Social Work Research Questions and Answers

Q: Researchers should test ............ when they carry out research studies.

Researchers should test the null hypothesis.Statistical testing works by assuming no effect or no difference (the null hypothesis) and asking whether the data are unlikely enough under that assumption to reject it. The research or alternative hypothesis is supported indirectly, by rejecting the null.The alternative and research hypotheses state the expected effect, but they are not what the test directly evaluates. 'Statistical hypothesis' is the general term covering both the null and the alternative.

Q: Assertion (A) : Positivism is the view that social phenomena (such as human behaviour) ought to be studied using only the methods of the natural sciences.Reason (R) : Social science research insists on secondary data.Select your answer from the codes given below :

(A) is true but (R) is not true.The assertion is the standard textbook definition of positivism: the view that social phenomena should be studied with the methods of the natural sciences, through observation, measurement and verification.The reason is false. Social science research does not insist on secondary data; it uses primary data collected through surveys, interviews, observation and experiments as well as secondary sources. So only the first statement holds, which rules out both-true and both-false options and the one making only the reason true.

Q: Rejecting a null hypothesis when it is true is called :

Rejecting a true null hypothesis is a Type I error.A Type I error is a false positive: the researcher concludes there is an effect when there is none. Its probability is the significance level, alpha, often set at 0.05.A Type II error is the reverse, failing to reject a false null hypothesis (a false negative). Sampling error is the chance difference between a sample and the population, and non-sampling errors arise from measurement, response or processing mistakes.

Q: The scientific method approach has one of the following characteristics :

A key characteristic of the scientific method is objectivity.Scientific inquiry aims to reach conclusions that do not depend on the researcher's personal feelings or biases, using systematic observation, measurement and procedures that others can check and repeat.Subjectivity, the influence of personal views, is what the scientific method tries to control. Relativity and productivity are not defining characteristics of the method.

Q: Social Work Research is .............. .

The key describes social work research as intervention research.Social work is a practice profession, and its distinctive research tests and develops interventions: designing a programme or technique, trying it out and evaluating its effects. Rothman and Thomas's work on intervention research presents this as the research most characteristic of social work.Exploratory research, survey designs and case study designs are general research types used in every social science. Social work research uses them too, but they do not capture what is distinctive about it.

Q: Triangulation design is basically a .................. research design.

Triangulation design is a mixed-method research design.In Creswell and Plano Clark's typology, the triangulation (convergent) design collects quantitative and qualitative data at the same time on the same topic, then compares or merges them to see whether the two kinds of evidence confirm each other.A purely quantitative or purely qualitative design uses one kind of data only, and a case study is a strategy that can use either. The defining feature of triangulation design is combining both kinds of data.

Q: Which method is used for getting a sample of drug abusers ?

A sample of drug abusers is obtained by the snowball method.Drug users are a hidden population with no list to sample from, and they may avoid strangers. Snowball sampling starts with a few known members and asks each to refer others, so the sample grows like a rolling snowball through their networks.Quota sampling fills set numbers in categories, purposive sampling picks cases by judgement, and accidental (convenience) sampling takes whoever is at hand. None of them reaches a hidden population through its own contacts as snowball sampling does.

Q: Consider the following statements :Assertion (A) : In case control over independent variable in an experimental research, the researcher can directly manipulate the independent variable/s (that is, the cause) in order to examine its effect on the dependent variable (that is, the effect).Reason (R) : In case control over independent variable in an ex-post facto research, the researcher can not directly manipulate the independent variable/s (that is, the cause) as he or she predicts the cause on basis of the dependent variable that is, the effect.Select your answer from the codes given below :

Both (A) and (R) are true.The Assertion describes experimental research: the researcher controls the independent variable directly, deciding who receives the treatment and when, and then observes the effect on the dependent variable. This direct manipulation is what makes an experiment an experiment.The Reason describes ex-post facto research: the cause has already happened (for example, a person's gender, a past disaster or a policy already in force), so the researcher cannot manipulate it and must work backward from the observed effect to its likely cause. Both statements are correct, so options B, C and D, which call one or both untrue, are wrong.

Q: Consider the following statements :Assertion (A) : Quantitative researchers mostly adapt inductive reasoning for data analysis.Reason (R) : So that they can find the social realities.Select your answer from the codes given below :

Both (A) and (R) are not true.Quantitative researchers mostly use deductive reasoning: they start from a theory, derive hypotheses, collect numerical data and test the hypotheses statistically. Inductive reasoning, building general patterns and theory up from observations, is characteristic of qualitative research such as grounded theory. So the Assertion is false.The Reason, that they reason inductively in order to find social realities, is also not a correct statement of how or why quantitative research works; exploring social reality as people construct it is the stated aim of qualitative inquiry. With both false, options A, C and D are wrong.

41.

Researchers should test ............ when they carry out research studies.

A.null hypothesis
B.alternate hypothesis
C.research hypothesis
D.statistical hypothesis

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: A

Researchers should test the null hypothesis.

Statistical testing works by assuming no effect or no difference (the null hypothesis) and asking whether the data are unlikely enough under that assumption to reject it. The research or alternative hypothesis is supported indirectly, by rejecting the null.

The alternative and research hypotheses state the expected effect, but they are not what the test directly evaluates. 'Statistical hypothesis' is the general term covering both the null and the alternative.

Discuss in Forum

42.

Assertion (A) : Positivism is the view that social phenomena (such as human behaviour) ought to be studied using only the methods of the natural sciences.
Reason (R) : Social science research insists on secondary data.

Select your answer from the codes given below :

A.Both (A) and (R) are true
B.Both (A) and (R) are not true
C.(A) is true but (R) is not true
D.(A) is not true but (R) is true

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: C

(A) is true but (R) is not true.

The assertion is the standard textbook definition of positivism: the view that social phenomena should be studied with the methods of the natural sciences, through observation, measurement and verification.

The reason is false. Social science research does not insist on secondary data; it uses primary data collected through surveys, interviews, observation and experiments as well as secondary sources. So only the first statement holds, which rules out both-true and both-false options and the one making only the reason true.

Discuss in Forum

43.

Rejecting a null hypothesis when it is true is called :

A.Type I error
B.Type II error
C.Sampling error
D.Non-sampling error

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: A

Rejecting a true null hypothesis is a Type I error.

A Type I error is a false positive: the researcher concludes there is an effect when there is none. Its probability is the significance level, alpha, often set at 0.05.

A Type II error is the reverse, failing to reject a false null hypothesis (a false negative). Sampling error is the chance difference between a sample and the population, and non-sampling errors arise from measurement, response or processing mistakes.

Discuss in Forum

44.

The scientific method approach has one of the following characteristics :

A.Subjectivity
B.Objectivity
C.Relativity
D.Productivity

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: B

A key characteristic of the scientific method is objectivity.

Scientific inquiry aims to reach conclusions that do not depend on the researcher's personal feelings or biases, using systematic observation, measurement and procedures that others can check and repeat.

Subjectivity, the influence of personal views, is what the scientific method tries to control. Relativity and productivity are not defining characteristics of the method.

Discuss in Forum

45.

Social Work Research is .............. .

A.Exploratory Research
B.Survey Design
C.Intervention Research
D.Case Study Design

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: C

The key describes social work research as intervention research.

Social work is a practice profession, and its distinctive research tests and develops interventions: designing a programme or technique, trying it out and evaluating its effects. Rothman and Thomas's work on intervention research presents this as the research most characteristic of social work.

Exploratory research, survey designs and case study designs are general research types used in every social science. Social work research uses them too, but they do not capture what is distinctive about it.

Discuss in Forum

46.

Triangulation design is basically a .................. research design.

A.Quantitative
B.Qualitative
C.Mixed-method
D.Case study

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: C

Triangulation design is a mixed-method research design.

In Creswell and Plano Clark's typology, the triangulation (convergent) design collects quantitative and qualitative data at the same time on the same topic, then compares or merges them to see whether the two kinds of evidence confirm each other.

A purely quantitative or purely qualitative design uses one kind of data only, and a case study is a strategy that can use either. The defining feature of triangulation design is combining both kinds of data.

Discuss in Forum

47.

Which method is used for getting a sample of drug abusers ?

A.Snowball
B.Quota
C.Purposive
D.Accidental

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: A

A sample of drug abusers is obtained by the snowball method.

Drug users are a hidden population with no list to sample from, and they may avoid strangers. Snowball sampling starts with a few known members and asks each to refer others, so the sample grows like a rolling snowball through their networks.

Quota sampling fills set numbers in categories, purposive sampling picks cases by judgement, and accidental (convenience) sampling takes whoever is at hand. None of them reaches a hidden population through its own contacts as snowball sampling does.

Discuss in Forum

48.

Social work research, mostly, helps social workers in assessing the effectiveness of :

A.Social work theories
B.Social work principles
C.Social work intervention
D.Social work values

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: C

Social work research mostly helps in assessing the effectiveness of social work intervention.

As a practice-oriented profession, social work uses research above all to find out whether its programmes and techniques work: whether clients' situations improve, which methods are effective and how services can be improved.

Research can also refine theories, but theories, principles and values are not themselves judged by their effectiveness in the same way. The practical question research answers for social workers is whether their interventions achieve their aims.

Discuss in Forum

49.

Consider the following statements :

Assertion (A) : In case control over independent variable in an experimental research, the researcher can directly manipulate the independent variable/s (that is, the cause) in order to examine its effect on the dependent variable (that is, the effect).

Reason (R) : In case control over independent variable in an ex-post facto research, the researcher can not directly manipulate the independent variable/s (that is, the cause) as he or she predicts the cause on basis of the dependent variable that is, the effect.

Select your answer from the codes given below :

A.Both (A) and (R) are true
B.Both (A) and (R) are not true
C.(A) is true but (R) is false
D.(A) is not true but (R) is true

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: A

Both (A) and (R) are true.

The Assertion describes experimental research: the researcher controls the independent variable directly, deciding who receives the treatment and when, and then observes the effect on the dependent variable. This direct manipulation is what makes an experiment an experiment.

The Reason describes ex-post facto research: the cause has already happened (for example, a person's gender, a past disaster or a policy already in force), so the researcher cannot manipulate it and must work backward from the observed effect to its likely cause. Both statements are correct, so options B, C and D, which call one or both untrue, are wrong.

Discuss in Forum

50.

Consider the following statements :

Assertion (A) : Quantitative researchers mostly adapt inductive reasoning for data analysis.

Reason (R) : So that they can find the social realities.

Select your answer from the codes given below :

A.Both (A) and (R) are true
B.Both (A) and (R) are not true
C.(A) is true but (R) is false
D.(A) is not true but (R) is true

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: B

Both (A) and (R) are not true.

Quantitative researchers mostly use deductive reasoning: they start from a theory, derive hypotheses, collect numerical data and test the hypotheses statistically. Inductive reasoning, building general patterns and theory up from observations, is characteristic of qualitative research such as grounded theory. So the Assertion is false.

The Reason, that they reason inductively in order to find social realities, is also not a correct statement of how or why quantitative research works; exploring social reality as people construct it is the stated aim of qualitative inquiry. With both false, options A, C and D are wrong.

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