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Interpretation of Data Questions and Answers

Direction for [ Question No: 1 To 6 ] :

On the basis of the data given in the following table, give answers to questions :

Government Expenditures on Social Services (As percent of total expenditure)

Sl. No.Items2007-082008-092009-102010-11
Social Services11.0612.9413.0614.02
(a)Education, sports & youth affairs4.024.043.964.46
(b)Health & family welfare2.051.911.902.03
(c)Water supply, housing, etc.2.022.312.202.27
(d)Information & broadcasting0.220.220.200.22
(e)Welfare to SC/ST & OBC0.360.350.410.63
(f)Labour and employment0.270.270.220.25
(g)Social welfare & nutrition0.820.720.791.06
(h)North-eastern areas0.001.561.501.75
(i)Other social services1.291.551.871.34
Total Government expenditure100.00100.00100.00100.00

1.

How many activities in the social services are there where the expenditure has been less than 5 percent of the total expenditures incurred on the social services in 2008-09 ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

Each item in the table is given as a percentage of total government expenditure. The largest item, education, sports and youth affairs, is 4.04 in 2008-09, and every other item is smaller. So all nine items in the table are below 5 percent of total expenditure in 2008-09, which makes the answer 'all the above'. The choices of one, three or five activities each count only some items and ignore the others that also lie below 5.

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2.

In which year, the expenditures on the social services have increased at the highest rate ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

Compare the total expenditure on social services from year to year: 11.06, 12.94, 13.06 and 14.02.

\[ 2008\text{-}09:\ 12.94-11.06=1.88 \]

\[ 2009\text{-}10:\ 13.06-12.94=0.12 \]

\[ 2010\text{-}11:\ 14.02-13.06=0.96 \]

The biggest rise, 1.88 points or about 17 percent, is in 2008-09. The answer is 2008-09. In percentage terms the rise in 2008-09 is about 17 percent, against about 1 percent in 2009-10 and about 7 percent in 2010-11.

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3.

Which of the following activities remains almost stagnant in terms of share of expenditures ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

An item is stagnant if its share hardly changes. Information and broadcasting stays at 0.22, 0.22, 0.20 and 0.22 over the four years. North-eastern areas jumps from 0.00 to 1.56, welfare to SC/ST and OBC rises from 0.36 to 0.63, and social welfare and nutrition changes from 0.82 to 1.06. The answer is information and broadcasting. The share of information and broadcasting varies only between 0.20 and 0.22 over the four years, a spread of 0.02, while the others change by much more.

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4.

Which of the following item's expenditure share is almost equal to the remaining three items in the given years ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

Add the three small items, information and broadcasting, welfare to SC/ST and OBC, and labour and employment, for each year and compare with social welfare and nutrition.

\[ 2007\text{-}08:\ 0.22+0.36+0.27=0.85\ (0.82) \]

\[ 2008\text{-}09:\ 0.22+0.35+0.27=0.84\ (0.72) \]

\[ 2009\text{-}10:\ 0.20+0.41+0.22=0.83\ (0.79) \]

\[ 2010\text{-}11:\ 0.22+0.63+0.25=1.10\ (1.06) \]

Social welfare and nutrition is within about 0.1 of the sum of the three in every year, so it is the item almost equal to the remaining three. The answer is social welfare and nutrition.

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5.

Which of the following items of social services has registered the highest rate of increase in expenditures during 2007-08 to 2010-11 ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

Calculate the percentage rise in each item's share from 2007-08 to 2010-11.

\[ \text{Education: } \frac{4.46-4.02}{4.02}\approx 11\% \]

\[ \text{SC/ST and OBC: } \frac{0.63-0.36}{0.36}=75\% \]

\[ \text{Social welfare: } \frac{1.06-0.82}{0.82}\approx 29\% \]

\[ \text{Overall: } \frac{14.02-11.06}{11.06}\approx 27\% \]

Welfare to SC/ST and OBC has the highest rate, 75 percent. The answer is welfare to SC/ST and OBC.

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6.

Which of the following items has registered the highest rate of decline in terms of expenditure during 2007-08 to 2009-10 ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

Compare each item's share in 2007-08 and 2009-10.

\[ \text{Labour: } \frac{0.22-0.27}{0.27}\approx -18.5\% \]

\[ \text{Health: } \frac{1.90-2.05}{2.05}\approx -7.3\% \]

\[ \text{Social welfare: } \frac{0.79-0.82}{0.82}\approx -3.7\% \]

\[ \text{Education: } \frac{3.96-4.02}{4.02}\approx -1.5\% \]

Labour and employment has the highest rate of decline. The answer is labour and employment.

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Direction for [ Question No: 7 To 8 ] :

The following questions are based on the following information :

Number of working days annually :

YearEmployee
ABCDE
2018280310315315320
2019300290310315325
2020310300315310320
2021315310315310330
2022295300300305310

7.

Which employee has maximum working days during the years 2018-2022 ?

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: D

The employee with the most working days is E.

Add each column over the five years:

  • A: 280 + 300 + 310 + 315 + 295 = 1500
  • B: 310 + 290 + 300 + 310 + 300 = 1510
  • C: 315 + 310 + 315 + 315 + 300 = 1555
  • D: 315 + 315 + 310 + 310 + 305 = 1555
  • E: 320 + 325 + 320 + 330 + 310 = 1605

E has the highest total, 1605. E also has the highest figure in every single year, which confirms the result without the full addition.

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8.

Which employees have equal number of total working days during 2018-2022 ?

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: B

The employees with equal totals are C and D.

The five-year totals are A 1500, B 1510, C 1555, D 1555 and E 1605. Only C and D are equal, at 1555 each.

A and B differ by 10 (1500 against 1510), B and D by 45, and A, B and C are all different. So every option other than 'C and D' names employees whose totals do not match.

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Direction for [ Question No: 9 To 10 ] :

The following questions are based on the following information :

Out of 20 villages in a certain state, salesman A visited 14 villages, salesman B visited 12 villages. None of them visited 2 villages.

9.

How many villages were visited by both the salesmen ?

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: D

8 villages were visited by both salesmen.

Two of the 20 villages were visited by neither, so 18 were visited by at least one. By the inclusion-exclusion principle:

\[ \begin{aligned} n(A \cup B) &= n(A) + n(B) - n(A \cap B) \\ 18 &= 14 + 12 - n(A \cap B) \\ n(A \cap B) &= 8 \end{aligned} \]

The option 26 simply adds 14 and 12, counting the shared villages twice; 6 is the number visited by A alone (14 - 8), and 4 the number visited by B alone (12 - 8).

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10.

How many villages were visited by at least one salesman ?

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: B

18 villages were visited by at least one salesman.

There are 20 villages, and 2 of them were visited by neither salesman. Every other village was visited by A, by B or by both, so the number visited by at least one is 20 - 2 = 18.

As a check: 14 + 12 - 8 = 18, using the 8 villages both of them visited. The option 26 is 14 + 12, which counts those 8 twice, and 20 forgets the 2 villages that neither visited.

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