Comparative Political Analysis Questions and Answers

Q: Chronologically organise the following revolutions. Choose your answer from the codes given below :(a) Russian Revolution-Bolshevik(b) French Revolution(c) Chinese Revolution(d) American Revolution

The chronological order is (d), (b), (a), (c).American Revolution: 1775-1783, independence declared in 1776.French Revolution: from 1789.Russian (Bolshevik) Revolution: October 1917.Chinese Revolution: the Communist victory and the People's Republic, 1949.The other codes put the Russian or Chinese revolution before the eighteenth-century revolutions, or the French before the American.

Q: Identify the incorrect statement :

The incorrect statement is World system theory is not related to world's capitalist system.Immanuel Wallerstein's world-systems theory is precisely a theory of the capitalist world-economy: since the sixteenth century a single capitalist system has divided the world into core, semi-periphery and periphery, with surplus flowing from periphery to core. So it is closely related to the world capitalist system.The other statements are accepted points of comparative politics: politics and economics are linked, the type of economy is a key variable in comparison, and globalisation has transformed national economies.

Q: Which country had maximum number of colonies in Latin America ?

The country with the most colonies in Latin America was Spain.From the sixteenth century Spain ruled most of the region through the viceroyalties of New Spain, Peru, New Granada and the Rio de la Plata, stretching from Mexico to Argentina. Almost all of today's Spanish-speaking republics were once its colonies.Portugal held one very large colony, Brazil. France and Britain had only smaller footholds, such as Haiti and French Guiana, or British Guiana, British Honduras and Caribbean islands.

Q: What was the biggest challenge before African Nationalism ?

The key gives Tribal divisions as the biggest challenge.The colonial borders of Africa were drawn with little regard to the peoples living within them, so most new states held many ethnic or 'tribal' groups with their own loyalties. Nationalist leaders had to build a single national identity on top of these, and ethnic rivalry repeatedly threatened unity, as the Biafran war in Nigeria showed.Linguistic diversity was eased by colonial lingua francas such as English, French and Swahili; economic grievances fed nationalism more than they obstructed it; and religion divided fewer states than ethnicity did.

Q: Which of the following is not the feature of globalization ?

Restricted Trade is not a feature of globalization.Globalization means the growing integration of national economies through freer trade, capital flows, technology and information. Its defining policies are liberalisation, privatisation and the lowering of tariff and non-tariff barriers, so restricted trade is its opposite.Liberalization, the free flow of knowledge and technology, and the free flow of investment across borders are all standard features of globalization, so they cannot be the answer.

Q: Through 1973 Constitution of Pakistan which form of Government was introduced ?

The 1973 Constitution introduced a Parliamentary form of government in Pakistan.Framed under Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, it made the Prime Minister, responsible to the National Assembly, the real head of the executive, with the President as a largely ceremonial head of state. It also created a bicameral federal legislature.The 1962 Constitution of Ayub Khan had been presidential. Later amendments under military rulers shifted power back to the President, giving a semi-presidential balance, but that was not the 1973 Constitution's original design.

Q: Who is considered the father of American Constitution ?

The father of the American Constitution is James Madison.Madison drafted the Virginia Plan that framed the debates at the Philadelphia Convention of 1787, kept the fullest record of its proceedings, co-wrote The Federalist Papers to defend the Constitution, and later proposed the amendments that became the Bill of Rights.George Washington presided over the Convention but did not shape the text, Thomas Jefferson was in France as minister at the time, and Abraham Lincoln belongs to the Civil War era, seventy years later.

Q: Who declared Emergency in Bangladesh on 25th January 1975 ?

The leader is Sheikh Mujibur Rehman.Mujib's government proclaimed a state of emergency at the end of December 1974, and on 25 January 1975 the Fourth Amendment replaced the parliamentary system with a presidential one, made Mujib President and opened the way to one-party rule. The paper's date is the date of that amendment, but under either date the emergency rule was Mujib's.Yahya Khan was the President of Pakistan who lost East Pakistan in 1971, and Zahurul Haq was an accused in the Agartala Conspiracy Case who was killed in custody in 1969. Neither governed Bangladesh in 1975, and nor did the remaining name.

Q: Why did the theory of modernization emerged ?

Modernization theory emerged to guide the developing countries about their development.It was built in American social science in the 1950s and 1960s, by writers such as W.W. Rostow, Daniel Lerner and Gabriel Almond, to explain how the newly independent states of Asia and Africa could move from traditional to modern society, usually along the path the West had taken.Loans and economic support are forms of aid, not a theory. Political development was one branch of the theory, but its aim was development as a whole, so 'lessons of politics' is too narrow.

Q: Who believed that democracies have dominance of elite class ?

The thinker is Vilfredo Pareto (spelt 'Vilfred' in the paper).Pareto, with Gaetano Mosca and Robert Michels, is a founder of classical elite theory. He held that every society, democracy included, is ruled by a minority elite, and that history is a 'graveyard of aristocracies' as one elite replaces another, his circulation of elites.S.M. Lipset studied the social requisites of democracy, C.B. Macpherson its liberal-democratic theory, and Samuel Huntington its waves of spread; none argued that democracy is in essence elite rule.

41.

Chronologically organise the following revolutions. Choose your answer from the codes given below :

(a) Russian Revolution-Bolshevik
(b) French Revolution
(c) Chinese Revolution
(d) American Revolution

A.(d), (a), (c), (b)
B.(d), (b), (a), (c)
C.(a), (d), (b), (c)
D.(c), (b), (d), (a)

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: B

The chronological order is (d), (b), (a), (c).

American Revolution: 1775-1783, independence declared in 1776.
French Revolution: from 1789.
Russian (Bolshevik) Revolution: October 1917.
Chinese Revolution: the Communist victory and the People's Republic, 1949.

The other codes put the Russian or Chinese revolution before the eighteenth-century revolutions, or the French before the American.

Discuss in Forum

42.

Identify the incorrect statement :

A.Politics and economics are tied to each other
B.The type of economy adopted by any state is essential in comparative political analysis
C.After globalization economies of states have witnessed sea change
D.World system theory is not related to world's capitalist system

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: D

The incorrect statement is World system theory is not related to world's capitalist system.

Immanuel Wallerstein's world-systems theory is precisely a theory of the capitalist world-economy: since the sixteenth century a single capitalist system has divided the world into core, semi-periphery and periphery, with surplus flowing from periphery to core. So it is closely related to the world capitalist system.

The other statements are accepted points of comparative politics: politics and economics are linked, the type of economy is a key variable in comparison, and globalisation has transformed national economies.

Discuss in Forum

43.

Which country had maximum number of colonies in Latin America ?

A.Spain
B.Portugal
C.France
D.Britain

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: A

The country with the most colonies in Latin America was Spain.

From the sixteenth century Spain ruled most of the region through the viceroyalties of New Spain, Peru, New Granada and the Rio de la Plata, stretching from Mexico to Argentina. Almost all of today's Spanish-speaking republics were once its colonies.

Portugal held one very large colony, Brazil. France and Britain had only smaller footholds, such as Haiti and French Guiana, or British Guiana, British Honduras and Caribbean islands.

Discuss in Forum

44.

What was the biggest challenge before African Nationalism ?

A.Linguistic
B.Economic
C.Tribal
D.Religious

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: C

The key gives Tribal divisions as the biggest challenge.

The colonial borders of Africa were drawn with little regard to the peoples living within them, so most new states held many ethnic or 'tribal' groups with their own loyalties. Nationalist leaders had to build a single national identity on top of these, and ethnic rivalry repeatedly threatened unity, as the Biafran war in Nigeria showed.

Linguistic diversity was eased by colonial lingua francas such as English, French and Swahili; economic grievances fed nationalism more than they obstructed it; and religion divided fewer states than ethnicity did.

Discuss in Forum

45.

Which of the following is not the feature of globalization ?

A.Restricted Trade
B.Liberalization
C.Free flow of knowledge and technology
D.Free flow of investment across border

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: A

Restricted Trade is not a feature of globalization.

Globalization means the growing integration of national economies through freer trade, capital flows, technology and information. Its defining policies are liberalisation, privatisation and the lowering of tariff and non-tariff barriers, so restricted trade is its opposite.

Liberalization, the free flow of knowledge and technology, and the free flow of investment across borders are all standard features of globalization, so they cannot be the answer.

Discuss in Forum

46.

Through 1973 Constitution of Pakistan which form of Government was introduced ?

A.Presidential
B.Parliamentary
C.Semi-Presidential
D.Autocratic

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: B

The 1973 Constitution introduced a Parliamentary form of government in Pakistan.

Framed under Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, it made the Prime Minister, responsible to the National Assembly, the real head of the executive, with the President as a largely ceremonial head of state. It also created a bicameral federal legislature.

The 1962 Constitution of Ayub Khan had been presidential. Later amendments under military rulers shifted power back to the President, giving a semi-presidential balance, but that was not the 1973 Constitution's original design.

Discuss in Forum

47.

Who is considered the father of American Constitution ?

A.James Madison
B.Abraham Lincoln
C.George Washington
D.Thomas Jefferson

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: A

The father of the American Constitution is James Madison.

Madison drafted the Virginia Plan that framed the debates at the Philadelphia Convention of 1787, kept the fullest record of its proceedings, co-wrote The Federalist Papers to defend the Constitution, and later proposed the amendments that became the Bill of Rights.

George Washington presided over the Convention but did not shape the text, Thomas Jefferson was in France as minister at the time, and Abraham Lincoln belongs to the Civil War era, seventy years later.

Discuss in Forum

48.

Who declared Emergency in Bangladesh on 25th January 1975 ?

A.Yahya Khan
B.Sheikh Mujibur Rehman
C.Zahurul Haq
D.Mufti Ahmed

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: B

The leader is Sheikh Mujibur Rehman.

Mujib's government proclaimed a state of emergency at the end of December 1974, and on 25 January 1975 the Fourth Amendment replaced the parliamentary system with a presidential one, made Mujib President and opened the way to one-party rule. The paper's date is the date of that amendment, but under either date the emergency rule was Mujib's.

Yahya Khan was the President of Pakistan who lost East Pakistan in 1971, and Zahurul Haq was an accused in the Agartala Conspiracy Case who was killed in custody in 1969. Neither governed Bangladesh in 1975, and nor did the remaining name.

Discuss in Forum

49.

Why did the theory of modernization emerged ?

A.To guide the developing countries about their development
B.Providing loan to developing countries
C.Giving economic support to the developing countries
D.To give lessons of politics to the developing countries

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: A

Modernization theory emerged to guide the developing countries about their development.

It was built in American social science in the 1950s and 1960s, by writers such as W.W. Rostow, Daniel Lerner and Gabriel Almond, to explain how the newly independent states of Asia and Africa could move from traditional to modern society, usually along the path the West had taken.

Loans and economic support are forms of aid, not a theory. Political development was one branch of the theory, but its aim was development as a whole, so 'lessons of politics' is too narrow.

Discuss in Forum

50.

Who believed that democracies have dominance of elite class ?

A.S.M. Lipset
B.Vilfred Pareto
C.C.B. Macpherson
D.Samuel Huntington

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: B

The thinker is Vilfredo Pareto (spelt 'Vilfred' in the paper).

Pareto, with Gaetano Mosca and Robert Michels, is a founder of classical elite theory. He held that every society, democracy included, is ruled by a minority elite, and that history is a 'graveyard of aristocracies' as one elite replaces another, his circulation of elites.

S.M. Lipset studied the social requisites of democracy, C.B. Macpherson its liberal-democratic theory, and Samuel Huntington its waves of spread; none argued that democracy is in essence elite rule.

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