Match the following physical phenomena from the perspective of monsoonal circulation:
| Column-1 | Column-2 |
|---|---|
| a) Reversal of East-West temperature gradient with seasons | i) Over the tropics |
| b) Reversal of North-South temperature gradient with seasons | ii) Indian Ocean |
| c) Surface cooling and deepening of mixed layer | iii) Over mid-latitudes |
| d) Northward movement of south equatorial current | iv) Arabian Sea |
GATE XE - 2023,
Answer: B
The keyed match is a-iii, b-i, c-iv, d-ii.
Two pairings are firm. The monsoon is driven by the seasonal reversal of the north-south temperature gradient over the tropics, as the land to the north heats in summer and cools in winter relative to the ocean to the south (b-i). The strong southwest monsoon winds cool the surface of the Arabian Sea by evaporation, mixing and upwelling, and deepen its mixed layer (c-iv).
Only one option contains both b-i and c-iv, and it pairs the east-west gradient reversal with the mid-latitudes (a-iii) and the northward movement of the south equatorial current with the Indian Ocean (d-ii). The option a-ii, b-i, c-ii, d-iv uses ii twice and puts the mixed-layer deepening in the whole Indian Ocean rather than the Arabian Sea.
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