ICT Fundamentals for Libraries Questions and Answers

Q: Match the following :List IList II(a) Public cloud(i) Set of co-operating institutions with similar requirements may request a provider to create cloud infrastructure for their exclusive use(b) Private cloud(ii) Cloud bursting(c) Hybrid cloud(iii) Proprietary network and infrastructure which is provided to a single customer(d) Community cloud(iv) Sell service to anyone Multi-tenanted service

The correct match is a-iv, b-iii, c-ii, d-i.A public cloud sells its service to anyone, with many customers sharing the infrastructure (multitenancy) (a-iv). A private cloud is proprietary infrastructure provided to a single customer (b-iii). A hybrid cloud combines the two, and cloud bursting, where an application overflows from the private to the public cloud at peak load, is its typical use (c-ii). A community cloud is shared by co-operating institutions with similar needs for their exclusive use (d-i).Only option D gives all four.

Q: Which part of the QR code represents the encoded data ?

The encoded data is held in the Data element.A QR code has function patterns that help a scanner read it and a data area that carries the content. The data and error-correction codewords are stored as black and white modules in that data region.The three positioning (finder) patterns in the corners only tell the scanner where the code is and how it is oriented. 'Location' is what those patterns establish, not data, and a 'programme for reading' is the scanner software, not part of the code.

Q: In context to modulation, PCM stands for

In modulation, PCM stands for Pulse Code Modulation, so the answer is A.In pulse code modulation an analogue signal is sampled at regular intervals, each sample is quantised and the value is coded in binary, so the signal can be sent as digital pulses. It is the basis of digital telephony and digital audio.The other three expansions are not terms in use.

Q: Which topology of computer network provides faster server access ?(i) BUS Network Topology(ii) RING Network Topology(iii) MULTIPLE RING Network Topology(iv) STAR Network Topology

The key accepts (ii) ring and (iv) star as the topologies that give faster access to the server, so the answer is D.In a star network every node has its own link to a central hub or server, so traffic does not have to pass through other nodes. In a ring network the data circulate in a fixed direction with a token and access is orderly and fast under load.A bus network (i) shares one line among all nodes, and heavy traffic causes collisions that slow the access. This is why options A and B, which include the bus, are rejected, and option C leaves out the star.

101.

Match the following :

List I	List II
(a) Public cloud	(i) Set of co-operating institutions with similar requirements may request a provider to create cloud infrastructure for their exclusive use
(b) Private cloud	(ii) Cloud bursting
(c) Hybrid cloud	(iii) Proprietary network and infrastructure which is provided to a single customer
(d) Community cloud	(iv) Sell service to anyone Multi-tenanted service

A.a-ii, b-iii, c-i, d-iv
B.a-iii, b-i, c-iv, d-ii
C.a-iv, b-ii, c-i, d-iii
D.a-iv, b-iii, c-ii, d-i

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: D

The correct match is a-iv, b-iii, c-ii, d-i.

A public cloud sells its service to anyone, with many customers sharing the infrastructure (multitenancy) (a-iv). A private cloud is proprietary infrastructure provided to a single customer (b-iii). A hybrid cloud combines the two, and cloud bursting, where an application overflows from the private to the public cloud at peak load, is its typical use (c-ii). A community cloud is shared by co-operating institutions with similar needs for their exclusive use (d-i).

Only option D gives all four.

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102.

Which part of the QR code represents the encoded data ?

A.Three positioning element
B.Data element
C.Location
D.Programme for reading

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: B

The encoded data is held in the Data element.

A QR code has function patterns that help a scanner read it and a data area that carries the content. The data and error-correction codewords are stored as black and white modules in that data region.

The three positioning (finder) patterns in the corners only tell the scanner where the code is and how it is oriented. 'Location' is what those patterns establish, not data, and a 'programme for reading' is the scanner software, not part of the code.

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103.

Which one of the following is not a switching system ?

A.Packet
B.Circuit
C.Router
D.Message

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

Packet switching, circuit switching and message switching are the three switching systems used in data communication. A router is a device that forwards packets between networks, not a switching system. Circuit switching sets up a dedicated path, as in the telephone network, and message switching stores whole messages and passes them on, while packet switching breaks data into packets. The answer is the router. Message switching is the oldest of the three, used in telegraph systems.

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104.

The general image file formats are :

(i) TIFF (ii) JPEG
(iii) MPEG (iv) PNG
Codes :

A.(i), (ii) and (iii) are correct.
B.(i), (iii) and (iv) are correct.
C.(i), (ii) and (iv) are correct.
D.(ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

TIFF, JPEG and PNG are image file formats, used for scanned pages, photographs and web graphics. MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group) is a standard for compressing video and audio, not for still images. So (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct. The answer is the third option. In practice TIFF is preferred for archival scans, JPEG for photographs and PNG for lossless web images, while MPEG is used for video clips. All four formats named in the question are file types, but only three of them hold still images.

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105.

Which of the following are common types of protocols ?

(i) HTTP (ii) FTP
(iii) Telnet (iv) Gopher
Codes :

A.(i) and (ii) are correct.
B.(i), (ii) and (iv) are correct.
C.(iii) and (iv) are correct.
D.(i), (ii) and (iii) are correct.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

HTTP (web pages), FTP (file transfer) and Telnet (remote login) are the common protocols of the Internet. Gopher, a menu-based retrieval system of the early 1990s, is also a protocol but has become almost unused, so the common ones are (i), (ii) and (iii). The options with Gopher, or without HTTP and FTP, leave out the main ones. The answer is (i), (ii) and (iii). Telnet allows a user to log into a remote computer, which is how many library catalogues were once searched.

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106.

Arrange the following according to their year of origin :

(i) UNICODE
(ii) XML
(iii) HTML
(iv) SGML
Codes :

A.(iv), (iii), (i), (ii)
B.(iii), (iv), (ii), (i)
C.(ii), (iv), (i), (iii)
D.(i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

SGML, the Standard Generalized Markup Language, dates from 1986, HTML from 1991, Unicode from 1991, and XML from 1996-98. So the order of origin is (iv), (iii), (i), (ii): SGML, HTML, Unicode and XML. XML was derived from SGML and could not come before it, which rules out the options that put XML first or HTML before SGML. The answer is the first sequence. Unicode is the character encoding that allows all scripts to be coded, and HTML and XML are markup languages that use it.

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107.

Match the following :

List - I	List - II
a. File transfer protocol	i. Data transmission capacity
b. Multimedia	ii. Integration of text, colour sound and animation
c. Bandwidth	iii. Bulletin Board
d. Electronic Notice Board	iv. Internet

Codes : a b c d

A.iv ii i iii
B.i iii ii iv
C.ii i iv iii
D.i iv ii iii

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

The correct match is a-iv, b-ii, c-i, d-iii. File transfer protocol is an Internet service. Multimedia is the integration of text, colour, sound and animation. Bandwidth is the data transmission capacity of a channel, and an electronic notice board is a bulletin board. This gives the code iv ii i iii, which is option (A). Bandwidth is measured in bits per second, so it is the capacity of a channel, whereas a bulletin board posts notices that many users can read.

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108.

Match the following :

List - I	List - II
a. ISDN	i. Web page
b. URL	ii. Video Conferencing
c. Firewall	iii. Internet Standard for Information Transmission
d. HTTP	iv. Protecting unauthorised access internet

Codes : a b c d

A.iii iv i ii
B.iv i iii ii
C.ii i iv iii
D.i iii ii iv

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

The correct match is a-ii, b-i, c-iv, d-iii. ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) carries voice and video, and is used for video conferencing. A URL is the address of a web page. A firewall protects a network from unauthorised access from the Internet, and HTTP is the Internet standard for transmitting information on the web. This gives the code ii i iv iii, which is option (C). A URL, such as an address that begins with http, names the place where a web page is held.

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109.

In context to modulation, PCM stands for

A.Pulse Code Modulation
B.Phase Control Modulation
C.Popular Code Modulation
D.Penultimate Code Modulation

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

In modulation, PCM stands for Pulse Code Modulation, so the answer is A.

In pulse code modulation an analogue signal is sampled at regular intervals, each sample is quantised and the value is coded in binary, so the signal can be sent as digital pulses. It is the basis of digital telephony and digital audio.

The other three expansions are not terms in use.

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110.

Which topology of computer network provides faster server access ?

(i) BUS Network Topology
(ii) RING Network Topology
(iii) MULTIPLE RING Network Topology
(iv) STAR Network Topology

A.(i) and (ii) are correct.
B.(i) and (iii) are correct.
C.(ii) and (iii) are correct.
D.(ii) and (iv) are correct.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

The key accepts (ii) ring and (iv) star as the topologies that give faster access to the server, so the answer is D.

In a star network every node has its own link to a central hub or server, so traffic does not have to pass through other nodes. In a ring network the data circulate in a fixed direction with a token and access is orderly and fast under load.

A bus network (i) shares one line among all nodes, and heavy traffic causes collisions that slow the access. This is why options A and B, which include the bus, are rejected, and option C leaves out the star.

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