Human Development and Interventions Questions and Answers

Q: Symptom of an autistic child is ..................

A symptom of an autistic child is lack of eye contact.Autism spectrum disorder is defined by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction, together with restricted, repetitive behaviours and interests. Reduced or absent eye contact is one of the earliest and most characteristic signs of the deficit in non-verbal social communication.Hyperactivity is the defining feature of ADHD, not autism, although the two can co-occur. Aggression can appear in many conditions and is not a diagnostic feature. Low vision is a sensory impairment, not a symptom of autism.

Q: Noam Chomsky gave the concept of :

Noam Chomsky gave the concept of universal grammar.Chomsky argued that children acquire language too quickly and from too little input to learn it by imitation and reinforcement alone. He proposed that humans are born with a universal grammar, a set of principles common to all languages, sometimes described as a language acquisition device, which the child tunes to the language around it.Attachment theory was developed by John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth, the object relations approach by psychoanalysts such as Melanie Klein and Winnicott, and cognitivist theory is associated with figures such as Jerome Bruner and Ulric Neisser.

Q: The following are negative symptoms of schizophrenia :(1) Thought broadcast(2) Thought insertion(3) Alogia(4) Anhedonia

The negative symptoms are (3) and (4) only: alogia and anhedonia.Negative symptoms are the loss or reduction of normal functions. They include alogia (poverty of speech), anhedonia (loss of the capacity for pleasure), avolition (lack of motivation), flat or blunted affect and asociality.Thought broadcast and thought insertion are positive symptoms: abnormal experiences added to normal ones. They are among Kurt Schneider's first-rank symptoms of schizophrenia, delusions that one's thoughts are being heard by others or put into one's mind by an outside force. Any option including (1) or (2) is therefore wrong.

Q: Make the correct sequence of the four stages of Piaget's cognitive development theory :

The correct sequence is sensorimotor stage; preoperational stage; concrete operation stage; formal operational stage.Sensorimotor (birth to about 2 years): understanding the world through senses and action; object permanence develops.Preoperational (about 2 to 7): symbolic thought and language, but egocentrism and no conservation.Concrete operational (about 7 to 11): logical operations on concrete objects; conservation is achieved.Formal operational (about 11 onwards): abstract and hypothetical reasoning.Every other option starts with a later stage or puts the concrete and formal operations out of order, which Piaget's invariant sequence does not allow.

Q: The following are sexual disorders :(1) Frotteurism(2) Vaginismus(3) Eclampsia(4) Erectile dysfunction

The sexual disorders are (1), (2) and (4) only.Frotteurism, touching or rubbing against a non-consenting person for sexual arousal, is a paraphilic disorder. Vaginismus, involuntary tightening of the vaginal muscles that makes intercourse painful or impossible (now classed in DSM-5 under genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder), and erectile dysfunction are sexual dysfunctions.Eclampsia (3) is a serious complication of pregnancy, seizures in a woman with pre-eclampsia (high blood pressure), and has nothing to do with sexual disorders. Any option including it, or leaving out one of the other three, is wrong.

Q: A class of phenomena characterised by patterns of positive adaptation in the context of significant adversity is known as :

The phenomenon is resilience.Ann Masten and other developmental researchers define resilience as a class of phenomena characterised by patterns of positive adaptation in the context of significant adversity or risk. A child who grows up in poverty or with a mentally ill parent and still develops competently shows resilience, which research attributes to ordinary protective factors such as a caring adult, good cognitive skills and self-regulation.Positive youth development is a broader approach that builds strengths in all young people, whether or not they face adversity. 'External adaptation' and 'internal adaptation' are not the established term for positive adaptation in the face of adversity.

Q: Flashbacks are experienced typically by patients who have abused this drug :

Flashbacks are typical of LSD.LSD is a hallucinogen. Some users re-experience perceptual distortions, such as trails of moving objects, halos or false movement, days to months after the drug has worn off. DSM calls this hallucinogen persisting perception disorder.Nicotine and caffeine are stimulants that do not produce hallucinations, let alone flashbacks. Heavy alcohol use produces blackouts (gaps in memory) and, in withdrawal, delirium tremens with hallucinations, but not the recurring perceptual flashbacks associated with LSD.

Q: Match the following List I (Developmental Stages) with List II (Age)List I (Developmental Stages)List II (Age)(a) Early childhood(1) 12-18 years(b) Middle childhood(2) 16-18 years(c) Late adolescence(3) 5-12 years(d) Adolescent(4) 1-3 years

The correct code is a-4, b-3, c-2, d-1.The age ranges are the paper's own, and they fit together in only one way. Adolescence as a whole spans 12-18 years (d-1), and late adolescence is its final part, 16-18 years (c-2). Middle childhood covers the school years from about 5 to 12 (b-3), which leaves 1-3 years, the toddler period at the start of childhood, for early childhood (a-4).Option B gives middle childhood 12-18 years, option C gives early childhood 16-18 years, and option D gives early childhood 12-18 years; each puts a stage in an age band that belongs to another.

101.

Symptom of an autistic child is ..................

A.Hyperactive
B.Aggressive
C.Lack of eye contact
D.Low vision

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: C

A symptom of an autistic child is lack of eye contact.

Autism spectrum disorder is defined by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction, together with restricted, repetitive behaviours and interests. Reduced or absent eye contact is one of the earliest and most characteristic signs of the deficit in non-verbal social communication.

Hyperactivity is the defining feature of ADHD, not autism, although the two can co-occur. Aggression can appear in many conditions and is not a diagnostic feature. Low vision is a sensory impairment, not a symptom of autism.

Discuss in Forum

102.

Noam Chomsky gave the concept of :

A.Attachment theory
B.Object relations approach
C.Universal grammar
D.Cognitivist theory

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: C

Noam Chomsky gave the concept of universal grammar.

Chomsky argued that children acquire language too quickly and from too little input to learn it by imitation and reinforcement alone. He proposed that humans are born with a universal grammar, a set of principles common to all languages, sometimes described as a language acquisition device, which the child tunes to the language around it.

Attachment theory was developed by John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth, the object relations approach by psychoanalysts such as Melanie Klein and Winnicott, and cognitivist theory is associated with figures such as Jerome Bruner and Ulric Neisser.

Discuss in Forum

103.

The following are negative symptoms of schizophrenia :

(1) Thought broadcast
(2) Thought insertion
(3) Alogia
(4) Anhedonia

A.(1) and (2) only
B.(3) and (4) only
C.(1), (3) and (4) only
D.(2), (3) and (4) only

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: B

The negative symptoms are (3) and (4) only: alogia and anhedonia.

Negative symptoms are the loss or reduction of normal functions. They include alogia (poverty of speech), anhedonia (loss of the capacity for pleasure), avolition (lack of motivation), flat or blunted affect and asociality.

Thought broadcast and thought insertion are positive symptoms: abnormal experiences added to normal ones. They are among Kurt Schneider's first-rank symptoms of schizophrenia, delusions that one's thoughts are being heard by others or put into one's mind by an outside force. Any option including (1) or (2) is therefore wrong.

Discuss in Forum

104.

Make the correct sequence of the four stages of Piaget's cognitive development theory :

A.Concrete operations stage; preoperational stage; sensorimotor stage; formal operation stage
B.Sensorimotor stage; preoperational stage; concrete operation stage; formal operational stage
C.Preoperational stage; concrete operational stage; sensorimotor stage; formal operational stage
D.Sensorimotor stage; formal operation stage; concrete operations stage; preoperational stage

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: B

The correct sequence is sensorimotor stage; preoperational stage; concrete operation stage; formal operational stage.

Sensorimotor (birth to about 2 years): understanding the world through senses and action; object permanence develops.
Preoperational (about 2 to 7): symbolic thought and language, but egocentrism and no conservation.
Concrete operational (about 7 to 11): logical operations on concrete objects; conservation is achieved.
Formal operational (about 11 onwards): abstract and hypothetical reasoning.

Every other option starts with a later stage or puts the concrete and formal operations out of order, which Piaget's invariant sequence does not allow.

Discuss in Forum

105.

The following are sexual disorders :

(1) Frotteurism
(2) Vaginismus
(3) Eclampsia
(4) Erectile dysfunction

A.(2) and (4) only
B.(1) and (4) only
C.(1) (2) and (3) only
D.(1), (2) and (4) only

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: D

The sexual disorders are (1), (2) and (4) only.

Frotteurism, touching or rubbing against a non-consenting person for sexual arousal, is a paraphilic disorder. Vaginismus, involuntary tightening of the vaginal muscles that makes intercourse painful or impossible (now classed in DSM-5 under genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder), and erectile dysfunction are sexual dysfunctions.

Eclampsia (3) is a serious complication of pregnancy, seizures in a woman with pre-eclampsia (high blood pressure), and has nothing to do with sexual disorders. Any option including it, or leaving out one of the other three, is wrong.

Discuss in Forum

106.

A class of phenomena characterised by patterns of positive adaptation in the context of significant adversity is known as :

A.Positive youth development
B.External adaptation
C.Resilience
D.Internal adaptation

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: C

The phenomenon is resilience.

Ann Masten and other developmental researchers define resilience as a class of phenomena characterised by patterns of positive adaptation in the context of significant adversity or risk. A child who grows up in poverty or with a mentally ill parent and still develops competently shows resilience, which research attributes to ordinary protective factors such as a caring adult, good cognitive skills and self-regulation.

Positive youth development is a broader approach that builds strengths in all young people, whether or not they face adversity. 'External adaptation' and 'internal adaptation' are not the established term for positive adaptation in the face of adversity.

Discuss in Forum

107.

Flashbacks are experienced typically by patients who have abused this drug :

A.Nicotine
B.Caffeine
C.Alcohol
D.LSD

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: D

Flashbacks are typical of LSD.

LSD is a hallucinogen. Some users re-experience perceptual distortions, such as trails of moving objects, halos or false movement, days to months after the drug has worn off. DSM calls this hallucinogen persisting perception disorder.

Nicotine and caffeine are stimulants that do not produce hallucinations, let alone flashbacks. Heavy alcohol use produces blackouts (gaps in memory) and, in withdrawal, delirium tremens with hallucinations, but not the recurring perceptual flashbacks associated with LSD.

Discuss in Forum

108.

As people are studied repeatedly as they grow older. This approach of studies is called as ........ .

A.Cross-sectional
B.Longitudinal
C.Cohort
D.Sequential

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: B

Studying the same people repeatedly as they grow older is the longitudinal approach.

A longitudinal study follows one group over months or years, testing them at intervals, so it shows how individuals change with age. Its drawbacks are cost, time and drop-out of participants.

A cross-sectional study tests different age groups once, at the same time, and so confounds age with generation. A cohort is a group born in the same period; cohort effects are what cross-sectional designs risk. A sequential design combines the two, following several cohorts over time, so it is not simply repeated study of one group.

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109.

Match the following List I (Developmental Stages) with List II (Age)

List I (Developmental Stages)	List II (Age)
(a) Early childhood	(1) 12-18 years
(b) Middle childhood	(2) 16-18 years
(c) Late adolescence	(3) 5-12 years
(d) Adolescent	(4) 1-3 years

A.a-4, b-3, c-2, d-1
B.a-3, b-1, c-4, d-2
C.a-2, b-4, c-1, d-3
D.a-1, b-2, c-3, d-4

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: A

The correct code is a-4, b-3, c-2, d-1.

The age ranges are the paper's own, and they fit together in only one way. Adolescence as a whole spans 12-18 years (d-1), and late adolescence is its final part, 16-18 years (c-2). Middle childhood covers the school years from about 5 to 12 (b-3), which leaves 1-3 years, the toddler period at the start of childhood, for early childhood (a-4).

Option B gives middle childhood 12-18 years, option C gives early childhood 16-18 years, and option D gives early childhood 12-18 years; each puts a stage in an age band that belongs to another.

Discuss in Forum

110.

Which of the following alternatives is true for the statements of 'Assertion' and 'Reasoning' ?

Assertion (A) : In a folie à deux, separating the secondary case from the primary can lead to symptom reduction in the secondary.
Reason (R) : Folie à deux is a mental illness shared by two persons, of which one is "dominant" and symptomatic.

A.(A) and (R) both are true and (R) is the correct explanation for (A)
B.(A) and (R) both are true but (R) is not the correct explanation for (A)
C.(A) is true but (R) is false
D.(A) is false but (R) is true

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: A

(A) and (R) both are true and (R) is the correct explanation for (A).

In folie à deux (shared psychotic disorder), a delusion arises in one person, the primary or dominant partner, and is taken over by a second person who lives closely with him, usually someone more passive and dependent. R describes this correctly.

Because the secondary person's delusion depends on the primary's influence rather than on an illness of his own, separating the two often leads to the secondary's symptoms fading, which is A. The relationship described in R is exactly why separation works, so R explains A, ruling out the options calling either statement false or unrelated.

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