Applied Philosophy Questions and Answers

Q: Who is the author of Silent Spring ?

The author of Silent Spring is Rachel Carson.Rachel Carson, an American marine biologist, published Silent Spring in 1962. It documented the harm done by synthetic pesticides such as DDT to birds, wildlife and human health, and its title imagines a spring in which no birds sing. The book is widely credited with starting the modern environmental movement.The others are later or different figures in environmental thought: Arne Naess founded deep ecology, Aldo Leopold wrote A Sand County Almanac, and Peter Singer wrote Animal Liberation and Practical Ethics.

Q: Which of the following isn't principle of media ethics ?

The one that is not a principle of media ethics is Propaganda.Media ethics asks journalists to report truthfully and accurately, to be fair and impartial, to respect people's privacy except where the public interest outweighs it, and to be accountable for what they publish. Propaganda, the deliberate spreading of one-sided or misleading information to shape opinion in favour of a cause, violates those principles.Ensuring the authenticity of the news is the duty of accuracy and verification, an unbiased attitude is the duty of fairness and impartiality, and maintaining privacy is a recognised limit on intrusion. All three are principles of media ethics.

Q: Which of the following theories represents Ethical holism ?

Ethical holism is represented by Land Ethics.Aldo Leopold's land ethic, in A Sand County Almanac (1949), enlarges the moral community to include soils, waters, plants and animals, 'collectively: the land'. Its maxim is that a thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability and beauty of the biotic community. The whole community, not the individual organism, is the bearer of moral value, which is what makes it holistic.Anthropocentric morality and shallow ecology value nature only for human use. Deep ecology also has holist strands, but the standard example of ethical holism in environmental ethics is Leopold's land ethic.

Q: Indian Ethics do not support any kind of euthanasia on the grounds that :

The ground is that life is a divine gift and one gets it as per the result of past Karmas.In the Indian traditions, life is received according to one's karma and is to be lived out so that karma can work itself out. Cutting it short by deliberate killing, even out of compassion, interferes with that process and is generally condemned as a form of violence (himsa).The other options misstate the tradition. Indian ethics does not hold that life is immaterial, and it does not say that any thought of death is sinful or meaningless: reflection on death is in fact encouraged in many schools.

Q: The thesis that, "there is a fundamental ontological distinction between natural things and artifacts" is closely related to ....... .

The thesis is closely related to philosophy of technology.Whether artifacts, things made by humans for a purpose, differ in kind (ontologically) from natural things is a central question in the philosophy of technology. It goes back to Aristotle's distinction between things that exist by nature, with their own source of change, and things that exist by art, whose form comes from the maker.Ethics, epistemology and the philosophy of social science have their own central questions; the ontology of artifacts belongs to the study of technology.

Q: Ethical codes prescribed to lawyers is ......................... ethics.

Ethical codes prescribed to lawyers are professional ethics.Professional ethics are the standards of conduct laid down for members of a profession, such as lawyers, doctors and engineers, governing duties to clients, the court and the public. For advocates in India, the Bar Council of India Rules set out these duties.Medical ethics is the professional ethics of doctors in particular, not lawyers. Social ethics deals with the moral questions of society at large, and utilitarian ethics is a normative theory, not a code for a profession.

Q: What is not included in the definition of health given by WHO?

The WHO definition does not include political well-being.The Constitution of the World Health Organization (1946) defines health as 'a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity'.Physical, mental and social well-being are the three components named in that definition, so each of those options is included. Political well-being is not mentioned.

Q: Branch of ethics which deals with the ethical issues with biology and medicine is called :

The branch is called bioethics.Bioethics studies the ethical questions raised by biology and medicine: euthanasia, abortion, genetic engineering, organ transplantation, research on human subjects and the like. The term was popularised in the 1970s by Van Rensselaer Potter.Philosophy of biology and philosophy of medicine study the concepts and methods of those sciences rather than their ethical issues. Environmental ethics deals with our moral relation to nature, not with medicine.

Q: Instrumental and consumerist approach towards environment is called ................ .

The approach is called shallow ecology.Arne Naess, who coined the terms in 1973, described the shallow ecology movement as fighting pollution and resource depletion chiefly for the health and affluence of people in developed countries. Nature is valued instrumentally, as a resource for human use and consumption.Deep ecology, by contrast, holds that nature has value in itself, independent of human use. 'Cosmocentric' and 'green' ecology are not the standard name for the instrumental, consumerist approach.

11.

Who is the author of Silent Spring ?

A.Rachel Carson
B.Arne Naess
C.Aldo Leopold
D.Peter Singer

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: A

The author of Silent Spring is Rachel Carson.

Rachel Carson, an American marine biologist, published Silent Spring in 1962. It documented the harm done by synthetic pesticides such as DDT to birds, wildlife and human health, and its title imagines a spring in which no birds sing. The book is widely credited with starting the modern environmental movement.

The others are later or different figures in environmental thought: Arne Naess founded deep ecology, Aldo Leopold wrote A Sand County Almanac, and Peter Singer wrote Animal Liberation and Practical Ethics.

Discuss in Forum

12.

Which of the following isn't principle of media ethics ?

A.Ensuring the authenticity of the news
B.Unbiased attitude
C.Maintaining privacy
D.Propaganda

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: D

The one that is not a principle of media ethics is Propaganda.

Media ethics asks journalists to report truthfully and accurately, to be fair and impartial, to respect people's privacy except where the public interest outweighs it, and to be accountable for what they publish. Propaganda, the deliberate spreading of one-sided or misleading information to shape opinion in favour of a cause, violates those principles.

Ensuring the authenticity of the news is the duty of accuracy and verification, an unbiased attitude is the duty of fairness and impartiality, and maintaining privacy is a recognised limit on intrusion. All three are principles of media ethics.

Discuss in Forum

13.

Which of the following theories represents Ethical holism ?

A.Anthropocentric morality
B.Land Ethics
C.Deep Ecology
D.Shallow Ecology

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: B

Ethical holism is represented by Land Ethics.

Aldo Leopold's land ethic, in A Sand County Almanac (1949), enlarges the moral community to include soils, waters, plants and animals, 'collectively: the land'. Its maxim is that a thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability and beauty of the biotic community. The whole community, not the individual organism, is the bearer of moral value, which is what makes it holistic.

Anthropocentric morality and shallow ecology value nature only for human use. Deep ecology also has holist strands, but the standard example of ethical holism in environmental ethics is Leopold's land ethic.

Discuss in Forum

14.

Indian Ethics do not support any kind of euthanasia on the grounds that :

A.Life is immaterial and one doesn't have to bother about the type of death.
B.Any thought of death is sinful.
C.Life is a divine gift and one gets it as per the result of past Karmas.
D.Any thought of death is meaningless.

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: C

The ground is that life is a divine gift and one gets it as per the result of past Karmas.

In the Indian traditions, life is received according to one's karma and is to be lived out so that karma can work itself out. Cutting it short by deliberate killing, even out of compassion, interferes with that process and is generally condemned as a form of violence (himsa).

The other options misstate the tradition. Indian ethics does not hold that life is immaterial, and it does not say that any thought of death is sinful or meaningless: reflection on death is in fact encouraged in many schools.

Discuss in Forum

15.

Consequences of technology on human life are studied under :

A.Metaphysics
B.Epistemology
C.Philosophy of technology
D.Philosophy of art

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: C

The consequences of technology on human life are studied under philosophy of technology.

Philosophy of technology examines the nature of technology and its effects on human life, society and values, from Heidegger's 'The Question Concerning Technology' to work on the ethics of new technologies.

Metaphysics studies the ultimate nature of reality, epistemology studies knowledge and its justification, and philosophy of art studies beauty and artistic creation. None of them is the field devoted to technology and its consequences.

Discuss in Forum

16.

The thesis that, "there is a fundamental ontological distinction between natural things and artifacts" is closely related to ....... .

A.Ethics
B.Epistemology
C.Philosophy of social science
D.Philosophy of technology

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: D

The thesis is closely related to philosophy of technology.

Whether artifacts, things made by humans for a purpose, differ in kind (ontologically) from natural things is a central question in the philosophy of technology. It goes back to Aristotle's distinction between things that exist by nature, with their own source of change, and things that exist by art, whose form comes from the maker.

Ethics, epistemology and the philosophy of social science have their own central questions; the ontology of artifacts belongs to the study of technology.

Discuss in Forum

17.

Ethical codes prescribed to lawyers is ......................... ethics.

A.Medical
B.Social
C.Professional
D.Utilitarian

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: C

Ethical codes prescribed to lawyers are professional ethics.

Professional ethics are the standards of conduct laid down for members of a profession, such as lawyers, doctors and engineers, governing duties to clients, the court and the public. For advocates in India, the Bar Council of India Rules set out these duties.

Medical ethics is the professional ethics of doctors in particular, not lawyers. Social ethics deals with the moral questions of society at large, and utilitarian ethics is a normative theory, not a code for a profession.

Discuss in Forum

18.

What is not included in the definition of health given by WHO?

A.Physical well-being
B.Mental well-being
C.Social well-being
D.Political well-being

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: D

The WHO definition does not include political well-being.

The Constitution of the World Health Organization (1946) defines health as 'a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity'.

Physical, mental and social well-being are the three components named in that definition, so each of those options is included. Political well-being is not mentioned.

Discuss in Forum

19.

Branch of ethics which deals with the ethical issues with biology and medicine is called :

A.Philosophy of biology
B.Philosophy of medicine
C.Bioethics
D.Environmental ethics

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: C

The branch is called bioethics.

Bioethics studies the ethical questions raised by biology and medicine: euthanasia, abortion, genetic engineering, organ transplantation, research on human subjects and the like. The term was popularised in the 1970s by Van Rensselaer Potter.

Philosophy of biology and philosophy of medicine study the concepts and methods of those sciences rather than their ethical issues. Environmental ethics deals with our moral relation to nature, not with medicine.

Discuss in Forum

20.

Instrumental and consumerist approach towards environment is called ................ .

A.Shallow ecology
B.Deep ecology
C.Cosmocentric ecology
D.Green ecology

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: A

The approach is called shallow ecology.

Arne Naess, who coined the terms in 1973, described the shallow ecology movement as fighting pollution and resource depletion chiefly for the health and affluence of people in developed countries. Nature is valued instrumentally, as a resource for human use and consumption.

Deep ecology, by contrast, holds that nature has value in itself, independent of human use. 'Cosmocentric' and 'green' ecology are not the standard name for the instrumental, consumerist approach.

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