Match the following and find the correct answer from the codes given below :List IList II(a) Algorithm(i) Instructions to the computer(b) Flowcharts(ii) Debugging(c) Program codes(iii) Pictorially represented direction lines(d) Program test(iv) Set of explicit and finite steps

The correct matching is a-iv, b-iii, c-i, d-ii.An algorithm is a set of explicit and finite steps for solving a problem.A flowchart represents those steps pictorially, as boxes joined by direction lines.Program code is the set of instructions written for the computer.A program test is followed by debugging, finding and removing the errors the test reveals.The other options misplace at least one pair, for example giving debugging to the algorithm or to program code. Only one option matches all four.

Match the following and choose the correct answer from the codes given below :List IList II(a) Boot virus(i) Self-encrypted virus designed to avoid getting detected by scanner(b) Macro virus(ii) Malware(c) File virus(iii) Infects the boot sector of floppy disks or the master book record(d) Polymorphic virus(iv) Virus that spread in application software

The correct matching is a-iii, b-iv, c-ii, d-i.A boot virus infects the boot sector of floppy disks or the master boot record (printed 'master book record').A macro virus spreads through application software, in macros of documents and spreadsheets.A file virus is matched with the general term malware.A polymorphic virus encrypts and changes itself with each infection to avoid detection by scanners.Boot virus with (iii) and polymorphic virus with (i) are the clear pairs. Only one option has both, since the near miss swaps (i) and (ii) for the file and polymorphic viruses.

ICT Fundamentals for Libraries Questions and Answers

Q: Arrange the following layers of OSI Model in the sequence in which they function :(i) Network layer(ii) Physical layer(iii) Transport layer(iv) Data link layer

The order is (ii), (iv), (i), (iii): Physical, Data link, Network, Transport.In the OSI model the layers are numbered from the bottom: 1 Physical, 2 Data link, 3 Network, 4 Transport, 5 Session, 6 Presentation, 7 Application. Data being sent out pass down the layers and data being received pass up them, and the conventional numbering sequence starts from the Physical layer.The other codes break this order: they put the Transport or Network layer first, or place the Physical layer after the Data link layer, which cannot be, since the Data link layer frames the bits the Physical layer carries.

Q: The Topology with highest reliability is :

The topology with the highest reliability is Mesh Topology.In a full mesh every node has a dedicated link to every other node. If one link or node fails, traffic simply takes another path, so there is no single point of failure; the price is a large number of links, \(n(n-1)/2\) for \(n\) nodes.A bus fails if its single backbone cable is cut, a star fails if its central hub fails, and a simple ring is broken by the failure of any one node or link. Each of these has a single point of failure, which is why mesh is the most reliable.

Q: Arrange the following search engines by their year of origin :(i) Bing(ii) Yahoo(iii) Ask(iv) Google

The key's order is (ii) (iv) (iii) (i): Yahoo, Google, Ask, Bing.Yahoo was founded in 1994 and Google in 1998. The key dates Ask from 2006, when Ask Jeeves (launched in 1996) dropped the butler and relaunched under the name Ask.com. Microsoft's Bing came last, in 2009, replacing Live Search.Taken as Ask Jeeves, Ask would come before Google, but no option gives that order, so the key's reading is the only one an option matches. Every other option starts with a newer engine than Yahoo, which was the first of the four.

Q: The basic web services platform is a combination of ............. and ...........(i) RDF(ii) XML(iii) HTTP(iv) JAVA

The basic web services platform is XML and HTTP, so the answer is (ii) and (iii) are correct.Web services let applications exchange data over the web regardless of platform. Their basic platform combines XML, which carries the data in a self-describing, platform-neutral form, with HTTP, the transport protocol that already runs everywhere on the web. Standards such as SOAP and WSDL are built on these two.RDF is a data model for describing resources on the semantic web, and Java is one programming language among many in which web services may be written. Neither is part of the basic platform, so every option naming (i) or (iv) is wrong.

Q: Loss of signal power as light travels down the fibre is called ...........

The loss of signal power along a fibre is called attenuation.As light travels through an optical fibre, part of its power is lost through absorption by the glass and its impurities, scattering, and bending losses. The overall reduction in signal strength with distance is attenuation, measured in decibels per kilometre, and it decides how far a signal can travel before it must be amplified or regenerated.Scattering is one of the causes of attenuation, not the name for the total loss. Propagation is the travel of the signal itself, and interruption is a break in transmission, not a gradual loss of power.

Q: Web search engines store information about many web pages with the help of .............

Search engines gather information about web pages with a web crawler.A web crawler (also called a spider or robot) is a program that visits web pages automatically, follows the links on each page to find more pages, and brings back their content. The search engine then indexes what the crawler has collected and stores it so that it can answer queries quickly.A web router is not a search engine component: routers are network devices that forward data packets. 'Web organizer' is not a standard term. The indexer builds the index from pages already collected, but it is the crawler that goes out and gathers information about the many pages in the first place.

11.

Arrange the following layers of OSI Model in the sequence in which they function :

(i) Network layer
(ii) Physical layer
(iii) Transport layer
(iv) Data link layer

A.(iii), (iv), (ii), (i)
B.(iv), (ii), (i), (iii)
C.(ii), (iv), (i), (iii)
D.(i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: C

The order is (ii), (iv), (i), (iii): Physical, Data link, Network, Transport.

In the OSI model the layers are numbered from the bottom: 1 Physical, 2 Data link, 3 Network, 4 Transport, 5 Session, 6 Presentation, 7 Application. Data being sent out pass down the layers and data being received pass up them, and the conventional numbering sequence starts from the Physical layer.

The other codes break this order: they put the Transport or Network layer first, or place the Physical layer after the Data link layer, which cannot be, since the Data link layer frames the bits the Physical layer carries.

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12.

Which of the following are not the features of ISDN ?

(i) Simultaneous Digital transmission
(ii) Set of communication standards
(iii) Creates and combines packets
(iv) Program to visit web pages

A.(i) and (ii) are correct
B.(ii) and (iii) are correct
C.(iii) and (iv) are correct
D.(iv) and (i) are correct

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: C

The two that are not features of ISDN are (iii) and (iv), so the answer is (iii) and (iv) are correct.

ISDN, the Integrated Services Digital Network, is a set of communication standards (ii) for simultaneous digital transmission (i) of voice, data and video over the ordinary telephone network, for example on two 64 kbps B channels at once.

Creating and combining packets (iii) describes a packet assembler/disassembler on a packet-switched network such as X.25, whereas ISDN is basically circuit-switched. A program to visit web pages (iv) is a web browser, software rather than a network standard. So codes including (i) or (ii) are wrong.

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13.

The Topology with highest reliability is :

A.Bus Topology
B.Star Topology
C.Ring Topology
D.Mesh Topology

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: D

The topology with the highest reliability is Mesh Topology.

In a full mesh every node has a dedicated link to every other node. If one link or node fails, traffic simply takes another path, so there is no single point of failure; the price is a large number of links, \(n(n-1)/2\) for \(n\) nodes.

A bus fails if its single backbone cable is cut, a star fails if its central hub fails, and a simple ring is broken by the failure of any one node or link. Each of these has a single point of failure, which is why mesh is the most reliable.

Discuss in Forum

14.

Match the following and find the correct answer from the codes given below :

List I	List II
(a) Algorithm	(i) Instructions to the computer
(b) Flowcharts	(ii) Debugging
(c) Program codes	(iii) Pictorially represented direction lines
(d) Program test	(iv) Set of explicit and finite steps

A.a-ii, b-iii, c-iv, d-i
B.a-iii, b-i, c-iv, d-ii
C.a-iv, b-iii, c-i, d-ii
D.a-i, b-ii, c-iv, d-iii

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: C

The correct matching is a-iv, b-iii, c-i, d-ii.

An algorithm is a set of explicit and finite steps for solving a problem.
A flowchart represents those steps pictorially, as boxes joined by direction lines.
Program code is the set of instructions written for the computer.
A program test is followed by debugging, finding and removing the errors the test reveals.

The other options misplace at least one pair, for example giving debugging to the algorithm or to program code. Only one option matches all four.

Discuss in Forum

15.

Match the following and choose the correct answer from the codes given below :

List I	List II
(a) Boot virus	(i) Self-encrypted virus designed to avoid getting detected by scanner
(b) Macro virus	(ii) Malware
(c) File virus	(iii) Infects the boot sector of floppy disks or the master book record
(d) Polymorphic virus	(iv) Virus that spread in application software

A.a-iv, b-i, c-ii, d-iii
B.a-iii, b-iv, c-ii, d-i
C.a-iii, b-iv, c-i, d-ii
D.a-iv, b-iii, c-i, d-ii

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: B

The correct matching is a-iii, b-iv, c-ii, d-i.

A boot virus infects the boot sector of floppy disks or the master boot record (printed 'master book record').
A macro virus spreads through application software, in macros of documents and spreadsheets.
A file virus is matched with the general term malware.
A polymorphic virus encrypts and changes itself with each infection to avoid detection by scanners.

Boot virus with (iii) and polymorphic virus with (i) are the clear pairs. Only one option has both, since the near miss swaps (i) and (ii) for the file and polymorphic viruses.

Discuss in Forum

16.

Arrange the following search engines by their year of origin :

(i) Bing
(ii) Yahoo
(iii) Ask
(iv) Google

A.(i) (iii) (ii) (iv)
B.(iii) (i) (iv) (ii)
C.(ii) (iv) (iii) (i)
D.(iv) (iii) (ii) (i)

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: C

The key's order is (ii) (iv) (iii) (i): Yahoo, Google, Ask, Bing.

Yahoo was founded in 1994 and Google in 1998. The key dates Ask from 2006, when Ask Jeeves (launched in 1996) dropped the butler and relaunched under the name Ask.com. Microsoft's Bing came last, in 2009, replacing Live Search.

Taken as Ask Jeeves, Ask would come before Google, but no option gives that order, so the key's reading is the only one an option matches. Every other option starts with a newer engine than Yahoo, which was the first of the four.

Discuss in Forum

17.

The basic web services platform is a combination of ............. and ...........

(i) RDF
(ii) XML
(iii) HTTP
(iv) JAVA

A.(i) and (ii) are correct
B.(i) and (iv) are correct
C.(ii) and (iv) are correct
D.(ii) and (iii) are correct

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: D

The basic web services platform is XML and HTTP, so the answer is (ii) and (iii) are correct.

Web services let applications exchange data over the web regardless of platform. Their basic platform combines XML, which carries the data in a self-describing, platform-neutral form, with HTTP, the transport protocol that already runs everywhere on the web. Standards such as SOAP and WSDL are built on these two.

RDF is a data model for describing resources on the semantic web, and Java is one programming language among many in which web services may be written. Neither is part of the basic platform, so every option naming (i) or (iv) is wrong.

Discuss in Forum

18.

Which technology uses electromagnetic waves at radio frequencies for data transmission ?

A.Li-Fi
B.Wi-Fi
C.Optical cables
D.Co-axial cables

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: B

The technology that uses radio-frequency electromagnetic waves is Wi-Fi.

Wi-Fi, the wireless LAN family of IEEE 802.11 standards, transmits data by radio waves, mainly in the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands. That is what lets laptops and phones connect to a network without cables.

The other options use different media. Li-Fi transmits data with visible light from LED lamps, not radio waves. Optical cables carry pulses of light through glass fibre, and co-axial cables carry electrical signals along a copper conductor. Only Wi-Fi uses radio frequencies through the air.

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19.

Loss of signal power as light travels down the fibre is called ...........

A.Attenuation
B.Propagation
C.Scattering
D.Interruption

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: A

The loss of signal power along a fibre is called attenuation.

As light travels through an optical fibre, part of its power is lost through absorption by the glass and its impurities, scattering, and bending losses. The overall reduction in signal strength with distance is attenuation, measured in decibels per kilometre, and it decides how far a signal can travel before it must be amplified or regenerated.

Scattering is one of the causes of attenuation, not the name for the total loss. Propagation is the travel of the signal itself, and interruption is a break in transmission, not a gradual loss of power.

Discuss in Forum

20.

Web search engines store information about many web pages with the help of .............

A.Web router
B.Web organizer
C.Web crawler
D.Web indexer

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: C

Search engines gather information about web pages with a web crawler.

A web crawler (also called a spider or robot) is a program that visits web pages automatically, follows the links on each page to find more pages, and brings back their content. The search engine then indexes what the crawler has collected and stores it so that it can answer queries quickly.

A web router is not a search engine component: routers are network devices that forward data packets. 'Web organizer' is not a standard term. The indexer builds the index from pages already collected, but it is the crawler that goes out and gathers information about the many pages in the first place.

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