Child and Human Development Questions and Answers

Answer: C

Prenatal development has three periods: the germinal period (fertilisation to about two weeks), the embryonic period (from the 2nd to the 8th week) and the fetal period (from the 9th week to birth). During the embryonic period the main organ systems form. The options 2-4 weeks and 2-6 weeks stop short of the end of the period, and 1-8 weeks wrongly includes the first week, which belongs to the germinal period. The answer is 2-8 weeks.

Answer: C

Conversation is an expressive skill: the speaker puts thoughts into spoken words and so expresses them, which is the productive side of language. Listening and receptive skills belong to the receiving side, where the person takes in what others say or write. An intellectual skill is a general term for reasoning abilities and does not name a language skill. The answer is expressive skill. The four skills of language are usually grouped as receptive (listening and reading) and expressive (speaking and writing). Since a conversation is carried on by speaking, it falls on the expressive side, and it needs the listener's reception only as the other half of the exchange.

Answer: B

Dominant emotions are the emotions that rule a person's mood over a period. They can be pleasant (joy, affection) or unpleasant (anger, fear), and they are strong because they dominate behaviour, so statements I, II and III hold. They are not rare, because a dominant emotion is the one that appears most often in the person. Hence option B, I, II and III, is the answer. Dominant emotions take over the person's feelings for a time and colour the behaviour, which is why they are strong, and they may be of either quality, pleasant or unpleasant, depending on the person and the situation. Options that give only one quality, or call them rare, are therefore wrong.

Answer: C

The official key marks both statements as wrong. The reason is plainly false, because a consistent sleep routine reduces separation anxiety and gives security, and does not increase anxiety or deprive the child of stimulation. The key also treats the assertion as wrong, since a newborn's sleep-wake cycle is not yet regular and a routine is advised once the infant is a few months old, not right from birth. The answer is that both are wrong.

Answer: A

Post-mature babies, born after 42 weeks, are long and thin, with dry peeling skin, because the ageing placenta cannot supply enough food and oxygen at the end of gestation. The reason gives exactly this cause, so (R) explains (A). Both statements are correct, and the options calling either of them wrong are rejected. The placenta works well for a limited time, and by the end of a long gestation its efficiency falls, so the fetus gets less oxygen and nutrients and loses fat under the skin, which gives the long, thin look. That chain shows that (R) gives the cause of (A).

Answer: D

Early language develops from crying at birth to cooing at about two months, then babbling, then gestures that communicate wants, and last the utterance of words. The sequence is III, I, II, IV, V. Option A puts cooing at position 1, where the right order has crying. Option B puts gestures at position 2, where the right order has cooing. Option C puts cooing at position 1, where the right order has crying.

Answer: B

Maslow's hierarchy rises from physiological needs to security needs, then belongingness, then self-esteem, and finally self-actualisation. Of the four given, the order is III, I, II, IV. Option A puts self-actualisation at position 2, where the right order has security needs. Option C puts security needs at position 1, where the right order has physiological needs. Option D puts self-esteem at position 1, where the right order has physiological needs.

Answer: A

D.P.T. is the vaccine against diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough) and tetanus (ii), jealousy is a negative emotion (iv), Maria Montessori is known for sensorial training (i), and Havighurst proposed the developmental tasks (v). So the code is ii, iv, i, v. Baumrind's parenting styles (iii) are not used. Option B fails at the first pair, where it joins D.P.T. with negative emotion and not with whooping cough. Option C fails at the first pair, where it joins jealousy with Baumrind's parenting styles and not with negative emotion. Option D fails at the first pair, where it joins D.P.T. with developmental tasks and not with whooping cough.

Answer: C

Howard Gardner proposed the theory of multiple intelligences (v), cephalocaudal development goes from head to toe (iv), Dr. Virginia Apgar devised the Apgar scale (i), and Head Start in the United States began in 1965 (ii). The code is v, iv, i, ii. Developmental tasks (iii) are unused. Option A fails at the first pair, where it joins Howard Gardner with developmental tasks and not with multiple intelligence. Option B fails at the first pair, where it joins Howard Gardner with 1965 and not with multiple intelligence. Option D fails at the first pair, where it joins Howard Gardner with the Apgar scale and not with multiple intelligence.

Answer: B

Active learning comes from first hand experiences (iv), heightened emotionality is a mark of adolescence (ii), the Electra complex belongs to Freud (i) and a visit to a post office is a field trip (vi). So the code is iv, ii, i, vi. Outdoor play (iii) and emotional disturbance (v) are left unused. Option A fails at the first pair, where it joins active learning with outdoor play and not with first hand experiences. Option C fails at the first pair, where it joins active learning with Freud and not with first hand experiences. Option D fails at the first pair, where it joins active learning with outdoor play and not with first hand experiences.