Match the following :List IList II(a) Research based on futuristic opinions of panel of experts.(i) Case study(b) Research leading to generalization based on samples.(ii) Experimental(c) Indepth research based on data collected by using multiple tools and techniques.(iii) Survey(d) A research carried to test 'cause effect relationship'.(iv) Delphi

The correct matching is a-iv, b-iii, c-i, d-ii.Research based on the future-oriented opinions of a panel of experts is the Delphi method.Research that generalises from samples is the survey.In-depth research on one unit, using many tools and techniques, is the case study.Research to test a cause and effect relationship is experimental.Two options start a-iv, b-iii. The near miss gives the in-depth study to experimental research and cause and effect to the case study, which reverses the last two pairs.

Research Methods and Metric Studies Questions and Answers

Q: In ................. sampling method, researcher requests respondents to help identify other potential respondents

The method is snowball sampling.In snowball sampling the researcher starts with a few respondents and asks each of them to name or recruit others who fit the study, so the sample grows like a rolling snowball. It is used for populations that are hard to reach or have no list, such as rare specialists or hidden groups.Quota sampling fills fixed numbers from each category, convenience sampling takes whoever is easily available, and purposive sampling has the researcher choose respondents by judgement. None relies on respondents recruiting others.

Q: 'Cranfield Studies' are associated with .................

The Cranfield studies are associated with experimental research.The Cranfield experiments, led by Cyril Cleverdon at the College of Aeronautics, Cranfield, between 1957 and 1966, compared indexing languages under controlled conditions: the same documents and test queries were run through different systems, and the results were measured by recall and precision. That controlled comparison is the defining feature of experimental research.They were not a case study of one institution, not historical research into the past, and not a survey of users' opinions, though their measures are still used in evaluating retrieval systems.

Q: Identify the odd component from the following :

The odd one out is Close-ended.Covert, participatory and non-participatory are all kinds of observation, a method of data collection. In participatory observation the researcher joins the group being studied, in non-participatory observation the researcher watches from outside, and in covert observation the subjects do not know they are being observed.Close-ended describes a type of question in a questionnaire or interview, with fixed answer options. It belongs to a different method, so it is the odd component.

Q: In historical research, the evaluation carried out to test the authenticity of the source document is referred to as :

Testing the authenticity of a source document is External evaluation, also called external criticism.Historical method checks a source in two steps. External criticism asks whether the document is genuine: who wrote it, when and where, and whether it is a forgery or a later copy, judged from its material, handwriting, language and provenance. Internal criticism then asks whether the content of a genuine document is accurate and credible.Internal evaluation is therefore about the truth of the contents, not the authenticity of the document. 'Literary evaluation' and 'secondary evaluation' are not the recognised names of either step.

Q: Identify correct sequence of the Steven's four levels of measurement scales :

The correct sequence is Nominal; Ordinal; Interval; Ratio.S.S. Stevens (1946) arranged the levels of measurement from the least to the most informative. Nominal scales only name categories (gender, subject). Ordinal scales add rank order (first, second, third). Interval scales add equal distances between points but have no true zero (temperature in Celsius). Ratio scales add a true zero, so ratios are meaningful (number of books, age).Each level keeps the properties of the one before it, which fixes the order. The other options place ordinal, interval or ratio out of this cumulative sequence.

Q: .................... and .................... are totally free plagiarism detection software.(i) Turnitin(ii) Viper(iii) Urkund(iv) EduBirdie

The key gives (ii) and (iv): Viper and EduBirdie.Viper and the EduBirdie plagiarism checker have been offered free of charge to individual users online.Turnitin and Urkund (later renamed Ouriginal) are commercial services that institutions subscribe to; universities in India, for example, have used Urkund under a national licence. Because both are paid services, every option that includes (i) or (iii) is wrong, leaving (ii) and (iv) as the only pair of free tools.

Q: Identify the logical sequence of activities related with compiling a literature review :(i) Identification of keywords(ii) Searching literature(iii) Writing literature review(iv) Reading literature

The logical sequence is (i) (ii) (iv) (iii): identify keywords, search, read, write.A literature review begins by identifying the keywords and concepts of the topic, which are then used to search catalogues, databases and indexes. The literature found is read and evaluated, and only then is the review written, synthesising what has been read.Writing cannot come before reading, and searching needs keywords first. The options that start with searching, or put writing before reading, break this order.

Q: Identify the correct chronological sequence of origin of the following metrics :(i) Bibliometrics(ii) Informetrics(iii) Altmetrics(iv) Webometrics

The chronological order is (i) (ii) (iv) (iii): bibliometrics, informetrics, webometrics, altmetrics.Bibliometrics: term proposed by Alan Pritchard in 1969.Informetrics: term introduced by Otto Nacke in 1979.Webometrics: term coined by Almind and Ingwersen in 1997.Altmetrics: proposed by Jason Priem and colleagues in 2010, in the 'Altmetrics: a manifesto'.The first option is the trap: it puts altmetrics, the newest, before webometrics.

21.

In ................. sampling method, researcher requests respondents to help identify other potential respondents

A.Quota
B.Convenience
C.Snowball
D.Purposive

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: C

The method is snowball sampling.

In snowball sampling the researcher starts with a few respondents and asks each of them to name or recruit others who fit the study, so the sample grows like a rolling snowball. It is used for populations that are hard to reach or have no list, such as rare specialists or hidden groups.

Quota sampling fills fixed numbers from each category, convenience sampling takes whoever is easily available, and purposive sampling has the researcher choose respondents by judgement. None relies on respondents recruiting others.

Discuss in Forum

22.

'Cranfield Studies' are associated with .................

A.Case study research
B.Historical research
C.Experimental research
D.Survey research

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: C

The Cranfield studies are associated with experimental research.

The Cranfield experiments, led by Cyril Cleverdon at the College of Aeronautics, Cranfield, between 1957 and 1966, compared indexing languages under controlled conditions: the same documents and test queries were run through different systems, and the results were measured by recall and precision. That controlled comparison is the defining feature of experimental research.

They were not a case study of one institution, not historical research into the past, and not a survey of users' opinions, though their measures are still used in evaluating retrieval systems.

Discuss in Forum

23.

The 'Methodology' section of a research proposal includes .............

(i) Population and sample of the research.
(ii) Results of the prior research.
(iii) Information about data collection techniques and tools to be used in research.
(iv) Findings of the present research.

A.(i) and (iii) are correct
B.(ii) and (iv) are correct
C.(ii) and (iii) are correct
D.(iii) and (iv) are correct

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: A

The methodology section covers the population and sample, and the data collection techniques and tools, so the answer is (i) and (iii) are correct.

A research proposal describes the study before it is done. Its methodology section explains how it will be carried out: the population and the sample (i), the research design, and the techniques and tools of data collection (iii), such as questionnaires or interviews, along with the planned analysis.

Results of prior research (ii) belong in the literature review, and findings of the present research (iv) cannot appear in a proposal, since the study has not yet been done. Every option with (ii) or (iv) is wrong.

Discuss in Forum

24.

Match the following :

List I	List II
(a) Research based on futuristic opinions of panel of experts.	(i) Case study
(b) Research leading to generalization based on samples.	(ii) Experimental
(c) Indepth research based on data collected by using multiple tools and techniques.	(iii) Survey
(d) A research carried to test 'cause effect relationship'.	(iv) Delphi

A.a-i, b-ii, c-iii, d-iv
B.a-iv, b-iii, c-ii, d-i
C.a-iv, b-iii, c-i, d-ii
D.a-i, b-ii, c-iv, d-iii

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: C

The correct matching is a-iv, b-iii, c-i, d-ii.

Research based on the future-oriented opinions of a panel of experts is the Delphi method.
Research that generalises from samples is the survey.
In-depth research on one unit, using many tools and techniques, is the case study.
Research to test a cause and effect relationship is experimental.

Two options start a-iv, b-iii. The near miss gives the in-depth study to experimental research and cause and effect to the case study, which reverses the last two pairs.

Discuss in Forum

25.

Identify the odd component from the following :

A.Covert
B.Close-ended
C.Participatory
D.Non-participatory

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: B

The odd one out is Close-ended.

Covert, participatory and non-participatory are all kinds of observation, a method of data collection. In participatory observation the researcher joins the group being studied, in non-participatory observation the researcher watches from outside, and in covert observation the subjects do not know they are being observed.

Close-ended describes a type of question in a questionnaire or interview, with fixed answer options. It belongs to a different method, so it is the odd component.

Discuss in Forum

26.

In historical research, the evaluation carried out to test the authenticity of the source document is referred to as :

A.Internal evaluation
B.External evaluation
C.Literary evaluation
D.Secondary evaluation

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: B

Testing the authenticity of a source document is External evaluation, also called external criticism.

Historical method checks a source in two steps. External criticism asks whether the document is genuine: who wrote it, when and where, and whether it is a forgery or a later copy, judged from its material, handwriting, language and provenance. Internal criticism then asks whether the content of a genuine document is accurate and credible.

Internal evaluation is therefore about the truth of the contents, not the authenticity of the document. 'Literary evaluation' and 'secondary evaluation' are not the recognised names of either step.

Discuss in Forum

27.

Identify correct sequence of the Steven's four levels of measurement scales :

A.Ordinal; Interval; Nominal; Ratio
B.Nominal; Ratio; Ordinal; Interval
C.Nominal; Interval; Ordinal; Ratio
D.Nominal; Ordinal; Interval; Ratio

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: D

The correct sequence is Nominal; Ordinal; Interval; Ratio.

S.S. Stevens (1946) arranged the levels of measurement from the least to the most informative. Nominal scales only name categories (gender, subject). Ordinal scales add rank order (first, second, third). Interval scales add equal distances between points but have no true zero (temperature in Celsius). Ratio scales add a true zero, so ratios are meaningful (number of books, age).

Each level keeps the properties of the one before it, which fixes the order. The other options place ordinal, interval or ratio out of this cumulative sequence.

Discuss in Forum

28.

.................... and .................... are totally free plagiarism detection software.

(i) Turnitin
(ii) Viper
(iii) Urkund
(iv) EduBirdie

A.(ii) and (iv) are correct
B.(i) and (ii) are correct
C.(i) and (iii) are correct
D.(ii) and (iii) are correct

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: A

The key gives (ii) and (iv): Viper and EduBirdie.

Viper and the EduBirdie plagiarism checker have been offered free of charge to individual users online.

Turnitin and Urkund (later renamed Ouriginal) are commercial services that institutions subscribe to; universities in India, for example, have used Urkund under a national licence. Because both are paid services, every option that includes (i) or (iii) is wrong, leaving (ii) and (iv) as the only pair of free tools.

Discuss in Forum

29.

Identify the logical sequence of activities related with compiling a literature review :

(i) Identification of keywords
(ii) Searching literature
(iii) Writing literature review
(iv) Reading literature

A.(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
B.(ii) (i) (iv) (iii)
C.(i) (ii) (iv) (iii)
D.(i) (iv) (iii) (ii)

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: C

The logical sequence is (i) (ii) (iv) (iii): identify keywords, search, read, write.

A literature review begins by identifying the keywords and concepts of the topic, which are then used to search catalogues, databases and indexes. The literature found is read and evaluated, and only then is the review written, synthesising what has been read.

Writing cannot come before reading, and searching needs keywords first. The options that start with searching, or put writing before reading, break this order.

Discuss in Forum

30.

Identify the correct chronological sequence of origin of the following metrics :

(i) Bibliometrics
(ii) Informetrics
(iii) Altmetrics
(iv) Webometrics

A.(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
B.(i) (ii) (iv) (iii)
C.(iv) (iii) (ii) (i)
D.(iii) (ii) (i) (iv)

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: B

The chronological order is (i) (ii) (iv) (iii): bibliometrics, informetrics, webometrics, altmetrics.

Bibliometrics: term proposed by Alan Pritchard in 1969.
Informetrics: term introduced by Otto Nacke in 1979.
Webometrics: term coined by Almind and Ingwersen in 1997.
Altmetrics: proposed by Jason Priem and colleagues in 2010, in the 'Altmetrics: a manifesto'.

The first option is the trap: it puts altmetrics, the newest, before webometrics.

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