Match the pair using the codes given below :List IList II(i) Immanuel Wallerstein(a) Modernization(ii) S. M. Lipset(b) Dependency theory(iii) David Apter(c) World system theory(iv) Samir Amin(d) Democracy in developing countries

The correct matching is (i)-(c), (ii)-(d), (iii)-(a), (iv)-(b).Immanuel Wallerstein developed world system theory.S. M. Lipset studied the social requisites of democracy, linking it with economic development.David Apter wrote The Politics of Modernization (1965).Samir Amin is a leading dependency theorist, author of Accumulation on a World Scale.Only one option pairs Wallerstein with world system theory, which rules out the rest.

International Relations Questions and Answers

Q: The SALT-I treaty was signed by :

SALT-I was signed by the US and Soviet Union.The first Strategic Arms Limitation Talks produced the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty and the Interim Agreement on strategic offensive arms, signed by President Richard Nixon and General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev in Moscow in May 1972.France and Britain were not parties to SALT, which was a bilateral superpower process. Every option including France or Britain is therefore wrong.

Q: When did the UN General Assembly adopt the "Uniting for Peace" Resolution ?

The Uniting for Peace resolution was adopted During the Korean War.The General Assembly passed Resolution 377 (V) in November 1950, when Soviet vetoes were blocking Security Council action in Korea. It lets the Assembly take up a threat to peace when the Council fails to act because of a veto.The resolution was later used during the Suez crisis of 1956 (an Arab-Israeli conflict), but it was not adopted then. The Vietnam War and the Falklands War of 1982 came long after it.

Q: Who had first proposed the "Atoms for Peace Plan" in 1953 ?

The 'Atoms for Peace' plan was proposed by Dwight Eisenhower.President Eisenhower outlined it in his speech to the UN General Assembly on 8 December 1953, proposing that nuclear technology be shared for peaceful uses under international supervision. It led to the founding of the International Atomic Energy Agency in 1957.Truman was president until January 1953, and Kennedy and Nixon came to office later.

Q: Which of the following is the main objective of the Threshold Test Ban Treaty ?

The Threshold Test Ban Treaty bans underground nuclear tests having a yield of more than 150 kilotons.Signed by the US and the USSR in 1974, the treaty set a 'threshold' of 150 kilotons for underground nuclear weapon tests. Tests in the atmosphere, space and under water had already been banned by the Partial Test Ban Treaty of 1963.The 100-kiloton figure is wrong, and the treaty has nothing to do with transferring nuclear or space technology to non-nuclear states, which is the concern of the Non-Proliferation Treaty and export-control regimes.

Q: 'The clash of civilizations' and 'New World Order' predict an ideological shift in the Post-cold war period from :

The predicted shift is from political ideology to culture and religion.Samuel Huntington argued in 'The Clash of Civilizations' (1993) that after the Cold War the great divisions among humankind would be cultural rather than ideological or economic, with conflicts along the fault lines between civilizations defined largely by religion.A move from political ideology to economic liberalism is Francis Fukuyama's 'end of history'. 'Geopolitics to geo-economics' is Edward Luttwak's thesis. Huntington still treated nation-states as the main actors, with civilizations shaping their alignments, so the shift is not from the nation-state to the civilization.

41.

The SALT-I treaty was signed by :

A.France and Soviet Union
B.Britain and France
C.France and US
D.US and Soviet Union

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: D

SALT-I was signed by the US and Soviet Union.

The first Strategic Arms Limitation Talks produced the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty and the Interim Agreement on strategic offensive arms, signed by President Richard Nixon and General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev in Moscow in May 1972.

France and Britain were not parties to SALT, which was a bilateral superpower process. Every option including France or Britain is therefore wrong.

Discuss in Forum

42.

When did the UN General Assembly adopt the "Uniting for Peace" Resolution ?

A.During the Vietnam War
B.During the Korean War
C.During the Arab-Israel War
D.During the Falklands War

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: B

The Uniting for Peace resolution was adopted During the Korean War.

The General Assembly passed Resolution 377 (V) in November 1950, when Soviet vetoes were blocking Security Council action in Korea. It lets the Assembly take up a threat to peace when the Council fails to act because of a veto.

The resolution was later used during the Suez crisis of 1956 (an Arab-Israeli conflict), but it was not adopted then. The Vietnam War and the Falklands War of 1982 came long after it.

Discuss in Forum

43.

Which of the following groups does not have a free trade agreement among members ?

A.European Union
B.India-Brazil-South Africa (IBSA)
C.South Asian Association of Regional Co-operation (SAARC)
D.Mercosure

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: B

The group without a free trade agreement among its members is India-Brazil-South Africa (IBSA).

IBSA, formed by the Brasilia Declaration of 2003, is a forum for political dialogue and cooperation among three democracies on different continents. It has discussed a trilateral trade arrangement but has no free trade agreement.

The European Union is a customs union and single market, SAARC members have the South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA, 2006), and Mercosur (spelt 'Mercosure' here) is a South American customs union with free trade among members.

Discuss in Forum

44.

Who had first proposed the "Atoms for Peace Plan" in 1953 ?

A.Richard Nixon
B.Harry Truman
C.Dwight Eisenhower
D.John F. Kennedy

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: C

The 'Atoms for Peace' plan was proposed by Dwight Eisenhower.

President Eisenhower outlined it in his speech to the UN General Assembly on 8 December 1953, proposing that nuclear technology be shared for peaceful uses under international supervision. It led to the founding of the International Atomic Energy Agency in 1957.

Truman was president until January 1953, and Kennedy and Nixon came to office later.

Discuss in Forum

45.

Which of the following is the main objective of the Threshold Test Ban Treaty ?

A.Ban on transfer of space technology to the non-nuclear states
B.Ban on transfer of nuclear technology to non-nuclear states
C.Ban on nuclear tests having a yield of more than 100 kilotons
D.Ban on underground nuclear tests having a yield of more than 150 kilotons

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: D

The Threshold Test Ban Treaty bans underground nuclear tests having a yield of more than 150 kilotons.

Signed by the US and the USSR in 1974, the treaty set a 'threshold' of 150 kilotons for underground nuclear weapon tests. Tests in the atmosphere, space and under water had already been banned by the Partial Test Ban Treaty of 1963.

The 100-kiloton figure is wrong, and the treaty has nothing to do with transferring nuclear or space technology to non-nuclear states, which is the concern of the Non-Proliferation Treaty and export-control regimes.

Discuss in Forum

46.

Which of the following statement/s is/are not correct description of 'Theory of Peace' ?

(i) It shifts the focus of international relations away from the interstate level of analysis
(ii) It leads to a broad conception of social relations at individual, domestic and global levels of analysis
(iii) It seeks to deconstruct the narratives of states, international systems and other actors in international politics
(iv) It connects study of war and peace with economic inequality, with gender relations, with cross-cultural understanding

A.Only (iii)
B.(ii) and (iv)
C.Only (ii)
D.(i), (iii) and (iv)

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2021, SET Exam - 2021,

Answer: A

The only statement that does not describe peace theory is (iii), so the answer is Only (iii).

Peace studies, associated with Johan Galtung's ideas of positive peace and structural violence, move the focus away from relations between states, look at social relations at the individual, domestic and global levels, and connect war and peace with economic inequality, gender relations and cross-cultural understanding. Statements (i), (ii) and (iv) describe it.

Deconstructing the narratives of states and the international system is the method of post-structuralist and postmodern theories of international relations, not of peace theory. Every other option names a statement that does describe peace theory.

Discuss in Forum

47.

'The clash of civilizations' and 'New World Order' predict an ideological shift in the Post-cold war period from :

A.Political ideology to economic liberalism
B.Geopolitics to geo-economics
C.Nation-state to the civilization area
D.Political ideology to culture and religion

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2021, SET Exam - 2021,

Answer: D

The predicted shift is from political ideology to culture and religion.

Samuel Huntington argued in 'The Clash of Civilizations' (1993) that after the Cold War the great divisions among humankind would be cultural rather than ideological or economic, with conflicts along the fault lines between civilizations defined largely by religion.

A move from political ideology to economic liberalism is Francis Fukuyama's 'end of history'. 'Geopolitics to geo-economics' is Edward Luttwak's thesis. Huntington still treated nation-states as the main actors, with civilizations shaping their alignments, so the shift is not from the nation-state to the civilization.

Discuss in Forum

48.

Match the pair using the codes given below :

List I	List II
(i) Immanuel Wallerstein	(a) Modernization
(ii) S. M. Lipset	(b) Dependency theory
(iii) David Apter	(c) World system theory
(iv) Samir Amin	(d) Democracy in developing countries

A.(i)-(a), (ii)-(b), (iii)-(d), (iv)-(c)
B.(i)-(c), (ii)-(d), (iii)-(a), (iv)-(b)
C.(i)-(d), (ii)-(a), (iii)-(c), (iv)-(b)
D.(i)-(b), (ii)-(d), (iii)-(c), (iv)-(a)

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2021, SET Exam - 2021,

Answer: B

The correct matching is (i)-(c), (ii)-(d), (iii)-(a), (iv)-(b).

Immanuel Wallerstein developed world system theory.
S. M. Lipset studied the social requisites of democracy, linking it with economic development.
David Apter wrote The Politics of Modernization (1965).
Samir Amin is a leading dependency theorist, author of Accumulation on a World Scale.

Only one option pairs Wallerstein with world system theory, which rules out the rest.

Discuss in Forum

49.

Assertion (A) : Classical Realism argues that conflict among nations in inevitable.
Reason (R) : Classical Realism believes that balance of power can secure peace.

A.Both (A) and (R) are incorrect
B.Both (A) and (R) are correct, and (R) is the cause of (A)
C.Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the cause of (A)
D.(R) is correct but (A) is incorrect

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2021, SET Exam - 2021,

Answer: C

Both statements are correct, but the Reason is not the cause of the Assertion.

Classical realists such as Hans Morgenthau trace international politics to a human drive for power, so in a world without a central authority conflict among nations is unavoidable (the paper prints 'in inevitable'). They also hold that a balance of power, in which no state can dominate, keeps that conflict in check and preserves peace.

The balance of power is the realists' remedy for conflict, not its cause, so the Reason does not explain the Assertion. The options calling either statement incorrect fail because both describe classical realism accurately.

Discuss in Forum

50.

Assertion (A) : Modern technology enhances the importance of war and threats of war.
Reason (R) : War no longer is just a contest of strength. It is more a contest of nerve and risk taking.

A.Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
B.Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
C.(A) is true but (R) is false
D.(A) is false, but (R) is true

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2021, SET Exam - 2021,

Answer: A

Both statements are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

Modern weapons, above all nuclear weapons, make all-out war so destructive that threats of war become the main instrument of policy: deterrence, coercion and brinkmanship. That is because war is no longer just a test of which side is stronger; it is a contest of nerve and risk-taking in which each side tries to make the other believe it will run the risk of escalation, the bargaining view of force developed by Thomas Schelling.

Since the Reason gives exactly why technology raises the importance of war and its threat, the options that deny either statement, or deny the link, are wrong.

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