World Trade Organisation Questions and Answers

Q: When did the World Trade Organization come into force ?

The World Trade Organization came into force in 1995.The WTO was created by the Marrakesh Agreement, signed in April 1994 at the end of the Uruguay Round of negotiations under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). It came into being on 1 January 1995, replacing the GATT as the institution governing world trade.1992 falls during the Uruguay Round itself, while 1998 and 2000 are years after the WTO already existed, so none of those is the year it came into force.

Q: Which one of the following is not the principal organ of World Trade Organisation ?

The one that is not a principal organ of the WTO is the General Bureau.The WTO's structure is set by the Marrakesh Agreement: the Ministerial Conference at the top, the General Council (which also meets as the Dispute Settlement Body and the Trade Policy Review Body), and below it the Councils for Trade in Goods, Trade in Services and TRIPS.There is no WTO organ called the General Bureau. The Council for Trade in Goods and the Ministerial Conference are real organs, and the trade policy review body is too, although the paper calls it a 'Board'.

Q: Who was the first Director General of World Trade Organization ?

The first Director General of the WTO was Peter Sutherland.Peter Sutherland, the last Director General of GATT, led the conclusion of the Uruguay Round and became the first Director General of the World Trade Organization when it came into being on 1 January 1995, serving until May 1995. Renato Ruggiero then served the first full term.Mike Moore (1999-2002), Pascal Lamy (2005-2013) and Roberto Azevedo (2013-2020, printed 'Azvedo') were later Directors General.

Q: The procedure of WTO dispute settlement is known as ................ .

It is known as the Dispute Settlement Understanding.The Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes (the DSU), Annex 2 of the WTO Agreement of 1994, sets out the WTO's dispute procedure: consultations, panels, the Appellate Body, and implementation and retaliation, administered by the Dispute Settlement Body.Arbitration is one optional route under Article 25 of the DSU and conciliation is offered under Article 5, but neither names the procedure as a whole. The General Council is the WTO's main decision-making body between ministerial conferences, which sits as the Dispute Settlement Body for disputes.

Q: The World Trade Organisation is the successor to which multilateral treaty ?

The WTO succeeded the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.GATT, signed in 1947, governed world trade for nearly fifty years without being a formal organisation. Its last negotiating round, the Uruguay Round (1986-1994), created the World Trade Organization, which began on 1 January 1995 and absorbed GATT 1994 as one of its agreements.The Marrakesh Agreement (printed 'Marrkesh') is the treaty that established the WTO, not the treaty it succeeded. The Uruguay Round is the negotiation that produced it, and the Doha Declaration of 2001 launched a later WTO round.

Q: Identify the organization which does not have trade related objectives ?

The organisation without trade-related objectives is the Economic and Social Council.The World Trade Organization exists to regulate international trade. The Articles of Agreement of the IMF and the World Bank both name the balanced growth of international trade among their purposes. ECOSOC, under Chapter X of the UN Charter, coordinates the UN's economic, social, cultural, educational and health work and makes recommendations; trade is not among its stated objectives.So the three Bretton Woods and trade bodies are ruled out, leaving ECOSOC.

Q: In the year 1994, India signed the Dunkel Agreement constructed in .......... .

The Dunkel Agreement came from the 8th Round, Uruguay.The Dunkel Draft, prepared in 1991 by Arthur Dunkel, Director-General of GATT, was the draft final act of the Uruguay Round (1986 to 1994), the eighth round of multilateral trade negotiations. It was signed at Marrakesh in April 1994, creating the World Trade Organization and agreements such as TRIPS.The Kennedy Round (1964 to 1967) was the sixth and the Tokyo Round (1973 to 1979) the seventh. A Geneva round was held long before Uruguay.

When did the World Trade Organization come into force ?

A.1992
B.1995
C.1998
D.2000

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: B

The World Trade Organization came into force in 1995.

The WTO was created by the Marrakesh Agreement, signed in April 1994 at the end of the Uruguay Round of negotiations under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). It came into being on 1 January 1995, replacing the GATT as the institution governing world trade.

1992 falls during the Uruguay Round itself, while 1998 and 2000 are years after the WTO already existed, so none of those is the year it came into force.

Discuss in Forum

Which one of the following is not the principal organ of World Trade Organisation ?

A.General Bureau
B.Council for trade in goods
C.The Trade Policy Review Board
D.Ministerial Conference

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: A

The one that is not a principal organ of the WTO is the General Bureau.

The WTO's structure is set by the Marrakesh Agreement: the Ministerial Conference at the top, the General Council (which also meets as the Dispute Settlement Body and the Trade Policy Review Body), and below it the Councils for Trade in Goods, Trade in Services and TRIPS.

There is no WTO organ called the General Bureau. The Council for Trade in Goods and the Ministerial Conference are real organs, and the trade policy review body is too, although the paper calls it a 'Board'.

Discuss in Forum

Who was the first Director General of World Trade Organization ?

A.Mike Moore
B.Roberto Azvedo
C.Pascal Lamy
D.Peter Sutherland

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: D

The first Director General of the WTO was Peter Sutherland.

Peter Sutherland, the last Director General of GATT, led the conclusion of the Uruguay Round and became the first Director General of the World Trade Organization when it came into being on 1 January 1995, serving until May 1995. Renato Ruggiero then served the first full term.

Mike Moore (1999-2002), Pascal Lamy (2005-2013) and Roberto Azevedo (2013-2020, printed 'Azvedo') were later Directors General.

Discuss in Forum

The procedure of WTO dispute settlement is known as ................ .

A.WTO arbitration
B.WTO conciliation
C.Dispute settlement understanding
D.WTO General Council

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2021, SET Exam - 2021,

Answer: C

It is known as the Dispute Settlement Understanding.

The Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes (the DSU), Annex 2 of the WTO Agreement of 1994, sets out the WTO's dispute procedure: consultations, panels, the Appellate Body, and implementation and retaliation, administered by the Dispute Settlement Body.

Arbitration is one optional route under Article 25 of the DSU and conciliation is offered under Article 5, but neither names the procedure as a whole. The General Council is the WTO's main decision-making body between ministerial conferences, which sits as the Dispute Settlement Body for disputes.

Discuss in Forum

The World Trade Organisation is the successor to which multilateral treaty ?

A.Marrkesh Agreement
B.Doha Declaration
C.General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
D.Uruguay Round

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: C

The WTO succeeded the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.

GATT, signed in 1947, governed world trade for nearly fifty years without being a formal organisation. Its last negotiating round, the Uruguay Round (1986-1994), created the World Trade Organization, which began on 1 January 1995 and absorbed GATT 1994 as one of its agreements.

The Marrakesh Agreement (printed 'Marrkesh') is the treaty that established the WTO, not the treaty it succeeded. The Uruguay Round is the negotiation that produced it, and the Doha Declaration of 2001 launched a later WTO round.

Discuss in Forum

Identify the organization which does not have trade related objectives ?

A.The World Bank
B.International Monetary Fund
C.World Trade Organization
D.Economic and Social Council

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: D

The organisation without trade-related objectives is the Economic and Social Council.

The World Trade Organization exists to regulate international trade. The Articles of Agreement of the IMF and the World Bank both name the balanced growth of international trade among their purposes. ECOSOC, under Chapter X of the UN Charter, coordinates the UN's economic, social, cultural, educational and health work and makes recommendations; trade is not among its stated objectives.

So the three Bretton Woods and trade bodies are ruled out, leaving ECOSOC.

Discuss in Forum

In the year 1994, India signed the Dunkel Agreement constructed in .......... .

A.8th Round-Uruguay
B.4th Round-Geneva
C.6th Round-Kennedy
D.7th Round-Tokyo

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: A

The Dunkel Agreement came from the 8th Round, Uruguay.

The Dunkel Draft, prepared in 1991 by Arthur Dunkel, Director-General of GATT, was the draft final act of the Uruguay Round (1986 to 1994), the eighth round of multilateral trade negotiations. It was signed at Marrakesh in April 1994, creating the World Trade Organization and agreements such as TRIPS.

The Kennedy Round (1964 to 1967) was the sixth and the Tokyo Round (1973 to 1979) the seventh. A Geneva round was held long before Uruguay.

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