant under which of the following sections of CrPC ?

Evidence of officers of the Bank Note Press falls under Section 292 of the CrPC.Section 292 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 lets a court use, as evidence, a report under the hand of a gazetted officer of the Mint or of the India Security Press, which covers the security presses that print bank notes. The officer need not be summoned unless the court thinks it necessary.Section 291 deals with depositions of medical witnesses, Section 293 with reports of Government scientific experts, and Section 294 with documents admitted without formal proof. The CrPC has since been replaced by the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023.

Q: Loknayak Jaiprakash Narayan National Institute of Criminology and Forensic Science was established in New Delhi in which of the following years ?

The institute was established in 1972.The Loknayak Jayaprakash Narayan National Institute of Criminology and Forensic Science, under the Ministry of Home Affairs, was set up in New Delhi in 1972 as the Institute of Criminology and Forensic Science. It was later renamed after Jayaprakash Narayan and trains police, judicial and forensic personnel.1971, 1967 and 1974 are not its founding year.

Q: Assertion : Link method is often coupled with other geometric search method.Reason : No single crime scene search method is suitable for all types of scene.

Both Assertion and Reason are true.The link method follows a chain of evidence from one item to the next, so it is usually combined with a geometric search such as the strip, grid, spiral or zone method that makes sure the whole scene is covered. That combination follows from the reason: no single search pattern suits every scene, since scenes differ in size, terrain and type of evidence.Since both statements are true, the options calling either one false are wrong.

Q: Total Station Surveying System (TSSS) is related to which of the following steps of crime scene investigation :

A Total Station Surveying System is used for documentation.A total station combines an electronic theodolite and a distance meter. At a crime scene, especially a large outdoor or traffic scene, it records the exact positions of evidence, bodies and landmarks, from which accurate scaled sketches and 3-D plans are produced.Searching, protecting the scene and collecting evidence are separate steps; the total station measures and records where things are, which is part of documenting the scene.

Q: Bindle and coin envelopes are the example of :

Bindles and coin envelopes are primary containers.The primary container is the one that holds the evidence directly. Trace evidence such as hairs, fibres or paint chips is folded into a paper bindle or put in a small coin envelope, which is then sealed and placed inside a larger, labelled secondary container such as an evidence envelope or bag.Secondary and tertiary containers enclose the primary one for protection, labelling and transport. 'Quaternary container' is not a standard evidence-packaging term.

Q: Deposition of medical witness is dealt under which of the following sections of CrPC ?

The deposition of a medical witness is dealt with under Section 291 of the CrPC.Section 291 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 allows the deposition of a civil surgeon or other medical witness, taken and attested by a magistrate in the presence of the accused, to be given in evidence in an inquiry or trial even though the witness is not called. The court may still summon the witness.Section 292 concerns officers of the Mint and security presses, 293 the reports of Government scientific experts, and 294 documents not disputed. The CrPC has since been replaced by the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023.

41.

The 1st Chemical Examiner Laboratory was set up in India at :

A.Madras
B.Calcutta
C.Agra
D.Mumbai

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2021, SET Exam - 2021,

Answer: A

The first Chemical Examiner's Laboratory in India was set up at Madras.

Under British rule, the post of Chemical Examiner was created to analyse viscera and other material in poisoning cases. The first such laboratory was established at Madras in 1849, in the Madras Presidency. Laboratories at Calcutta (1853), Agra (1864) and Bombay (1870) followed, which are the other options.

These laboratories were the forerunners of today's state Forensic Science Laboratories, whose chemistry and toxicology divisions continue the Chemical Examiner's work.

Discuss in Forum

42.

"No person accused of any offence shall be compelled to be a witness against himself." The statement is under which of the following articles of constitution of India ?

A.Article 20(3)
B.Article 22(2)
C.Article 23(1)
D.Article 25(2)

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2021, SET Exam - 2021,

Answer: A

The protection is in Article 20(3).

Article 20(3) of the Constitution of India says that no person accused of any offence shall be compelled to be a witness against himself: the right against self-incrimination. It is central to forensic practice. In Selvi v. State of Karnataka (2010), the Supreme Court held that involuntary narco-analysis, polygraph and brain electrical activation profile tests violate Article 20(3), while the taking of fingerprints, handwriting specimens and DNA samples does not.

Article 22(2) requires an arrested person to be produced before a magistrate within 24 hours, Article 23(1) prohibits traffic in human beings and forced labour, and Article 25(2) saves certain state powers relating to religion.

Discuss in Forum

43.

The benefits of Anti-lock Braking Systems (ABS) are all, except :

A.Reduced stopping distance under braking conditions
B.Increased directional stability under braking conditions
C.Added steering control during maximum braking
D.Longer skid marks on the rough roads

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2021, SET Exam - 2021,

Answer: D

The item that is not a benefit of ABS is longer skid marks on rough roads.

An anti-lock braking system senses when a wheel is about to lock and rapidly modulates the brake pressure, keeping the wheels rotating at the limit of grip. This keeps directional stability and lets the driver steer during hard braking, and on most surfaces it shortens or maintains the stopping distance.

Because the wheels do not lock, ABS braking usually leaves faint, intermittent marks rather than the dark, continuous skid marks of locked wheels. That matters in accident reconstruction, since speed estimates based on skid length are harder to make for ABS vehicles. Longer skid marks are not a benefit.

Discuss in Forum

44.

At an alleged suicide case, the door was found open, the evidence of this kind is better known as :

A.Associative evidence
B.Transfer evidence
C.Depicting evidence
D.Conditional evidence

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2021, SET Exam - 2021,

Answer: D

A door found open is conditional evidence.

Conditional (or transient) evidence records the state of things at the scene as found: whether doors and windows were open or locked, lights on or off, the temperature of food or coffee, the smell of smoke or perfume, the position of the body. Such conditions can change quickly once people arrive, so the first officers must note and photograph them.

Transfer evidence is material exchanged between people and places, such as fibres and blood. Associative evidence links a suspect or object to a scene or victim, and 'depicting evidence' is not a standard category.

Discuss in Forum

45.

Evidence of officers of Bank Note Press is relevant under which of the following sections of CrPC ?

A.Section-291
B.Section-292
C.Section-293
D.Section-294

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: B

Evidence of officers of the Bank Note Press falls under Section 292 of the CrPC.

Section 292 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 lets a court use, as evidence, a report under the hand of a gazetted officer of the Mint or of the India Security Press, which covers the security presses that print bank notes. The officer need not be summoned unless the court thinks it necessary.

Section 291 deals with depositions of medical witnesses, Section 293 with reports of Government scientific experts, and Section 294 with documents admitted without formal proof. The CrPC has since been replaced by the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023.

Discuss in Forum

46.

Loknayak Jaiprakash Narayan National Institute of Criminology and Forensic Science was established in New Delhi in which of the following years ?

A.1971
B.1972
C.1967
D.1974

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: B

The institute was established in 1972.

The Loknayak Jayaprakash Narayan National Institute of Criminology and Forensic Science, under the Ministry of Home Affairs, was set up in New Delhi in 1972 as the Institute of Criminology and Forensic Science. It was later renamed after Jayaprakash Narayan and trains police, judicial and forensic personnel.

1971, 1967 and 1974 are not its founding year.

Discuss in Forum

47.

Assertion : Link method is often coupled with other geometric search method.
Reason : No single crime scene search method is suitable for all types of scene.

A.Both Assertion and Reason are true
B.Assertion is true but Reason is false
C.Assertion is false but Reason is true
D.Both Assertion and Reason are false.

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: A

Both Assertion and Reason are true.

The link method follows a chain of evidence from one item to the next, so it is usually combined with a geometric search such as the strip, grid, spiral or zone method that makes sure the whole scene is covered. That combination follows from the reason: no single search pattern suits every scene, since scenes differ in size, terrain and type of evidence.

Since both statements are true, the options calling either one false are wrong.

Discuss in Forum

48.

Total Station Surveying System (TSSS) is related to which of the following steps of crime scene investigation :

A.Searching
B.Documentation
C.Protection
D.Collection of evidence

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: B

A Total Station Surveying System is used for documentation.

A total station combines an electronic theodolite and a distance meter. At a crime scene, especially a large outdoor or traffic scene, it records the exact positions of evidence, bodies and landmarks, from which accurate scaled sketches and 3-D plans are produced.

Searching, protecting the scene and collecting evidence are separate steps; the total station measures and records where things are, which is part of documenting the scene.

Discuss in Forum

49.

Bindle and coin envelopes are the example of :

A.Primary container
B.Secondary container
C.Tertiary container
D.Quaternary container

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: A

Bindles and coin envelopes are primary containers.

The primary container is the one that holds the evidence directly. Trace evidence such as hairs, fibres or paint chips is folded into a paper bindle or put in a small coin envelope, which is then sealed and placed inside a larger, labelled secondary container such as an evidence envelope or bag.

Secondary and tertiary containers enclose the primary one for protection, labelling and transport. 'Quaternary container' is not a standard evidence-packaging term.

Discuss in Forum

50.

Deposition of medical witness is dealt under which of the following sections of CrPC ?

A.Section-291
B.Section-292
C.Section-293
D.Section-294

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: A

The deposition of a medical witness is dealt with under Section 291 of the CrPC.

Section 291 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 allows the deposition of a civil surgeon or other medical witness, taken and attested by a magistrate in the presence of the accused, to be given in evidence in an inquiry or trial even though the witness is not called. The court may still summon the witness.

Section 292 concerns officers of the Mint and security presses, 293 the reports of Government scientific experts, and 294 documents not disputed. The CrPC has since been replaced by the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023.

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