Language Concepts and Pedagogy Questions and Answers

Q: The words Langue and Parole are employed by ................ .

Langue and parole were used by Ferdinand de Saussure.In the Course in General Linguistics (1916), Saussure distinguished langue, the abstract system of language shared by a community, from parole, the individual acts of speaking. He made langue the proper object of linguistics.Jacques Derrida later critiqued structuralism, Gareth Griffiths is a co-author of the postcolonial study The Empire Writes Back, and Stuart Hall is a cultural studies theorist.

Q: One of the distinctive features of human language is .............. .

One distinctive feature is Cultural transmission.Human language is acquired by learning it from the community one grows up in, not inherited genetically. A child of any parentage learns whichever language surrounds it. Cultural transmission is one of Hockett's design features of language.Genetic transmission is the opposite: the capacity for language is innate, but no particular language is passed on genetically, whereas many animal calls are largely instinctive. 'Effective' and 'non-effective' transmission are not recognised features of language.

Q: The difference between British English and American English can be observed ................... .

The differences are seen in vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation and spelling system.British and American English differ at every level: vocabulary (lift/elevator, petrol/gas), grammar (have got/have gotten, collective nouns taking plural verbs in Britain), pronunciation (the r after vowels, the vowel in dance) and spelling (colour/color, centre/center).Each 'only' option picks out one of these areas and ignores the rest.

Q: Checking Theory is a linguistic principle that occurs in ............. .

Checking theory belongs to Generative Linguistics.Checking theory is part of Noam Chomsky's Minimalist Program (1995): grammatical features such as case and agreement on words must be 'checked' against matching features in the syntax, and unchecked features cause a derivation to fail.Structural linguistics (Bloomfield and his successors) describes surface patterns, traditional grammar uses prescriptive rules, and systemic linguistics (Halliday) analyses language as choices of meaning. None uses feature checking.

Q: In the sentence I wanna go home, wanna is a contracted form of ....... .

Wanna is a contraction of want to.In informal speech, want to is reduced to wanna: 'I want to go home' becomes 'I wanna go home'. Linguists study it because the contraction is blocked when something intervenes between want and to, as in 'Who do you want to win?', which cannot become 'Who do you wanna win?'.That is why want him to and want him not to cannot be contracted to wanna, and do not want to would contract to don't wanna, not wanna.

Q: In the sentence The truth is that he did not attend the classes, the underlined linguistic unit functions as .................. .

The underlined clause functions as a Complement.In The truth is that he did not attend the classes, the verb is is a linking (copular) verb. What follows it does not receive an action; it says what the subject, the truth, is. So the that-clause is a subject complement (a noun clause in predicative position).The subject is the truth, and a linking verb takes neither a direct nor an indirect object, which rules out the other options.

Q: That there are differences in language has been propounded by .......................... .

The idea is Ferdinand de Saussure's.Saussure's Course in General Linguistics states that 'in language there are only differences without positive terms'. A sign has value only through its difference from other signs in the system: cat means what it does because it is not bat, cap or dog.Chomsky's generative grammar, Halliday's systemic functional linguistics and Van Valin's role and reference grammar are later theories with other central claims.

Q: In the sentence Ten thousand saw I at a glance, the phrase Ten thousand has been .............. .

The phrase has been Foregrounded.In Wordsworth's line 'Ten thousand saw I at a glance', the normal order would be 'I saw ten thousand at a glance'. Moving the object Ten thousand to the front of the sentence (inversion) makes it prominent. In stylistics, giving an element such prominence by deviating from the expected pattern is called foregrounding.Reduplication repeats a word or part of one (bye-bye), blending fuses two words (smog), and clipping shortens a word (phone); none happens here.

81.

The words Langue and Parole are employed by ................ .

A.Jacques Derrida
B.Gareth Griffiths
C.Ferdinand de Saussure
D.Stuart Hall

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: C

Langue and parole were used by Ferdinand de Saussure.

In the Course in General Linguistics (1916), Saussure distinguished langue, the abstract system of language shared by a community, from parole, the individual acts of speaking. He made langue the proper object of linguistics.

Jacques Derrida later critiqued structuralism, Gareth Griffiths is a co-author of the postcolonial study The Empire Writes Back, and Stuart Hall is a cultural studies theorist.

Discuss in Forum

82.

One of the distinctive features of human language is .............. .

A.Cultural transmission
B.Genetic transmission
C.Effective transmission
D.Non-effective transmission

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: A

One distinctive feature is Cultural transmission.

Human language is acquired by learning it from the community one grows up in, not inherited genetically. A child of any parentage learns whichever language surrounds it. Cultural transmission is one of Hockett's design features of language.

Genetic transmission is the opposite: the capacity for language is innate, but no particular language is passed on genetically, whereas many animal calls are largely instinctive. 'Effective' and 'non-effective' transmission are not recognised features of language.

Discuss in Forum

83.

The difference between British English and American English can be observed ................... .

A.Only in vocabulary
B.Only in grammar
C.Only in pronunciation
D.In vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation and spelling system

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: D

The differences are seen in vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation and spelling system.

British and American English differ at every level: vocabulary (lift/elevator, petrol/gas), grammar (have got/have gotten, collective nouns taking plural verbs in Britain), pronunciation (the r after vowels, the vowel in dance) and spelling (colour/color, centre/center).

Each 'only' option picks out one of these areas and ignores the rest.

Discuss in Forum

84.

Checking Theory is a linguistic principle that occurs in ............. .

A.Structural Linguistics
B.Generative Linguistics
C.Traditional Grammar
D.Systemic Linguistics

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: B

Checking theory belongs to Generative Linguistics.

Checking theory is part of Noam Chomsky's Minimalist Program (1995): grammatical features such as case and agreement on words must be 'checked' against matching features in the syntax, and unchecked features cause a derivation to fail.

Structural linguistics (Bloomfield and his successors) describes surface patterns, traditional grammar uses prescriptive rules, and systemic linguistics (Halliday) analyses language as choices of meaning. None uses feature checking.

Discuss in Forum

85.

In the sentence I wanna go home, wanna is a contracted form of ....... .

A.Want to
B.Want him to
C.Do not want to
D.Want him not to

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: A

Wanna is a contraction of want to.

In informal speech, want to is reduced to wanna: 'I want to go home' becomes 'I wanna go home'. Linguists study it because the contraction is blocked when something intervenes between want and to, as in 'Who do you want to win?', which cannot become 'Who do you wanna win?'.

That is why want him to and want him not to cannot be contracted to wanna, and do not want to would contract to don't wanna, not wanna.

Discuss in Forum

86.

In the sentence The truth is that he did not attend the classes, the underlined linguistic unit functions as .................. .

A.Subject
B.Direct object
C.Indirect object
D.Complement

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: D

The underlined clause functions as a Complement.

In The truth is that he did not attend the classes, the verb is is a linking (copular) verb. What follows it does not receive an action; it says what the subject, the truth, is. So the that-clause is a subject complement (a noun clause in predicative position).

The subject is the truth, and a linking verb takes neither a direct nor an indirect object, which rules out the other options.

Discuss in Forum

87.

That there are differences in language has been propounded by .......................... .

A.Chomsky
B.Ferdinand de Saussure
C.Halliday
D.Van Valin

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: B

The idea is Ferdinand de Saussure's.

Saussure's Course in General Linguistics states that 'in language there are only differences without positive terms'. A sign has value only through its difference from other signs in the system: cat means what it does because it is not bat, cap or dog.

Chomsky's generative grammar, Halliday's systemic functional linguistics and Van Valin's role and reference grammar are later theories with other central claims.

Discuss in Forum

88.

In the sentence Ten thousand saw I at a glance, the phrase Ten thousand has been .............. .

A.Foregrounded
B.Reduplicated
C.Blended
D.Clipped

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: A

The phrase has been Foregrounded.

In Wordsworth's line 'Ten thousand saw I at a glance', the normal order would be 'I saw ten thousand at a glance'. Moving the object Ten thousand to the front of the sentence (inversion) makes it prominent. In stylistics, giving an element such prominence by deviating from the expected pattern is called foregrounding.

Reduplication repeats a word or part of one (bye-bye), blending fuses two words (smog), and clipping shortens a word (phone); none happens here.

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