Trace Evidence Examination Questions and Answers

Q: Pedologist are the scientist who study :

Pedologists are scientists who study soil.Pedology (from the Greek pedon, soil or ground) is the study of soil in its natural setting: its formation, classification, layers and properties. Forensic soil examination draws on it to compare samples from a suspect's shoes or vehicle with a crime scene.Glass, dyes and paint are studied by other specialists in trace evidence. The word should not be confused with paedology, the study of children.

Q: Moh's scale is used to measure :

Mohs' scale is used to measure hardness.Devised by Friedrich Mohs in 1812, the scale ranks minerals from 1 (talc) to 10 (diamond) by their resistance to scratching: a mineral scratches any below it on the scale. Forensic examiners use hardness in comparing minerals and soil particles.Thickness, conductivity and density are measured by other methods, such as micrometers, conductivity meters and density gradient tubes. Mohs' scale is purely a hardness scale.

Q: The scientific name of Chiru is :

The chiru is Pantholops hodgsonii.The chiru, or Tibetan antelope, lives on the Tibetan plateau and in Ladakh. Its fine underwool is woven into shahtoosh shawls, for which it was poached heavily; trade in shahtoosh is banned, and forensic labs identify chiru hair in seized shawls.Antilope cervicapra is the blackbuck, Capra aegagrus the wild goat, and Vulpes bengalensis the Bengal (Indian) fox.

Q: Which of the following are examples of red-coloured inorganic household paint pigments ?(a) BON maroon(b) Brominated anthanthrone(c) Cadmium mercury(d) Cadmium selenideChoose the correct answer from the options given below :

The red inorganic pigments are (c) and (d) only.Cadmium pigments are inorganic: cadmium mercury red (cadmium sulphide with mercury sulphide) and cadmium selenide red (cadmium sulphoselenide) give bright, stable reds and maroons. In paint analysis, the elements cadmium, mercury and selenium detected by XRF or SEM-EDX identify them.BON maroon (a metal salt of beta-oxynaphthoic acid) and brominated anthanthrone (Pigment Red 168) are organic pigments, so options including (a) or (b) are wrong.

Q: Which of the following ASTM guidelines are for examination of portland cement clinker ?(a) ASTM C 114-18(b) ASTM C 1356-07(c) ASTM C 1365-18(d) ASTM C 1872-1892Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

The clinker standards are (b) and (c) only.ASTM C1356 is the test method for the quantitative determination of phases in Portland cement clinker by microscopical point-count procedure, and ASTM C1365 covers determining the proportion of phases in Portland cement and Portland cement clinker by X-ray powder diffraction. Both examine clinker directly.ASTM C114 is the standard for the chemical analysis of hydraulic cement, not an examination of clinker phases, and 'C 1872-1892' is not a valid standard designation, so options including (a) or (d) are wrong.

Q: Among the following, select which is a regenerated fibre ?

The regenerated fibre is rayon.Regenerated fibres are made by dissolving a natural polymer and then re-forming it as a fibre. Rayon (viscose) is made from wood pulp cellulose dissolved and extruded through spinnerets, so it is chemically cellulose but manufactured, between natural and synthetic fibres.Sericin is the gummy protein that coats natural silk, not a fibre type. Nylon is a fully synthetic polyamide made from petrochemicals. 'Second growth milk' is not a recognised fibre, though casein from milk can be regenerated into protein fibres.

Q: Abnormal situations of hair growth where excessive growth of hair take place are :(a) Hirsutism(b) Alopecia(c) Hypertrichosis(d) HypotrichosisChoose the correct answer from the options given below :

Excessive hair growth occurs in (a) and (c) only: hirsutism and hypertrichosis.Hirsutism is excessive male-pattern hair growth in women, on the face, chest and back, usually from raised androgens. Hypertrichosis is excessive hair growth anywhere on the body, beyond what is normal for age, sex and race, and is not androgen-dependent.Alopecia is loss of hair, and hypotrichosis is congenitally reduced hair growth. Both are the opposite of excessive growth, so options containing (b) or (d) are wrong.

Q: Which of the following constituent of borosilicate glass exists in the highest percentage ?

The highest percentage is \(\mathrm{SiO_{2}}\).Borosilicate glass, such as Pyrex or laboratory glassware, is typically about 80% silica (\(\mathrm{SiO_{2}}\)), about 13% boron trioxide (\(\mathrm{B_{2}O_{3}}\)), about 4% sodium oxide and about 2% aluminium oxide (\(\mathrm{Al_{2}O_{3}}\)). The boron oxide lowers thermal expansion and so gives the glass its resistance to heat shock.Boron trioxide is what distinguishes borosilicate glass, but it is the second component, not the largest. Alumina is a minor constituent, and calcium oxide, a main component of ordinary soda-lime glass, is almost absent from borosilicate glass.

Q: The larger valve of frustule of a diatom is known as :

The larger valve is the epitheca.A diatom's silica cell wall, the frustule, consists of two overlapping halves like the lid and base of a box. The larger upper half is the epitheca and the smaller lower half, which fits inside it, is the hypotheca. They are joined by girdle bands, the cingulum.'Hypertheca' is not a term used for diatoms. The hypotheca is the smaller valve, and the cingulum (spelled 'Cingalum' in the paper) is the girdle that joins the two, not a valve.

Q: Pollen grains having only colpi is known as :

Pollen with only colpi is called colpate.Pollen grains are classified by their apertures. Colpi are elongated, furrow-like apertures, and pores are round ones. A grain with only colpi is colpate (for example tricolpate), a grain with only pores is porate, and a grain whose colpi each contain a pore is colporate.'Colpitute' is not a palynological term. The distinctions matter in forensic palynology, where the aperture type helps identify the plant a pollen grain came from.

41.

Pedologist are the scientist who study :

A.Glass
B.Dyes
C.Soil
D.Paint

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: C

Pedologists are scientists who study soil.

Pedology (from the Greek pedon, soil or ground) is the study of soil in its natural setting: its formation, classification, layers and properties. Forensic soil examination draws on it to compare samples from a suspect's shoes or vehicle with a crime scene.

Glass, dyes and paint are studied by other specialists in trace evidence. The word should not be confused with paedology, the study of children.

Discuss in Forum

42.

Moh's scale is used to measure :

A.Thickness
B.Hardness
C.Conductivity
D.Density

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: B

Mohs' scale is used to measure hardness.

Devised by Friedrich Mohs in 1812, the scale ranks minerals from 1 (talc) to 10 (diamond) by their resistance to scratching: a mineral scratches any below it on the scale. Forensic examiners use hardness in comparing minerals and soil particles.

Thickness, conductivity and density are measured by other methods, such as micrometers, conductivity meters and density gradient tubes. Mohs' scale is purely a hardness scale.

Discuss in Forum

43.

The scientific name of Chiru is :

A.Antilope cervicapra
B.Pantholops hodgsonii
C.Capra aegagrus
D.Vulpes bengalensis

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: B

The chiru is Pantholops hodgsonii.

The chiru, or Tibetan antelope, lives on the Tibetan plateau and in Ladakh. Its fine underwool is woven into shahtoosh shawls, for which it was poached heavily; trade in shahtoosh is banned, and forensic labs identify chiru hair in seized shawls.

Antilope cervicapra is the blackbuck, Capra aegagrus the wild goat, and Vulpes bengalensis the Bengal (Indian) fox.

Discuss in Forum

44.

Which of the following are examples of red-coloured inorganic household paint pigments ?

(a) BON maroon
(b) Brominated anthanthrone
(c) Cadmium mercury
(d) Cadmium selenide

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

A.(a) and (b) only
B.(b) and (c) only
C.(a) and (d) only
D.(c) and (d) only

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: D

The red inorganic pigments are (c) and (d) only.

Cadmium pigments are inorganic: cadmium mercury red (cadmium sulphide with mercury sulphide) and cadmium selenide red (cadmium sulphoselenide) give bright, stable reds and maroons. In paint analysis, the elements cadmium, mercury and selenium detected by XRF or SEM-EDX identify them.

BON maroon (a metal salt of beta-oxynaphthoic acid) and brominated anthanthrone (Pigment Red 168) are organic pigments, so options including (a) or (b) are wrong.

Discuss in Forum

45.

Which of the following ASTM guidelines are for examination of portland cement clinker ?

(a) ASTM C 114-18
(b) ASTM C 1356-07
(c) ASTM C 1365-18
(d) ASTM C 1872-1892

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

A.(a) and (b) only
B.(b) and (c) only
C.(c) and (d) only
D.(a) and (d) only

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: B

The clinker standards are (b) and (c) only.

ASTM C1356 is the test method for the quantitative determination of phases in Portland cement clinker by microscopical point-count procedure, and ASTM C1365 covers determining the proportion of phases in Portland cement and Portland cement clinker by X-ray powder diffraction. Both examine clinker directly.

ASTM C114 is the standard for the chemical analysis of hydraulic cement, not an examination of clinker phases, and 'C 1872-1892' is not a valid standard designation, so options including (a) or (d) are wrong.

Discuss in Forum

46.

Among the following, select which is a regenerated fibre ?

A.Rayon
B.Sericin
C.Nylon
D.Second growth milk

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: A

The regenerated fibre is rayon.

Regenerated fibres are made by dissolving a natural polymer and then re-forming it as a fibre. Rayon (viscose) is made from wood pulp cellulose dissolved and extruded through spinnerets, so it is chemically cellulose but manufactured, between natural and synthetic fibres.

Sericin is the gummy protein that coats natural silk, not a fibre type. Nylon is a fully synthetic polyamide made from petrochemicals. 'Second growth milk' is not a recognised fibre, though casein from milk can be regenerated into protein fibres.

Discuss in Forum

47.

Abnormal situations of hair growth where excessive growth of hair take place are :

(a) Hirsutism
(b) Alopecia
(c) Hypertrichosis
(d) Hypotrichosis

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

A.(a) and (b) only
B.(b) and (c) only
C.(a) and (c) only
D.(c) and (d) only

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: C

Excessive hair growth occurs in (a) and (c) only: hirsutism and hypertrichosis.

Hirsutism is excessive male-pattern hair growth in women, on the face, chest and back, usually from raised androgens. Hypertrichosis is excessive hair growth anywhere on the body, beyond what is normal for age, sex and race, and is not androgen-dependent.

Alopecia is loss of hair, and hypotrichosis is congenitally reduced hair growth. Both are the opposite of excessive growth, so options containing (b) or (d) are wrong.

Discuss in Forum

48.

Which of the following constituent of borosilicate glass exists in the highest percentage ?

A.\(\mathrm{SiO_{2}}\)
B.\(\mathrm{B_{2}O_{3}}\)
C.\(\mathrm{Al_{2}O_{3}}\)
D.CaO

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: A

The highest percentage is \(\mathrm{SiO_{2}}\).

Borosilicate glass, such as Pyrex or laboratory glassware, is typically about 80% silica (\(\mathrm{SiO_{2}}\)), about 13% boron trioxide (\(\mathrm{B_{2}O_{3}}\)), about 4% sodium oxide and about 2% aluminium oxide (\(\mathrm{Al_{2}O_{3}}\)). The boron oxide lowers thermal expansion and so gives the glass its resistance to heat shock.

Boron trioxide is what distinguishes borosilicate glass, but it is the second component, not the largest. Alumina is a minor constituent, and calcium oxide, a main component of ordinary soda-lime glass, is almost absent from borosilicate glass.

Discuss in Forum

49.

The larger valve of frustule of a diatom is known as :

A.Hypertheca
B.Hypotheca
C.Epitheca
D.Cingalum

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: C

The larger valve is the epitheca.

A diatom's silica cell wall, the frustule, consists of two overlapping halves like the lid and base of a box. The larger upper half is the epitheca and the smaller lower half, which fits inside it, is the hypotheca. They are joined by girdle bands, the cingulum.

'Hypertheca' is not a term used for diatoms. The hypotheca is the smaller valve, and the cingulum (spelled 'Cingalum' in the paper) is the girdle that joins the two, not a valve.

Discuss in Forum

50.

Pollen grains having only colpi is known as :

A.Porate
B.Colpate
C.Colporate
D.Colpitute

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: B

Pollen with only colpi is called colpate.

Pollen grains are classified by their apertures. Colpi are elongated, furrow-like apertures, and pores are round ones. A grain with only colpi is colpate (for example tricolpate), a grain with only pores is porate, and a grain whose colpi each contain a pore is colporate.

'Colpitute' is not a palynological term. The distinctions matter in forensic palynology, where the aperture type helps identify the plant a pollen grain came from.

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