Thinking, Intelligence and Creativity Questions and Answers

181.

Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Indicate your answer using the codes given below :

Assertion (A) : Heritability of intelligence explains variations due to genetics for individuals within a given population.
Reason (R) : Earlier the children from deprived families were adopted, the higher their intelligence score will be.
Codes :

A.Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B.Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C.(A) is true, but (R) is false.
D.(A) is false, but (R) is true.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: B

Both statements are true, but the Reason does not explain the Assertion.

Heritability is an estimate of how much of the variation among individuals in a population is due to genetic differences. It does not apply to a single person, so the Assertion is accepted. Children adopted early from deprived homes tend to score higher, which is also true.

The adoption finding concerns the effect of environment and does not explain what heritability means, so the Reason is not the explanation.

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182.

Which of the following are essential to Spearman's methodology of theory development ?

I. Tetral equation
II. Tetral difference
III. Specific factor
IV. Neurological basis of intelligence
Codes :

A.I, II and III
B.I, III and IV
C.II, III and IV
D.I, II and IV

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: A

The tetrad equation, the tetrad difference and the specific factor are essential to Spearman's methodology.

Spearman's two-factor theory, with a general factor g and specific factors s, was tested by the tetrad equation, in which the tetrad differences of correlations should be zero if g alone is common to the tests. So I, II and III belong to his method.

He proposed no neurological basis for intelligence in this methodology, other than a loose idea of mental energy, so statement IV is not essential, and the options with it are wrong.

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183.

A person after seeing the different colours of water in the sea of Kanyakumari has written a poem. This may be due to

A.Heuristics
B.Imaginal thought
C.Motoric thought
D.Propositional thought

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: D

Writing a poem on seeing the many colours of the sea of Kanyakumari is taken as propositional thought. Here the observed scene is turned into ideas and statements and the relations between them are expressed in words, which is what a poem does.

Heuristics are rule-of-thumb shortcuts for solving problems and judging, which does not describe writing verse. Motoric thought is thinking carried out through movements and actions. Imaginal thought would be the mental picture of the sea itself, whereas the question stresses the composed poem, which is verbal.

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184.

The speech delivered by Ex-Prime Minister of India at UN was enjoyed by delegates. The speech consisted of the formation as

A.Phonemes, Words, Morphemes, Phrases
B.Phonemes, Morphemes, Words, Phrases
C.Morphemes, Phonemes, Words, Phrases
D.Morphemes, Phonemes, Phrases, Words

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: B

Speech is built up in the order phonemes, morphemes, words and phrases. Phonemes are the basic sounds, morphemes are the smallest units of meaning (a word or part of a word), these combine into words, and words into phrases and then sentences.

Putting words before morphemes, or morphemes before phonemes, reverses this hierarchy. A morpheme is made of phonemes and so must follow them, which rules out the options that begin with morphemes.

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185.

Match List - I with List - II and indicate your answer using code given below :

List - I	List - II
a. Inductive Reasoning	1. Analysis and combination of thoughts
b. Bottom-up Processing	2. Interpretation of ideas and concepts
c. Deductive Reasoning	3. Developing a general principle
d. Top-down Processing	4. Using a principle for conclusion

Codes : a b c d

A.1 3 4 2
B.2 1 3 4
C.3 1 4 2
D.4 2 3 1

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: C

Inductive reasoning is developing a general principle (3). Bottom-up processing is analysis and combination of parts to build a whole (1). Deductive reasoning is using a principle to reach a conclusion (4). Top-down processing is interpretation of ideas and concepts using what one knows (2). This gives 3, 1, 4, 2.

Induction and deduction are opposites, going from cases to a rule and from a rule to a case, so giving them the same item is wrong.

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186.

Recent researches show that creativity is correlated with :

1. Intelligence
2. Psychoticism
3. Openness to experience
4. Agreeableness
Codes :

A.1 only
B.1 and 4
C.1, 3 and 4
D.1, 2 and 3

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: D

Recent research links creativity with intelligence, psychoticism and openness to experience. Intelligence is correlated up to a moderate level, Eysenck tied creativity to psychoticism, and openness to experience is the most consistent personality correlate. So 1, 2 and 3 are right.

Agreeableness is not a correlate, as creative people tend to be less conforming. The choices that include 4, or that only list intelligence, are incomplete or wrong.

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187.

Which components of creativity can be measured in the picture construction activity of Torrance Test of Creative Thinking ?

I. Elaboration
II. Fluency
III. Flexibility
IV. Originality
Codes :

A.I and II
B.III and IV
C.I and IV
D.II and III

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: C

The picture construction activity of the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking is scored for elaboration and originality (I and IV). The child builds a picture from a coloured shape, and how much detail is added and how unusual the idea is can be judged.

Fluency and flexibility need many responses in different categories, which the other activities, such as incomplete figures and repeated figures, provide. So the pairs that include fluency or flexibility are wrong for this activity.

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188.

Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R). Indicate your answer using the codes given below :

Assertion (A) : Playing chess requires higher level of cognitive strategy.
Reason (R) : Winning any game needs ability and tricks.
Codes :

A.Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B.Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C.(A) is true, but (R) is false.
D.(A) is false, but (R) is true.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: B

Both statements are true, but R does not explain A. Chess needs planning, foresight and deliberate strategy, which are higher-level cognitive strategies.

R is a general truth about games, that winning needs ability and tricks. It does not account for why chess in particular involves higher-level strategies, so it is not the explanation. The options that call either statement false are wrong.

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189.

Which of the following options is true regarding the relationship between thinking and language ?

A.Real thinking requires the use of language.
B.A thought that cannot be expressed in a particular language cannot occur to speakers of that language.
C.People sometimes think in images rather than in words.
D.A thought is never expressed in language.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: C

It is true that people sometimes think in images rather than words. Visual and spatial thinking, such as picturing a route or an object being turned around, is possible without language.

The claim that real thinking needs language is too strong, and so is the view that a thought that cannot be expressed in a language cannot occur to its speakers, which is the strong form of linguistic determinism. That a thought is never expressed in language is plainly false.

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190.

Which of the following is the best description of Cattell's Concept of Fluid Intelligence ?

A.One's ability to reason speedily and abstractly and it tends to decrease with age in the range of 25-35 years.
B.One's ability to reason speedily and abstractly and it tends to increase with age in the range of 25-35 years.
C.Specific mental abilities which are measured by every task in an intelligence test and increases with age in the range of 5-15 years.
D.Specific mental abilities which are measured by every task in an intelligence test and decrease with age in the range of 5-15 years.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: A

Cattell's fluid intelligence is the ability to reason speedily and abstractly, and it tends to decrease with age, from around the late twenties and thirties, according to the key's range of 25 to 35 years.

The options that say it increases in that range are the opposite of this. The options about specific mental abilities measured by every task and changing between 5 and 15 years do not describe fluid intelligence, which is a general reasoning ability.

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