Learner and Learning Process Questions and Answers

Q: Hemant has collection of 1200 words, he himself can wear his socks, he himself can eat, then what will be his minimum age ?

Hemant's minimum age is about three and a half years.Vocabulary norms for young children, such as M.E. Smith's classic counts, put a child at about 900 words at three years and about 1,200 words at three and a half. Putting on socks and feeding oneself are also self-help skills that develop by about three years.At one year a child has only a few words, and at two years a few hundred, so those options are too young. By five years vocabulary runs to about 2,000 words or more, so five is well above the minimum.

Q: Ramesh always in search of Idol, he always criticises traditions, then he belongs to ..................... stage of development.

Ramesh belongs to the adolescent stage.Adolescence is the period when young people search for ideals and role models (idols), question authority and challenge tradition while forming their own identity. Erikson called its central task identity versus role confusion, and the ability to think abstractly about ideals emerges at this stage.In early and later childhood children mostly accept parents' and teachers' rules. Adults usually have a settled identity and are less driven by hero-worship and wholesale rejection of tradition.

Q: Spearman's theory of intelligence may be explained with the following equation :where :G - General factorS - Specific factorPMA - Primary mental abilities

The key gives option A, I = G + (S1 + S2 + S3 + ... + Sn).Spearman's two-factor theory says every mental performance draws on a general factor, G, shared by all tasks, and a specific factor, S, belonging to that task alone. Written out for a person's whole intelligence, general intelligence is added to the sum of the specific abilities, which is what option A shows. Student-level sources give the same additive picture, though it is a teaching shorthand and Spearman himself worked with factor loadings.Option B counts G again with every specific factor, which is not the theory. Option C, with PMA 1 to 8, is Thurstone's primary mental abilities, a multi-factor view. Option D has only specific factors and no G, so it leaves out the very factor Spearman is known for.

Q: In information processing theory of intelligence, the following is the last step of information processing :

The last step is the response.In Sternberg's information-processing (componential) account of intelligence, solving a problem such as an analogy runs through a sequence: encoding the terms, inferring relations, mapping, applying the relation, justifying, and finally responding.Encoding is the first step, not the last. Application comes before the response. 'Decoding' is not a step in this model.

Q: Skinner gives more importance .................... in learning.

Skinner gives more importance to the response.In operant conditioning the organism first emits a response, and its consequence (reinforcement or punishment) changes how often the response occurs. Skinner called this type R conditioning to distinguish it from Pavlov's type S, where the stimulus elicits the response.So the stimulus is central to classical, not operant, conditioning. Skinner did not study internal processes, and 'behaviour' is too general, since operant conditioning focuses on a specific emitted response and its reinforcement.

Q: Brever while defining guidance, he gives importance to ............... .

The key gives self-guidance.Course handouts credit J. M. Brewer with defining guidance as a process by which an individual is able to guide himself, or to solve his own problems and follow a path suited to his abilities. The emphasis is on the person's own effort, which is self-guidance. I could only find this in student notes and slides, not in Brewer's own text, so the attribution is as reliable as those notes.Interaction with others and adjustment are stressed in other definitions of guidance, and 'purpose' is not the stress of Brewer's definition in the notes I found, so B, C and D are the weaker choices.

Q: Which of the following statements is wrong in respect to counselling ?

The wrong statement is that in counselling there is no need of face to face interaction.Counselling is traditionally defined as a face-to-face relationship between a counsellor and a counsellee, in which trust and rapport are built through direct, personal interaction. Even online counselling tries to recreate that person-to-person contact.The other three statements are standard features: counselling is an interactive process, it is meaningful and purposeful, and its aim is to help the counsellee solve problems and become self-reliant.

Q: Arrange the steps of thinking in their normal sequence :(i) Collecting relevant facts(ii) Testing the hypothesis(iii) Drawing conclusions(iv) Sensing a difficulty(v) Identifying the problem(vi) Formulating possible hypothesisChoose the most correct answer from the options given below :

The sequence is (iv)-(v)-(i)-(vi)-(ii)-(iii).This follows John Dewey's steps of reflective thinking:Sensing a difficulty (iv)Identifying and defining the problem (v)Collecting relevant facts (i)Formulating possible hypotheses (vi)Testing the hypotheses (ii)Drawing conclusions (iii)The other options start by identifying the problem before any difficulty has been felt, or begin with fact-collecting, and two of them place conclusions or the difficulty at the end.

Q: Management and monitoring, assessment of learning needs, collaboration and self-evaluation are components of ................. .

These are components of self-directed learning.In self-directed learning, the learner takes the initiative: diagnosing learning needs, setting goals, managing and monitoring the learning process, using resources and collaborating with others, and evaluating outcomes. Garrison's model, for example, describes self-management, self-monitoring and motivation as its dimensions.Self-determined learning (heutagogy) is a related idea centred on learner autonomy in deciding what and how to learn, but the component list given is the standard description of self-directed learning. 'Self-defined' and 'self-derived' learning are not established terms.

71.

Hemant has collection of 1200 words, he himself can wear his socks, he himself can eat, then what will be his minimum age ?

A.One year
B.Two years
C.Three and half years
D.Five years

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: C

Hemant's minimum age is about three and a half years.

Vocabulary norms for young children, such as M.E. Smith's classic counts, put a child at about 900 words at three years and about 1,200 words at three and a half. Putting on socks and feeding oneself are also self-help skills that develop by about three years.

At one year a child has only a few words, and at two years a few hundred, so those options are too young. By five years vocabulary runs to about 2,000 words or more, so five is well above the minimum.

Discuss in Forum

72.

Ramesh always in search of Idol, he always criticises traditions, then he belongs to ..................... stage of development.

A.Pre-childhood
B.Post-childhood
C.Adolescent
D.Adult

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: C

Ramesh belongs to the adolescent stage.

Adolescence is the period when young people search for ideals and role models (idols), question authority and challenge tradition while forming their own identity. Erikson called its central task identity versus role confusion, and the ability to think abstractly about ideals emerges at this stage.

In early and later childhood children mostly accept parents' and teachers' rules. Adults usually have a settled identity and are less driven by hero-worship and wholesale rejection of tradition.

Discuss in Forum

73.

Spearman's theory of intelligence may be explained with the following equation :

where :
G - General factor
S - Specific factor
PMA - Primary mental abilities

A.I = G + (S1 + S2 + S3 + ..... Sn)
B.I = (G + S1) + (G + S2) + (G + S3) + ...... (G + Sn)
C.I = [PMA1 + PMA2 + PMA3 + ........ PMA8]
D.I = S1 + S2 + S3 + ...... Sn

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: A

The key gives option A, I = G + (S1 + S2 + S3 + ... + Sn).

Spearman's two-factor theory says every mental performance draws on a general factor, G, shared by all tasks, and a specific factor, S, belonging to that task alone. Written out for a person's whole intelligence, general intelligence is added to the sum of the specific abilities, which is what option A shows. Student-level sources give the same additive picture, though it is a teaching shorthand and Spearman himself worked with factor loadings.

Option B counts G again with every specific factor, which is not the theory. Option C, with PMA 1 to 8, is Thurstone's primary mental abilities, a multi-factor view. Option D has only specific factors and no G, so it leaves out the very factor Spearman is known for.

Discuss in Forum

74.

In information processing theory of intelligence, the following is the last step of information processing :

A.Decoding
B.Encoding
C.Response
D.Application

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: C

The last step is the response.

In Sternberg's information-processing (componential) account of intelligence, solving a problem such as an analogy runs through a sequence: encoding the terms, inferring relations, mapping, applying the relation, justifying, and finally responding.

Encoding is the first step, not the last. Application comes before the response. 'Decoding' is not a step in this model.

Discuss in Forum

75.

.................. is not the important supportive component for problem solving.

A.Guide
B.Motivation
C.Intelligence
D.Practice

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: D

The component that is not important for problem solving is a guide.

Problem solving depends on the learner's own resources: motivation to persist, intelligence to analyse and reason, and practice, which builds skill and transfer. These are internal supports that the person brings to the task.

A guide is external help. It may make a task easier, but problem solving in the psychological sense is defined by the learner working out a solution independently, so a guide is not one of its essential supportive components.

Discuss in Forum

76.

Skinner gives more importance .................... in learning.

A.stimulus
B.response
C.process
D.behaviour

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: B

Skinner gives more importance to the response.

In operant conditioning the organism first emits a response, and its consequence (reinforcement or punishment) changes how often the response occurs. Skinner called this type R conditioning to distinguish it from Pavlov's type S, where the stimulus elicits the response.

So the stimulus is central to classical, not operant, conditioning. Skinner did not study internal processes, and 'behaviour' is too general, since operant conditioning focuses on a specific emitted response and its reinforcement.

Discuss in Forum

77.

Brever while defining guidance, he gives importance to ............... .

A.self-guidance
B.interactions with others
C.purpose
D.adjustment

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: A

The key gives self-guidance.

Course handouts credit J. M. Brewer with defining guidance as a process by which an individual is able to guide himself, or to solve his own problems and follow a path suited to his abilities. The emphasis is on the person's own effort, which is self-guidance. I could only find this in student notes and slides, not in Brewer's own text, so the attribution is as reliable as those notes.

Interaction with others and adjustment are stressed in other definitions of guidance, and 'purpose' is not the stress of Brewer's definition in the notes I found, so B, C and D are the weaker choices.

Discuss in Forum

78.

Which of the following statements is wrong in respect to counselling ?

A.Counselling is interactive process
B.Counselling is meaningful process
C.In counselling there is no need of face to face interaction
D.Purpose of counselling is to solve the problems of counsellee

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: C

The wrong statement is that in counselling there is no need of face to face interaction.

Counselling is traditionally defined as a face-to-face relationship between a counsellor and a counsellee, in which trust and rapport are built through direct, personal interaction. Even online counselling tries to recreate that person-to-person contact.

The other three statements are standard features: counselling is an interactive process, it is meaningful and purposeful, and its aim is to help the counsellee solve problems and become self-reliant.

Discuss in Forum

79.

Arrange the steps of thinking in their normal sequence :

(i) Collecting relevant facts
(ii) Testing the hypothesis
(iii) Drawing conclusions
(iv) Sensing a difficulty
(v) Identifying the problem
(vi) Formulating possible hypothesis

Choose the most correct answer from the options given below :

A.(v)-(i)-(vi)-(ii)-(iv)-(iii)
B.(v)-(iv)-(i)-(vi)-(ii)-(iii)
C.(iv)-(v)-(i)-(vi)-(ii)-(iii)
D.(i)-(vi)-(ii)-(v)-(iii)-(iv)

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: C

The sequence is (iv)-(v)-(i)-(vi)-(ii)-(iii).

This follows John Dewey's steps of reflective thinking:

Sensing a difficulty (iv)
Identifying and defining the problem (v)
Collecting relevant facts (i)
Formulating possible hypotheses (vi)
Testing the hypotheses (ii)
Drawing conclusions (iii)

The other options start by identifying the problem before any difficulty has been felt, or begin with fact-collecting, and two of them place conclusions or the difficulty at the end.

Discuss in Forum

80.

Management and monitoring, assessment of learning needs, collaboration and self-evaluation are components of ................. .

A.Self-Directed Learning
B.Self-Defined Learning
C.Self-Determined Learning
D.Self-Derived Learning

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: A

These are components of self-directed learning.

In self-directed learning, the learner takes the initiative: diagnosing learning needs, setting goals, managing and monitoring the learning process, using resources and collaborating with others, and evaluating outcomes. Garrison's model, for example, describes self-management, self-monitoring and motivation as its dimensions.

Self-determined learning (heutagogy) is a related idea centred on learner autonomy in deciding what and how to learn, but the component list given is the standard description of self-directed learning. 'Self-defined' and 'self-derived' learning are not established terms.

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