Cell Cultures and Characteristics Questions and Answers

Q: ______________ is the primary equipment required for animal tissue culture laboratories

Correct answer: Laminar flowThe laminar flow cabinet is the essential item: it delivers a steady sheet of HEPA-filtered air over the work surface, so that nothing airborne settles on the culture. Everything else in an animal cell laboratory depends on maintaining sterility, and a single contaminated flask can be lost in a day.

Q: What is a cell line?

Correct answer: Sub culturing of primary cultureA cell line arises when a primary culture is subcultured and continues to grow. A finite cell line divides a limited number of times before senescence; a continuous cell line has been transformed and divides indefinitely, HeLa being the famous example.

Q: pH of culture medium is initially controlled by

Correct answer: presence of bicarbonate bufferThe pH of culture medium is held by the bicarbonate/CO2 buffer, exactly as blood is: dissolved CO2 and bicarbonate in equilibrium. That is why cultures are kept in an incubator with a controlled CO2 atmosphere - take the flask out, CO2 escapes, and the medium turns alkaline.

Q: Selective media facilitate growth of only one kind of organism. Saboraud medium is used to selectively isolate

Correct answer: yeastsSabouraud’s medium has a low pH (about 5.6) and a high sugar concentration, both of which suit fungi and yeasts while suppressing most bacteria. Chloramphenicol is often added to suppress the rest.

Q: Which of the following is not a source of energy in active muscle cells?

Correct answer: Lactic acidIn the classical account, lactic acid is the waste product of anaerobic glycolysis in muscle, not a fuel - it is carried to the liver and reconverted to glucose in the Cori cycle. The energy sources are ATP itself, creatine phosphate for the first few seconds, and glucose thereafter. (Modern work shows lactate can be oxidised as a fuel by heart and by resting muscle, but that is not the sense intended here.)

Q: What is animal tissue culture?

Correct answer: Growth and maintenance of animal cellsAnimal tissue culture is the growth and maintenance of animal cells outside the organism, in a controlled sterile environment. Both halves matter: cells must be kept alive and healthy as well as multiplied, which means feeding, subculturing and controlling pH, temperature and gas.

Q: For the selection of lactobacilli present in cheddar cheese, the pH of the medium is maintained at

Correct answer: 5.35Lactobacilli tolerate acid far better than most organisms, so setting the medium at about pH 5.35 selects for them: they grow while the competing flora of the cheese are held back.

Q: To prevent the accumulation of lactate

Correct answer: low glucose concentration is requiredLactate comes from glucose, and cells ferment more of it the more there is - even when oxygen is plentiful. Keeping the glucose concentration low, by feeding it gradually rather than supplying it all at once, forces the cells to oxidise what they get and so limits lactate. That is the principle of fed-batch culture.

Q: Specific oxygen consumption rates for mammalian cells are in the range of (where n and prepresents to nano and pico respectively)

Correct answer: 0.05-5 pmol of O2/cell/hMammalian cells consume oxygen at about 0.05-5 picomoles per cell per hour. It is a small figure per cell but a demanding one in aggregate: oxygen is poorly soluble in water, so at high cell densities supplying it becomes the limiting factor in bioreactor design.

11.

______________ is the primary equipment required for animal tissue culture laboratories

A.Glassware
B.Laminar flow
C.Sterilizers
D.All

Answer: B

Correct answer: Laminar flow

The laminar flow cabinet is the essential item: it delivers a steady sheet of HEPA-filtered air over the work surface, so that nothing airborne settles on the culture. Everything else in an animal cell laboratory depends on maintaining sterility, and a single contaminated flask can be lost in a day.

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12.

What is a cell line?

A.Multilayer culture
B.Transformed cells
C.Multiple growth of cells
D.Sub culturing of primary culture

Answer: D

Correct answer: Sub culturing of primary culture

A cell line arises when a primary culture is subcultured and continues to grow. A finite cell line divides a limited number of times before senescence; a continuous cell line has been transformed and divides indefinitely, HeLa being the famous example.

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13.

Which of the following is correct?

A.ECL can be established in suspension cultures whereas it is exceptional for primary cell lines (PCL)
B.ECL and PCL can be established in suspension cultures
C.PCL can be established in suspension cultures
D.none of the above

Answer: A

Correct answer: ECL can be established in suspension cultures whereas it is exceptional for primary cell lines (PCL)

Established lines are commonly anchorage independent, so they can be grown in suspension - which is what makes large-scale culture in stirred bioreactors possible. Primary lines are almost always anchorage dependent and must be grown on a surface, so suspension culture is exceptional for them.

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14.

pH of culture medium is initially controlled by

A.presence of CO2
B.presence of bicarbonate buffer
C.addition of bases
D.none of these

Answer: B

Correct answer: presence of bicarbonate buffer

The pH of culture medium is held by the bicarbonate/CO₂ buffer, exactly as blood is: dissolved CO₂ and bicarbonate in equilibrium. That is why cultures are kept in an incubator with a controlled CO₂ atmosphere - take the flask out, CO₂ escapes, and the medium turns alkaline.

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15.

Selective media facilitate growth of only one kind of organism. Saboraud medium is used to selectively isolate

A.coliform bacteria
B.gram positive bacteria
C.yeasts
D.acid fast organisms

Answer: C

Correct answer: yeasts

Sabouraud’s medium has a low pH (about 5.6) and a high sugar concentration, both of which suit fungi and yeasts while suppressing most bacteria. Chloramphenicol is often added to suppress the rest.

Discuss in Forum

16.

Which of the following is not a source of energy in active muscle cells?

A.Creatine phosphate
B.ATP
C.Lactic acid
D.Glucose

Answer: C

Correct answer: Lactic acid

In the classical account, lactic acid is the waste product of anaerobic glycolysis in muscle, not a fuel - it is carried to the liver and reconverted to glucose in the Cori cycle. The energy sources are ATP itself, creatine phosphate for the first few seconds, and glucose thereafter. (Modern work shows lactate can be oxidised as a fuel by heart and by resting muscle, but that is not the sense intended here.)

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17.

What is animal tissue culture?

A.Growth and maintenance of animal cells
B.Growth and subculture of animal cells
C.Only maintenance of animal cells
D.All

Answer: A

Correct answer: Growth and maintenance of animal cells

Animal tissue culture is the growth and maintenance of animal cells outside the organism, in a controlled sterile environment. Both halves matter: cells must be kept alive and healthy as well as multiplied, which means feeding, subculturing and controlling pH, temperature and gas.

Discuss in Forum

18.

For the selection of lactobacilli present in cheddar cheese, the pH of the medium is maintained at

A.6.35
B.5.35
C.4.35
D.5.75

Answer: B

Correct answer: 5.35

Lactobacilli tolerate acid far better than most organisms, so setting the medium at about pH 5.35 selects for them: they grow while the competing flora of the cheese are held back.

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19.

To prevent the accumulation of lactate

A.low glutamine concentration is required
B.high glutamine concentration is required
C.low glucose concentration is required
D.high glucose concentration is required

Answer: C

Correct answer: low glucose concentration is required

Lactate comes from glucose, and cells ferment more of it the more there is - even when oxygen is plentiful. Keeping the glucose concentration low, by feeding it gradually rather than supplying it all at once, forces the cells to oxidise what they get and so limits lactate. That is the principle of fed-batch culture.

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20.

Specific oxygen consumption rates for mammalian cells are in the range of (where n and prepresents to nano and pico respectively)

A.0.05-5 nmol of O2/cell/h
B.5 - 10 nmol of O2 /cell/h
C.0.05-5 pmol of O2/cell/h
D.5 - 10 pmol of O2/cell/h

Answer: C

Correct answer: 0.05-5 pmol of O2/cell/h

Mammalian cells consume oxygen at about 0.05-5 picomoles per cell per hour. It is a small figure per cell but a demanding one in aggregate: oxygen is poorly soluble in water, so at high cell densities supplying it becomes the limiting factor in bioreactor design.

Discuss in Forum

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