Match the Thermodynamic laws in Column I with the description given in Column IIColumn IColumn IIPZeroth law1Entropy of a perfect crystal at 0 K is zeroQFirst law2Introduces EntropyRSecond law3Defines thermal equilibriumSThird law4Defines internal energy

The correct matching is P → 3; Q → 4; R → 2; S → 1.Zeroth law: two systems each in thermal equilibrium with a third are in equilibrium with each other, which defines thermal equilibrium and temperature (3).First law: energy conservation, \(\Delta U = Q - W\), which introduces internal energy as a property (4).Second law: introduces entropy and the direction of spontaneous processes (2).Third law: the entropy of a perfect crystal at 0 K is zero (1).Every other option assigns entropy at 0 K or thermal equilibrium to the wrong law.

Zeroth Law and Temperature Questions and Answers

Q: The Zeroth law of thermodynamics is based on the concept of:

The Zeroth law is based on the concept of temperature.The law states that if two bodies are each in thermal equilibrium with a third, they are in thermal equilibrium with each other. That makes temperature a meaningful property and is the basis of thermometry.Enthalpy and heat capacity arise from the first law, and entropy from the second law.

Q: To measure the temperature below the liquid Nitrogen temperature, we need to use :

The key's answer is Semiconductor diode.Below 77 K, the temperature of liquid nitrogen, the forward voltage of a silicon (or GaAlAs) diode at constant small current changes strongly and smoothly with temperature. Calibrated diode sensors are standard cryogenic thermometers, usable down to a few kelvin, which is why the key chooses them.Ordinary thermocouples lose sensitivity as the temperature falls, because their thermoelectric power drops towards zero. A transistor is not used as a thermometer in this range, and an ordinary thermistor's resistance becomes too large to measure well at such low temperatures.

Which law provides the basis for the measurement of temperature?

A.Zeroth law of thermodynamics
B.First law of thermodynamics
C.Second law of thermodynamics
D.Third law of thermodynamics

Exam Year(s)

DSSSB - 2023,

Answer: A

The zeroth law of thermodynamics provides the basis for the measurement of temperature. It states that if two bodies are each in thermal equilibrium with a third body, they are in thermal equilibrium with each other, which allows the third body to be used as a thermometer. The first law deals with energy conservation, the second with the direction of processes and entropy, and the third with the behaviour of entropy at absolute zero, so none of them is the basis of temperature measurement.

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Match the Thermodynamic laws in Column I with the description given in Column II

Column I		Column II
P	Zeroth law	1	Entropy of a perfect crystal at 0 K is zero
Q	First law	2	Introduces Entropy
R	Second law	3	Defines thermal equilibrium
S	Third law	4	Defines internal energy

A.P → 3; Q → 4; R → 2; S → 1
B.P → 1; Q → 2; R → 4; S → 3
C.P → 1; Q → 4; R → 3; S → 2
D.P → 3; Q → 1; R → 2; S → 4

Exam Year(s)

GATE XE - 2026,

Answer: A

The correct matching is P → 3; Q → 4; R → 2; S → 1.

Zeroth law: two systems each in thermal equilibrium with a third are in equilibrium with each other, which defines thermal equilibrium and temperature (3).
First law: energy conservation, \(\Delta U = Q - W\), which introduces internal energy as a property (4).
Second law: introduces entropy and the direction of spontaneous processes (2).
Third law: the entropy of a perfect crystal at 0 K is zero (1).

Every other option assigns entropy at 0 K or thermal equilibrium to the wrong law.

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The Zeroth law of thermodynamics is based on the concept of:

A.Heat Capacity
B.Temperature
C.Enthalpy
D.Entropy

Exam Year(s)

RSMSSB JE - 2025, RSMSSB - 2025,

Answer: B

The Zeroth law is based on the concept of temperature.

The law states that if two bodies are each in thermal equilibrium with a third, they are in thermal equilibrium with each other. That makes temperature a meaningful property and is the basis of thermometry.

Enthalpy and heat capacity arise from the first law, and entropy from the second law.

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To measure the temperature below the liquid Nitrogen temperature, we need to use :

A.Thermocouple
B.Semiconductor diode
C.Transistor
D.Thermister

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: B

The key's answer is Semiconductor diode.

Below 77 K, the temperature of liquid nitrogen, the forward voltage of a silicon (or GaAlAs) diode at constant small current changes strongly and smoothly with temperature. Calibrated diode sensors are standard cryogenic thermometers, usable down to a few kelvin, which is why the key chooses them.

Ordinary thermocouples lose sensitivity as the temperature falls, because their thermoelectric power drops towards zero. A transistor is not used as a thermometer in this range, and an ordinary thermistor's resistance becomes too large to measure well at such low temperatures.

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