Match the following and select the correct answer from the codes given below :Method of Waste ManagementProcess(a) Sanitary landfill(i) Removal of larger particles(b) Incineration(ii) Conversion of waste into usable items(c) Recycling(iii) Burning of waste(d) Sedimentation(iv) Burying below earth surface

The match is a-iv, b-iii, c-ii, d-i.Sanitary landfill: burying waste below the earth's surface in engineered, lined cells covered with soil.Incineration: burning waste at high temperature.Recycling: converting waste into usable items.Sedimentation: removal of the larger, settleable particles from water.Option B also starts with landfill as burying, but it pairs incineration with removal of particles and recycling with burning, which are wrong. Options A and D get landfill wrong as well.

Segregation and Material Recovery Questions and Answers

Q: Which of the following components of solid waste is reclaimed by mechanical recovery ?

Mechanical recovery reclaims metals.In a materials recovery facility, mixed solid waste is shredded and passed through machines that sort it by physical properties. Magnetic separators pull out ferrous metals such as steel cans, and eddy current separators throw out non-ferrous metals such as aluminium. Metals are the component most easily and profitably recovered this way.Food waste and leaves and plant debris are biodegradable; they are recovered by biological processing such as composting or anaerobic digestion, not by mechanical separation. Plastics can be sorted, but their many types make mechanical recovery much less effective than for metals.

Q: Which agency has developed a process to produce ceramics from fly ash having superior abrasion resistance ?

The key gives the National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur.The CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory is located at Jamshedpur, Jharkhand. It has worked on using fly ash, the residue of coal-fired power stations, as a raw material for ceramic and other products, and the paper credits it with this process.Options C and D name the same laboratory in the wrong city, Dhanbad (home of CSIR-CIMFR and IIT (ISM)) or Ranchi. The National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, works in chemistry rather than fly-ash ceramics.

Q: Which is performed by physical means and involved separation, wasting griding, remelting and processing plastic wastes ?

The process is mechanical recycling.Mechanical recycling recovers plastics by physical means only. The waste is collected, sorted and separated, washed, ground into flakes, then melted and re-processed (extruded or pelletised) into new products. The polymer's chemical structure is not deliberately changed.Chemical recycling breaks the polymer down into monomers or feedstock by processes such as pyrolysis, gasification or depolymerisation. Thermal recycling usually means energy recovery by burning the plastic. Biological recycling uses microorganisms or enzymes to degrade the plastic. Each of these changes the material chemically, unlike the process described.

Q: Which is NOT a type of plastic wastes degradation which occurs during processing ?

The one that is not a type of degradation is 'Contaminical'.'Contaminical' is not a real term. Contamination of plastic waste is a problem for recycling, but it is not a mode of degradation.The other three are real. Plastics undergo thermal degradation from the heat of melting and extrusion, mechanical degradation from shear forces that break polymer chains during grinding and processing, and chemical degradation, such as oxidation or hydrolysis, often triggered by heat, oxygen or moisture. Repeated processing lowers molecular weight and properties through these mechanisms, which limits how often a plastic can be recycled.

Q: Many plastic components are used as ........ for blast furnaces.

Plastics are used as reducing agents for blast furnaces.A blast furnace reduces iron ore (iron oxides) to iron using carbon and hydrogen from coke. Waste plastics are hydrocarbons, so when injected into the furnace they break down into carbon monoxide and hydrogen, which reduce the ore. Steelmakers in Japan and Germany have used waste plastic injection to replace part of the coke or pulverised coal.A blast furnace needs reduction, not oxidation, so plastics cannot act as oxidising agents. 'Protecting agents' and 'infectious agents' have no role in the process; the last is a biological term.

Which of the following components of solid waste is reclaimed by mechanical recovery ?

A.Food
B.Plastics
C.Leaves and plant debris
D.Metals

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: D

Mechanical recovery reclaims metals.

In a materials recovery facility, mixed solid waste is shredded and passed through machines that sort it by physical properties. Magnetic separators pull out ferrous metals such as steel cans, and eddy current separators throw out non-ferrous metals such as aluminium. Metals are the component most easily and profitably recovered this way.

Food waste and leaves and plant debris are biodegradable; they are recovered by biological processing such as composting or anaerobic digestion, not by mechanical separation. Plastics can be sorted, but their many types make mechanical recovery much less effective than for metals.

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Match the following and select the correct answer from the codes given below :

Method of Waste Management	Process
(a) Sanitary landfill	(i) Removal of larger particles
(b) Incineration	(ii) Conversion of waste into usable items
(c) Recycling	(iii) Burning of waste
(d) Sedimentation	(iv) Burying below earth surface

A.a-i, b-ii, c-iii, d-iv
B.a-iv, b-i, c-ii, d-iii
C.a-iv, b-iii, c-ii, d-i
D.a-ii, b-iv, c-i, d-iii

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: C

The match is a-iv, b-iii, c-ii, d-i.

Sanitary landfill: burying waste below the earth's surface in engineered, lined cells covered with soil.
Incineration: burning waste at high temperature.
Recycling: converting waste into usable items.
Sedimentation: removal of the larger, settleable particles from water.

Option B also starts with landfill as burying, but it pairs incineration with removal of particles and recycling with burning, which are wrong. Options A and D get landfill wrong as well.

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Which agency has developed a process to produce ceramics from fly ash having superior abrasion resistance ?

A.The National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur
B.The National Chemical Laboratory, Pune
C.The National Metallurgical Laboratory, Dhanbad
D.The National Metallurgical Laboratory, Ranchi

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: A

The key gives the National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur.

The CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory is located at Jamshedpur, Jharkhand. It has worked on using fly ash, the residue of coal-fired power stations, as a raw material for ceramic and other products, and the paper credits it with this process.

Options C and D name the same laboratory in the wrong city, Dhanbad (home of CSIR-CIMFR and IIT (ISM)) or Ranchi. The National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, works in chemistry rather than fly-ash ceramics.

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Which is performed by physical means and involved separation, wasting griding, remelting and processing plastic wastes ?

A.Mechanical recycling
B.Chemical recycling
C.Thermal recycling
D.Biological recycling

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: A

The process is mechanical recycling.

Mechanical recycling recovers plastics by physical means only. The waste is collected, sorted and separated, washed, ground into flakes, then melted and re-processed (extruded or pelletised) into new products. The polymer's chemical structure is not deliberately changed.

Chemical recycling breaks the polymer down into monomers or feedstock by processes such as pyrolysis, gasification or depolymerisation. Thermal recycling usually means energy recovery by burning the plastic. Biological recycling uses microorganisms or enzymes to degrade the plastic. Each of these changes the material chemically, unlike the process described.

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Which is NOT a type of plastic wastes degradation which occurs during processing ?

A.Thermal
B.Mechanical
C.Chemical
D.Contaminical

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: D

The one that is not a type of degradation is 'Contaminical'.

'Contaminical' is not a real term. Contamination of plastic waste is a problem for recycling, but it is not a mode of degradation.

The other three are real. Plastics undergo thermal degradation from the heat of melting and extrusion, mechanical degradation from shear forces that break polymer chains during grinding and processing, and chemical degradation, such as oxidation or hydrolysis, often triggered by heat, oxygen or moisture. Repeated processing lowers molecular weight and properties through these mechanisms, which limits how often a plastic can be recycled.

Discuss in Forum

Many plastic components are used as ........ for blast furnaces.

A.reducing agents
B.oxidising agents
C.protecting agents
D.infectious agents

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: A

Plastics are used as reducing agents for blast furnaces.

A blast furnace reduces iron ore (iron oxides) to iron using carbon and hydrogen from coke. Waste plastics are hydrocarbons, so when injected into the furnace they break down into carbon monoxide and hydrogen, which reduce the ore. Steelmakers in Japan and Germany have used waste plastic injection to replace part of the coke or pulverised coal.

A blast furnace needs reduction, not oxidation, so plastics cannot act as oxidising agents. 'Protecting agents' and 'infectious agents' have no role in the process; the last is a biological term.

Discuss in Forum

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