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Deductive and Inductive Reasoning Questions and Answers

11.

If the statement 'most of the students are obedient' is taken to be true, which one of the following pair of statements can be claimed to be true ?

I. All obedient persons are students.
II. All students are obedient.
III. Some students are obedient.
IV. Some students are not disobedient.
Codes :

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

If 'most of the students are obedient', then more than half the students are obedient, so some students are obedient (III) must be true. Since the obedient ones are only most, not all, we cannot say all students are obedient, so II is not claimed. I does not follow, as obedient persons may include non-students. IV says some students are not disobedient, which means some students are obedient, and so follows. So III and IV can be claimed, and the answer is III and IV.

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12.

Choose the right code : A deductive argument claims that :

I. The conclusion does not claim something more than that which is contained in the premises.
II. The conclusion is supported by the premise/premises conclusively.
III. If the conclusion is false, then premise/premises may be either true or false.
IV. If premise/combination of premises is true, then conclusion must be true.
Codes :

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

A deductive argument claims that its conclusion follows necessarily from its premises. So the conclusion does not go beyond what is contained in the premises (I), and the premises support it conclusively (II). Statement III is false: if the conclusion of a valid deductive argument is false, at least one premise must be false, so the premises cannot be either true or false. Because III is false, the options containing it, 'I and III', 'II and III' and 'all the above', cannot be right. The answer is I and II.

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13.

Reasoning by analogy leads to

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

Reasoning by analogy infers that two things which are alike in some respects are alike in a further respect. The conclusion goes beyond the premises, and so it is probable and not certain, which makes it a predictive conjecture. Certainty, a definite conclusion and surety are words for deductive reasoning, in which the conclusion follows necessarily from the premises, and analogy is a form of inductive reasoning. The answer is predictive conjecture.

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