Fundamentals Questions and Answers

Q: An application suitable for sequential processing is

Correct answer: Both a and bSequential processing suits work where every record must be handled in a single run, in order - and both payroll and the processing of grades are of that kind. Nothing is gained by random access when the whole file has to be read anyway. Enquiry systems, where one record is wanted at a time, are the opposite case.

Q: Nepal brought a computer for census of 2028 BS. This computer was of

Correct answer: second generationThe IBM 1401, brought to Nepal in 2028 BS (1971) for the census, was a second-generation machine - built with discrete transistors rather than valves or integrated circuits. It was already an old design by then, but it did the work.

Q: The basic operations performed by a computer are

Correct answer: All the aboveA computer does three kinds of thing: arithmetic (add, subtract, multiply, divide), logical comparisons (equal, greater, less), and storage and retrieval of data. The first two are the work of the ALU, the third of memory; everything else is built from them.

Q: The term gigabyte refers to

Correct answer: 1024 megabytesThe units go up in steps of 1024, which is \(2^{10}\): 1024 bytes to the kilobyte, 1024 kilobytes to the megabyte, and 1024 megabytes to the gigabyte - that is \(2^{30}\) bytes. (Disk manufacturers use powers of ten instead, which is why a “500 GB” drive shows as about 465 GB.)

Q: Integrated circuits were first used in which generation of computers ?

Correct answer: Third generationThe third generation, from the mid-1960s, replaced discrete transistors with integrated circuits, making machines markedly smaller and more reliable. The first used vacuum tubes, the second transistors and the fourth microprocessors.

Q: The first firm to mass-market a microcomputer as a personal computer was

Correct answer: Radio ShackRadio Shack brought out the TRS-80 in 1977 and sold it through its own chain of shops - the first microcomputer to be genuinely mass-marketed as a personal computer, alongside the Apple II and the Commodore PET of the same year. IBM did not enter the market until 1981.

Q: A register organised to allow move-left and move-right operations is called a ____

Correct answer: Shift registerA shift register moves its contents one bit position left or right on each clock pulse. That makes it the natural way to convert between serial and parallel data, and shifting left or right by one is also multiplication or division by two.

Q: In most IBM PCs, the CPU, the device drivers, memory, expansion slots and active components are mounted on a single board. What is the name of this board?

Correct answer: MotherboardThe motherboard is the main board on which the processor, memory, expansion slots and supporting chips are mounted and interconnected. Anything that plugs into it is a daughterboard.

Q: People often call ______ as the brain of computer system

Correct answer: Central Processing UnitThe CPU is called the brain because it does the two things a brain is credited with: it computes (in the ALU) and it directs (through the control unit). The control unit and ALU are its parts, not the whole.

21.

An application suitable for sequential processing is

A.Processing of grades
B.Payroll processing
C.Both a and b
D.All of above

Answer: C

Correct answer: Both a and b

Sequential processing suits work where every record must be handled in a single run, in order - and both payroll and the processing of grades are of that kind. Nothing is gained by random access when the whole file has to be read anyway. Enquiry systems, where one record is wanted at a time, are the opposite case.

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22.

Nepal brought a computer for census of 2028 BS. This computer was of

A.first generation
B.second generation
C.third generation
D.fourth generation

Answer: B

Correct answer: second generation

The IBM 1401, brought to Nepal in 2028 BS (1971) for the census, was a second-generation machine - built with discrete transistors rather than valves or integrated circuits. It was already an old design by then, but it did the work.

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23.

The basic operations performed by a computer are

A.Arithmetic operation
B.Logical operation
C.Storage and relative
D.All the above

Answer: D

Correct answer: All the above

A computer does three kinds of thing: arithmetic (add, subtract, multiply, divide), logical comparisons (equal, greater, less), and storage and retrieval of data. The first two are the work of the ALU, the third of memory; everything else is built from them.

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24.

The term gigabyte refers to

A.1024 bytes
B.1024 kilobytes
C.1024 megabytes
D.1024 terabytes

Answer: C

Correct answer: 1024 megabytes

The units go up in steps of 1024, which is \(2^{10}\): 1024 bytes to the kilobyte, 1024 kilobytes to the megabyte, and 1024 megabytes to the gigabyte - that is \(2^{30}\) bytes. (Disk manufacturers use powers of ten instead, which is why a “500 GB” drive shows as about 465 GB.)

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25.

Integrated circuits were first used in which generation of computers ?

A.First generation
B.Second generation
C.Third generation
D.Fourth generation

Answer: B

Correct answer: Third generation

The third generation, from the mid-1960s, replaced discrete transistors with integrated circuits, making machines markedly smaller and more reliable. The first used vacuum tubes, the second transistors and the fourth microprocessors.

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26.

What is a brand?

A.The name of companies that made computers
B.The name a company gives a product to identify it in the market
C.A name of class to indicate all similar products from different companies
D.All of above

Answer: B

Correct answer: The name a company gives a product to identify it in the market

A brand is the name and identity a company attaches to its own product to distinguish it from competing ones - ThinkPad, Pentium, Windows. It is narrower than the company name and quite different from a generic category term, which covers similar products from every maker.

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27.

The first firm to mass-market a microcomputer as a personal computer was

A.IBM
B.Super UNIVAC
C.Radio Shack
D.Data General Corporation

Answer: C

Correct answer: Radio Shack

Radio Shack brought out the TRS-80 in 1977 and sold it through its own chain of shops - the first microcomputer to be genuinely mass-marketed as a personal computer, alongside the Apple II and the Commodore PET of the same year. IBM did not enter the market until 1981.

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28.

A register organised to allow move-left and move-right operations is called a ____

A.Counter
B.Loader
C.Adder
D.Shift register

Answer: D

Correct answer: Shift register

A shift register moves its contents one bit position left or right on each clock pulse. That makes it the natural way to convert between serial and parallel data, and shifting left or right by one is also multiplication or division by two.

Discuss in Forum

29.

In most IBM PCs, the CPU, the device drivers, memory, expansion slots and active components are mounted on a single board. What is the name of this board?

A.Motherboard
B.Breadboard
C.Daughter board
D.Grandmother board

Answer: A

Correct answer: Motherboard

The motherboard is the main board on which the processor, memory, expansion slots and supporting chips are mounted and interconnected. Anything that plugs into it is a daughterboard.

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30.

People often call ______ as the brain of computer system

A.Control Unit
B.Arithmetic Logic Unit
C.Central Processing Unit
D.Storage Unit

Answer: C

Correct answer: Central Processing Unit

The CPU is called the brain because it does the two things a brain is credited with: it computes (in the ALU) and it directs (through the control unit). The control unit and ALU are its parts, not the whole.

Discuss in Forum

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