Geomorphology Questions and Answers

Q: Assertion (A) : The sun sets in Gujarat about two hours after Arunachal Pradesh.Reason (R) : Arunachal Pradesh is on a higher latitude than Gujarat.Select the correct option from the given alternatives.

The answer is both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) does not explain (A).India spans about 30 degrees of longitude, from roughly 68 degrees E in Gujarat to 97 degrees E in Arunachal Pradesh. Since the earth turns 1 degree in 4 minutes, local time differs by about two hours, so the sun rises and sets in Arunachal about two hours before Gujarat (A is true).Arunachal Pradesh does lie farther north (about 27 to 29 degrees N) than most of Gujarat (about 20 to 24 degrees N), so R is true too. But the time difference comes from the difference in longitude, not latitude, so R does not explain A.

Q: A narrow strip of land joining two landmasses is known as-

A narrow strip of land joining two landmasses is an isthmus.Examples are the Isthmus of Panama, joining North and South America, and the Isthmus of Suez, joining Africa and Asia. Both have had canals cut through them to link the seas on either side.A strait is the opposite: a narrow strip of water joining two larger bodies of water, such as the Palk Strait. An island is land surrounded by water, and a bay is a part of the sea partly enclosed by land.

Q: Which one of the following continents is smallest in size?

The smallest continent is Australia.Of the seven continents, Australia has the smallest area, about 7.7 million sq km, and it lies entirely in the southern hemisphere. It is often called the island continent because it is surrounded by oceans and seas on all sides.Europe is the second smallest at about 10 million sq km, South America is about 17.8 million sq km and Africa, the second largest continent, about 30 million sq km.

Q: Which of the following are block mountains ?

The block mountains are the Vosges.Block mountains form when large sections of the earth's crust are broken by faults and displaced vertically: the uplifted blocks are horsts and the sunken ones graben. NCERT's Class 7 geography gives the Vosges in France and the Black Forest in Germany as examples, standing on either side of the Rhine rift valley.The Himalayas and the Ural are fold mountains, formed by the folding of rock layers under compression; the Himalayas are young fold mountains and the Ural very old ones. The Appalachians in North America are also old fold mountains, worn down by erosion.

Q: Statement (A) : Only one side of the moon is visible to us on Earth.Statement (B) : The moon moves around the Earth in about 27 days and takes exactly the same time to complete 1 spin.Select the correct option from the given alternatives.

The answer is both (A) and (B) are true and (B) is the correct explanation of (A).The moon takes about 27 days to go once around the earth, and it takes almost exactly the same time to turn once on its own axis. Because its rotation and revolution keep pace, the same face of the moon is always turned towards the earth, which is why we see only one side of it.So (A) is true, (B) is true, and (B) is precisely the reason for (A). The options saying that one statement is false, or that (B) does not explain (A), are therefore wrong.

Q: Consider the statements A, B, C on metamorphic rocks and choose the correct answer :A. When igneous and sedimentary rocks are subjected to heat and pressure they change to metamorphic rocks.B. Metamorphic rocks melt to form molten magma when subjected to great heat and pressure.C. Marble is a metamorphic rock.

The answer is A, B, C all are correct.NCERT's account of the rock cycle says that igneous and sedimentary rocks change into metamorphic rocks under great heat and pressure (A), and that metamorphic rocks still under great heat and pressure melt down to form molten magma, from which igneous rocks form again (B). Marble, formed from limestone, is a standard example of a metamorphic rock, as slate is from clay (C).Since all three statements describe the cycle correctly, each option that marks one of them incorrect is wrong.

Q: Which of the following is not true for minerals ?

The statement that is not true is All minerals are non-metallic.Minerals are classified as metallic and non-metallic. Metallic minerals contain metal in raw form, such as iron ore, bauxite and manganese ore, while non-metallic minerals, such as limestone, mica and gypsum, do not. So minerals are certainly not all non-metallic.The other statements are NCERT's description of minerals: they are naturally occurring substances, they have a definite chemical composition, and they are formed in different types of geological environments, under varying conditions.

Q: Which of the following statements about Africa is correct ?

The correct statement is that Africa is the only continent through which the Tropic of Cancer, Equator and Tropic of Capricorn pass.NCERT's Class 6 geography notes this: the Equator runs almost through the middle of Africa, the Tropic of Cancer across the Sahara in the north and the Tropic of Capricorn across the south. No other continent is crossed by all three lines.The other statements are wrong. A larger part of Africa lies in the Northern Hemisphere. The Gobi desert is in Asia, in Mongolia and China. The Ural mountains separate Asia from Europe, not from Africa; Africa is separated from Asia by the Red Sea and the Suez Canal.

Q: Which of the following represents an ascending order as per the size of particles ?

The ascending order is clay, silt, sand, gravel, rock.Soil and rock particles are classified by size. Clay particles are the finest (less than about 0.002 mm), then silt, then sand (up to about 2 mm), then gravel (pebble-sized pieces), and finally rock, the solid mass from which these particles are broken down by weathering.The other options misplace clay and silt or run the order backwards (from rock to clay is descending order).

Q: What causes the formation of mushroom rocks ?

Mushroom rocks are formed by erosion.In deserts the wind carries sand close to the ground. It wears away the lower part of a rock more than the upper part, so the rock ends up with a narrow base and a wide top, shaped like a mushroom.Deposition is the laying down of material, which builds features such as sand dunes and loess rather than carving rock. Weathering breaks rock down in place but does not shape this distinctive form, which needs the wind's abrasion at ground level. An earthquake is a sudden movement of the crust and does not sculpt rocks this way.

11.

Assertion (A) : The sun sets in Gujarat about two hours after Arunachal Pradesh.
Reason (R) : Arunachal Pradesh is on a higher latitude than Gujarat.

Select the correct option from the given alternatives.

A.Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) explains (A)
B.Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) does not explain (A)
C.(A) is true and (R) is false
D.(A) is false and (R) is true

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2018,

Answer: B

The answer is both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) does not explain (A).

India spans about 30 degrees of longitude, from roughly 68 degrees E in Gujarat to 97 degrees E in Arunachal Pradesh. Since the earth turns 1 degree in 4 minutes, local time differs by about two hours, so the sun rises and sets in Arunachal about two hours before Gujarat (A is true).

Arunachal Pradesh does lie farther north (about 27 to 29 degrees N) than most of Gujarat (about 20 to 24 degrees N), so R is true too. But the time difference comes from the difference in longitude, not latitude, so R does not explain A.

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12.

A narrow strip of land joining two landmasses is known as-

A.strait
B.isthmus
C.island
D.bay

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2018,

Answer: B

A narrow strip of land joining two landmasses is an isthmus.

Examples are the Isthmus of Panama, joining North and South America, and the Isthmus of Suez, joining Africa and Asia. Both have had canals cut through them to link the seas on either side.

A strait is the opposite: a narrow strip of water joining two larger bodies of water, such as the Palk Strait. An island is land surrounded by water, and a bay is a part of the sea partly enclosed by land.

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13.

Which one of the following continents is smallest in size?

A.Australia
B.South America
C.Africa
D.Europe

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2018,

Answer: A

The smallest continent is Australia.

Of the seven continents, Australia has the smallest area, about 7.7 million sq km, and it lies entirely in the southern hemisphere. It is often called the island continent because it is surrounded by oceans and seas on all sides.

Europe is the second smallest at about 10 million sq km, South America is about 17.8 million sq km and Africa, the second largest continent, about 30 million sq km.

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14.

Which of the following are block mountains ?

A.Himalayas
B.Appalachians
C.Ural
D.Vosges

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2019,

Answer: D

The block mountains are the Vosges.

Block mountains form when large sections of the earth's crust are broken by faults and displaced vertically: the uplifted blocks are horsts and the sunken ones graben. NCERT's Class 7 geography gives the Vosges in France and the Black Forest in Germany as examples, standing on either side of the Rhine rift valley.

The Himalayas and the Ural are fold mountains, formed by the folding of rock layers under compression; the Himalayas are young fold mountains and the Ural very old ones. The Appalachians in North America are also old fold mountains, worn down by erosion.

Discuss in Forum

15.

Statement (A) : Only one side of the moon is visible to us on Earth.
Statement (B) : The moon moves around the Earth in about 27 days and takes exactly the same time to complete 1 spin.

Select the correct option from the given alternatives.

A.Both (A) and (B) are true and (B) is the correct explanation of (A).
B.Both (A) and (B) are true, but (B) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C.(A) is true, but (B) is false.
D.(A) is false, but (B) is true.

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2019,

Answer: A

The answer is both (A) and (B) are true and (B) is the correct explanation of (A).

The moon takes about 27 days to go once around the earth, and it takes almost exactly the same time to turn once on its own axis. Because its rotation and revolution keep pace, the same face of the moon is always turned towards the earth, which is why we see only one side of it.

So (A) is true, (B) is true, and (B) is precisely the reason for (A). The options saying that one statement is false, or that (B) does not explain (A), are therefore wrong.

Discuss in Forum

16.

Consider the statements A, B, C on metamorphic rocks and choose the correct answer :

A. When igneous and sedimentary rocks are subjected to heat and pressure they change to metamorphic rocks.
B. Metamorphic rocks melt to form molten magma when subjected to great heat and pressure.
C. Marble is a metamorphic rock.

A.B and C are correct and A is incorrect.
B.A and B are correct and C is incorrect.
C.A, B, C all are correct.
D.A and C are correct and B is incorrect.

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2019,

Answer: C

The answer is A, B, C all are correct.

NCERT's account of the rock cycle says that igneous and sedimentary rocks change into metamorphic rocks under great heat and pressure (A), and that metamorphic rocks still under great heat and pressure melt down to form molten magma, from which igneous rocks form again (B). Marble, formed from limestone, is a standard example of a metamorphic rock, as slate is from clay (C).

Since all three statements describe the cycle correctly, each option that marks one of them incorrect is wrong.

Discuss in Forum

17.

Which of the following is not true for minerals ?

A.They are naturally occuring substances.
B.They have a definite chemical composition.
C.They are formed in different types of geological environments.
D.All minerals are non-metallic.

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2019,

Answer: D

The statement that is not true is All minerals are non-metallic.

Minerals are classified as metallic and non-metallic. Metallic minerals contain metal in raw form, such as iron ore, bauxite and manganese ore, while non-metallic minerals, such as limestone, mica and gypsum, do not. So minerals are certainly not all non-metallic.

The other statements are NCERT's description of minerals: they are naturally occurring substances, they have a definite chemical composition, and they are formed in different types of geological environments, under varying conditions.

Discuss in Forum

18.

Which of the following statements about Africa is correct ?

A.A large part of Africa lies in the Southern Hemisphere.
B.It is the only continent through which the Tropic of Cancer, Equator and Tropic of Capricorn pass.
C.Gobi desert is located in this continent.
D.It is separated from Asia by Ural mountains on the west.

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2019,

Answer: B

The correct statement is that Africa is the only continent through which the Tropic of Cancer, Equator and Tropic of Capricorn pass.

NCERT's Class 6 geography notes this: the Equator runs almost through the middle of Africa, the Tropic of Cancer across the Sahara in the north and the Tropic of Capricorn across the south. No other continent is crossed by all three lines.

The other statements are wrong. A larger part of Africa lies in the Northern Hemisphere. The Gobi desert is in Asia, in Mongolia and China. The Ural mountains separate Asia from Europe, not from Africa; Africa is separated from Asia by the Red Sea and the Suez Canal.

Discuss in Forum

19.

Which of the following represents an ascending order as per the size of particles ?

A.Rock, Clay, Sand, Gravel, Silt
B.Clay, Silt, Sand, Gravel, Rock
C.Silt, Clay, Sand, Gravel, Rock
D.Rock, Gravel, Sand, Silt, Clay

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2019,

Answer: B

The ascending order is clay, silt, sand, gravel, rock.

Soil and rock particles are classified by size. Clay particles are the finest (less than about 0.002 mm), then silt, then sand (up to about 2 mm), then gravel (pebble-sized pieces), and finally rock, the solid mass from which these particles are broken down by weathering.

The other options misplace clay and silt or run the order backwards (from rock to clay is descending order).

Discuss in Forum

20.

What causes the formation of mushroom rocks ?

A.Deposition
B.Erosion
C.Weathering
D.Earthquake

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2026,

Answer: B

Mushroom rocks are formed by erosion.

In deserts the wind carries sand close to the ground. It wears away the lower part of a rock more than the upper part, so the rock ends up with a narrow base and a wide top, shaped like a mushroom.

Deposition is the laying down of material, which builds features such as sand dunes and loess rather than carving rock. Weathering breaks rock down in place but does not shape this distinctive form, which needs the wind's abrasion at ground level. An earthquake is a sudden movement of the crust and does not sculpt rocks this way.

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