Instruction in computer languages consists of
Answer: C
Correct answer: Both of above
An instruction has two parts: the opcode, which says what operation to perform, and the operand, which says what to perform it on - a value, a register, or a memory address. Some instructions have several operands and a few have none, but the opcode is always present.
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Which computer was considered the first electronic computer until a court invalidated its patent in 1973?
Answer: A
Correct answer: ENIAC
ENIAC (1946) was regarded as the first general-purpose electronic computer until 1973, when a United States court, in Honeywell v. Sperry Rand, invalidated its patent on the ground that its ideas had been derived from Atanasoff’s earlier work - and named the ABC as the first electronic digital computer.
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The digital computer was developed primarily in
Answer: C
Correct answer: USA
The digital computer was developed chiefly in the United States - Atanasoff at Iowa State, Aiken at Harvard, and Eckert and Mauchly at Pennsylvania, who built ENIAC and then UNIVAC. Britain contributed Colossus and the Manchester machines, and Zuse worked in Germany, but the main line of development, and the first commercial machines, were American.
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A storage area used to store data to compensate for the difference in speed at which the different units can handle data is
Answer: B
Correct answer: Buffer
A buffer is a holding area between two units that work at different speeds - the processor and a printer, say. The fast device deposits data and carries on, and the slow one takes it at its own pace, so neither has to wait for the other. An accumulator is a register in the ALU, and an address identifies a memory location.
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When was vacuum tube invented?
Answer: B
Correct answer: 1906
Lee De Forest invented the triode vacuum tube, the Audion, in 1906, adding a control grid to Fleming’s two-element valve of 1904. The grid let a small signal control a large current - amplification, and with it electronic switching, which is what the first generation of computers was built from.
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What are the stages in the compilation process?
Answer: C
Correct answer: Lexical Analysis, syntax analysis, and code generation
A compiler works in phases: lexical analysis breaks the source into tokens, syntax analysis checks that they form valid constructions and builds a parse tree, and code generation produces the target code - with semantic analysis and optimisation in between. The other options describe the stages of a systems development project, not of compilation.
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The output quality of a printer is measured by
Answer: A
Correct answer: Dot per sq. inch
Print quality is a matter of resolution - how finely the dots are packed. It is quoted as dots per inch, usually for both directions (600 × 600 dpi), which amounts to a density over the printed area. The more dots in a given area, the smoother the curves and the finer the detail. Speed, quoted in pages per minute, is a separate matter and says nothing about quality.
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The brain of any computer system is
Answer: C
Correct answer: CPU
The central processing unit fetches each instruction, decodes it, performs the arithmetic and logic, and directs every other unit - so it is the part that does the thinking, and is called the brain of the machine. The ALU and the control unit are components within the CPU, and memory only holds what the CPU works on.
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What is required when more than one person uses a central computer at the same time?
Answer: D
Correct answer: Terminal
Several people share one central machine by each having a terminal - a keyboard and screen connected to it, with the processing done centrally. A light pen, mouse or digitiser is an input device attached to a single workstation; none of them lets an extra user onto the system.
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Which of the following is the first computer to use Stored Program Concept?
Answer: C
Correct answer: EDSAC
EDSAC, built at Cambridge by Maurice Wilkes and first run in May 1949, was the first practical computer to work on the stored-program principle - instructions held in memory alongside the data, so that a new job needed only new data rather than rewiring. ENIAC had to be reconfigured by hand, and UNIVAC came later.
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