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World History Questions and Answers

Direction for [ Question No: 1 To 5 ] :

Read the following passage and answer the following five questions :

The most vicious system of racial oppression was set up in South Africa. The system of racial segregation, called apartheid, was enforced in the country by the Government of the White minority led by Daniel Malan, who came to power in 1948, and by the successive Governments. The non-Whites, over 80 per cent of the population, were denied the right to vote, strikes were banned, Africans were deported from some specified areas, education was segregated, mixed marriages were declared illegal (and immoral) and all dissent was banned under what was called the Suppression of Communism Act. Some of the greatest works of world literature, and not just political writings, were banned under the Suppression of Communism Act. Strict restrictions were imposed on the movement of Africans and they were required to carry a pass permitting them to do so. South Africa left the Commonwealth when the policy of apartheid came under attack at the conference of the Prime Ministers of Commonwealth countries.

1.

Anti apartheid movement in South Africa was led by

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

The anti-apartheid movement in South Africa was led by the African National Congress, which was founded in 1912 and led the struggle with leaders such as Albert Luthuli, Oliver Tambo and Nelson Mandela.

The African Peoples Party, Peoples Unity Front and National Congress of Africa are not the main body of the struggle named in the passage's context or in the history of the movement. The party was banned in 1960 after the Sharpeville massacre, and it conducted the armed struggle through its wing Umkhonto we Sizwe from 1961.

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2.

"The Freedom Charter" was adopted by the Congress of the People in the year

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

The Freedom Charter was adopted by the Congress of the People at Kliptown, near Johannesburg, in 1955, and set out the principles of a democratic and non-racial South Africa: the people shall govern and all national groups shall have equal rights.

The passage mentions 1948 as the year the Malan government came to power, 1954 is a year earlier than the Congress, and 1990 is the year Mandela was released.

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3.

What was not the aim of the 'Suppression of Communism Act" passed by the Racist regime of South Africa ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

The aim that the Suppression of Communism Act did not have was to placate the capitalist countries to support the apartheid regime. The passage says the Act banned all dissent and was used against writers and activists, so it aimed to curb dissent and to impose social restrictions on the Black population, while the system of apartheid segregated the Black and White populations.

The passage nowhere says it was passed to win the support of capitalist states, so that option is the one that was not its aim. The other three options match the passage.

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4.

First ever democratic elections in South Africa were won by Nelson Mandela in the year

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

The first democratic elections in South Africa, open to all races, were held in April 1994 and were won by the African National Congress under Nelson Mandela, who became President in May 1994.

1989 and 1991 precede the elections, and 1996 is the year the new Constitution was adopted. Mandela had been released in 1990. The elections were held from 26 to 29 April 1994, the African National Congress won a clear majority, and Mandela was inaugurated as President on 10 May 1994.

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5.

The Government headed by Nelson Mandela was known as

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

The government headed by Nelson Mandela was known as the Government of National Unity, formed in 1994 with the African National Congress, the National Party and the Inkatha Freedom Party sharing power for a transitional period.

It was not described as a government of the African people, of the Black people or of free people; those phrases do not name the coalition. Under the interim Constitution the party winning at least 20 seats in the National Assembly could take a Deputy Presidency, so F.W. de Klerk of the National Party became one of the two Deputy Presidents.

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6.

Which one of the following events is related with the 2nd World War period (1939-45)?

Exam Year(s)

Kerala PSC KAS - 2020,

Answer: C

The event of the Second World War period is Operation Barbarossa.

Operation Barbarossa was Nazi Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union, launched on 22 June 1941. It opened the eastern front, the largest theatre of the war.

The Moroccan crises of 1905 and 1911 were Franco-German disputes before the First World War. The Zimmermann Telegram of 1917, in which Germany proposed an alliance with Mexico, helped bring the United States into the First World War. The Berlin Blockade of 1948-49 was an early crisis of the Cold War, after the Second World War ended.

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7.

Consider the following pairs:

IdeasIdeology
1. NATOCapitalism
2. SEATOCommunism
3. NAMNeo-Colonialism
4. AUTARKYInternational Trade

Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

Exam Year(s)

Kerala PSC KAS - 2020,

Answer: C

Only the first pair is correctly matched, so the answer is 1 only.

NATO (1949) was the Western alliance of capitalist democracies led by the United States, so pairing it with capitalism is correct.

The other three pairs are wrong. SEATO (1954) was an alliance formed to contain communism in South-East Asia. The Non-Aligned Movement opposed colonialism and neo-colonialism rather than standing for it. Autarky means economic self-sufficiency, the opposite of dependence on international trade.

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8.

Consider the following statements:

1. The process of victory of anti-colonial struggles and achievement of freedom by colonies came to be known as decolonisation.
2. These struggles were won only by means of force and violence.
3. Anti-colonial struggles achieved their first success in Africa and then in Asia.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Exam Year(s)

Kerala PSC KAS - 2020,

Answer: B

Only the first statement is correct, so the answer is 1 only.

Statement 1 gives the standard definition: decolonisation is the process by which anti-colonial struggles succeeded and colonies won their freedom.

Statement 2 is wrong: many struggles were won largely by peaceful mass movements and negotiation, India's being the leading example, though some, such as Algeria's and Vietnam's, involved long wars. Statement 3 reverses the order: the first major successes came in Asia, with India, Pakistan, Burma, Sri Lanka and Indonesia in the late 1940s, and most African countries became independent in the late 1950s and 1960s.

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9.

Consider the following statements:

1. The International Labour Organization (ILO) was established after the 1st World War to secure social justice.
2. The ILO was part of the Treaty of Versailles of 1919.
3. The ILO became the first specialised agency of the UN in 1946.
4. India is a founder-member of the ILO.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Exam Year(s)

Kerala PSC KAS - 2020,

Answer: D

All four statements are correct, so the answer is 1, 2, 3 and 4.

  • The ILO was set up in 1919, after the First World War, on the principle that lasting peace depends on social justice.
  • Its constitution formed Part XIII of the Treaty of Versailles of 1919.
  • In 1946 it became the first specialised agency of the newly formed United Nations.
  • India was a founder member in 1919, even though it was still a British colony.

Since every statement is true, each narrower option leaves out at least one correct statement.

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10.

With reference to the consequences of the Industrial Revolution, which of the following statements is/are correct?

1. Subjugation of agricultural countries of the world
2. Increased unautomated production
3. Rise in per capita income.

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

Exam Year(s)

Kerala PSC KAS - 2020,

Answer: A

Statements 1 and 3 are correct, so the answer is 1 and 3 only.

The Industrial Revolution led industrial nations to seek raw materials and markets abroad, which drove the subjugation of agricultural countries as colonies. Over time, factory production also raised output per person, so per capita income rose in the industrialised countries.

Statement 2 is the reverse of what happened. The Industrial Revolution replaced hand production with machine production in factories, so it increased mechanised, not unautomated, production. That rules out every option that includes statement 2.

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