India's Security Concerns and Policies Questions and Answers

Q: Who among the following chairs the meetings of the National Security Council in India ?

The National Security Council is chaired by the Prime Minister.India's National Security Council was set up in November 1998 as the apex body for advising on political, economic, energy and strategic security. The Prime Minister presides over it, and its members include the Ministers of Defence, External Affairs, Home and Finance and the Deputy Chairman of the NITI Aayog (earlier the Planning Commission).The National Security Advisor is its secretary and runs its secretariat but does not chair it. The President has no executive role in the Council, and the Defence Minister is one of its members.

Q: Which of the following North-East states of India was first to face the brow-brunt of ethnic insurgency ?

The first was Nagaland.The Naga National Council under A. Z. Phizo declared Naga independence on 14 August 1947, and by the mid-1950s the Naga Hills were in armed revolt, the first ethnic insurgency in the North-East. The Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act of 1958 was passed to deal with it, and Nagaland became a state in 1963.Insurgency in Mizoram followed in 1966, in Manipur from the late 1960s and in Tripura in the late 1970s, while the ULFA movement in Assam began in 1979. All came after the Naga rising.

Q: The Armed Forces Special Powers Act was enacted in Jammu and Kashmir in the year :

It was enacted for Jammu and Kashmir in 1990.As militancy spread in the Kashmir valley, Parliament passed the Armed Forces (Jammu and Kashmir) Special Powers Act, 1990, giving the armed forces special powers to search, arrest and use force in areas declared disturbed. It was brought into force in July 1990.The original AFSPA of 1958 applied to the North-East, and a version for Punjab and Chandigarh was enacted in 1983. 1985, 1987 and 1992 do not match the Jammu and Kashmir Act.

Q: Chabahar port is located in :

Chabahar port is located in Iran.Chabahar lies on the Gulf of Oman in Iran's Sistan and Baluchestan province, outside the Strait of Hormuz. India has helped develop its Shahid Beheshti terminal under a 2016 agreement with Iran and Afghanistan, to give India a route to Afghanistan and Central Asia that bypasses Pakistan. It lies about 170 km west of Pakistan's Chinese-built port of Gwadar.Iraq's ports are at the head of the Gulf, Afghanistan is landlocked, and Papua New Guinea is in the Pacific.

Q: Who emphasised that "Pakistan, Afghanistan and Central Asia constitute a single region" ?

The keyed answer is Ahmad Rashid, the Pakistani journalist Ahmed Rashid.Rashid's books treat Pakistan, Afghanistan and the former Soviet republics of Central Asia as one strategic region linked by militancy, pipelines and great-power rivalry: Taliban (2000), Jihad: The Rise of Militant Islam in Central Asia (2002) and Descent into Chaos: The US and the Failure of Nation Building in Pakistan, Afghanistan and Central Asia (2008).Shuja Pasha was a head of Pakistan's ISI and Maleeha Lodhi (the paper's 'Zodi') a Pakistani diplomat and editor; neither is known for this argument.

Q: SAARC was established in the year :

SAARC was established in 1985.The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation was founded at its first summit in Dhaka on 8 December 1985 by Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Afghanistan joined in 2007, and the secretariat is in Kathmandu.The idea was first proposed by Bangladesh's President Ziaur Rahman in 1980, which is the trap in option A, and foreign ministers met in 1983 to launch an integrated programme of action. 1990 and 1995 come after the founding summit.

Q: As per Indian Constitution which one of the following is the supreme commander of Indian Armed Forces ?

The supreme commander of the Indian Armed Forces is the President.Article 53(2) of the Constitution vests the supreme command of the Defence Forces of the Union in the President, its exercise to be regulated by law. In practice the President acts on the advice of the Council of Ministers.The Defence Minister and the Prime Minister direct defence policy as part of the government, and the Chiefs of Staff Committee is the body of the three service chiefs, but none of them holds the supreme command under the Constitution.

Q: The Indian Coast Guard comes under the following :

The Indian Coast Guard comes under the Ministry of Defence.The Coast Guard was set up in 1977 and given statutory form by the Coast Guard Act, 1978, as an armed force of the Union under the Ministry of Defence. It protects India's maritime zones, enforces maritime law and conducts search and rescue.The Ministry of Home Affairs controls the border guarding forces on land, such as the BSF, and the National Security Council and the Prime Minister's Office are advisory and coordinating bodies, not parent ministries of an armed force.

Q: Simla Agreement between India and Pakistan lays stress on resolution of their disputes through the :

The Simla Agreement stresses bilateral negotiations.Signed by Indira Gandhi and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto on 2 July 1972, after the 1971 war, the Agreement committed India and Pakistan to settle their differences by peaceful means through bilateral negotiations or other peaceful means mutually agreed upon. It also converted the ceasefire line in Jammu and Kashmir into the Line of Control.India has relied on it to reject third-party mediation, whether by the great powers or the United Nations; the Non-Aligned Movement plays no role in it.

Q: India has been involved with Sri Lankan Ethnic conflict owing to :

India's involvement stems from the ethnic linkages of the Tamils (printed 'Indian Tamili').The Sri Lankan Tamils share language, culture and kinship with the Tamils of Tamil Nadu, and the conflict produced refugee flows and strong political pressure within India. This was the principal reason for India's involvement, from support to Tamil groups in the early 1980s to the Indo-Sri Lankan Accord of 1987 and the IPKF.India's regional standing and its wish to keep outside powers away were secondary considerations that followed from the ethnic link, and goodwill as a neighbour does not explain the depth of involvement.

Who among the following chairs the meetings of the National Security Council in India ?

A.President
B.Prime Minister
C.Defence Minister
D.National Security Advisor

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: B

The National Security Council is chaired by the Prime Minister.

India's National Security Council was set up in November 1998 as the apex body for advising on political, economic, energy and strategic security. The Prime Minister presides over it, and its members include the Ministers of Defence, External Affairs, Home and Finance and the Deputy Chairman of the NITI Aayog (earlier the Planning Commission).

The National Security Advisor is its secretary and runs its secretariat but does not chair it. The President has no executive role in the Council, and the Defence Minister is one of its members.

Discuss in Forum

Which of the following North-East states of India was first to face the brow-brunt of ethnic insurgency ?

A.Assam
B.Nagaland
C.Manipur
D.Tripura

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: B

The first was Nagaland.

The Naga National Council under A. Z. Phizo declared Naga independence on 14 August 1947, and by the mid-1950s the Naga Hills were in armed revolt, the first ethnic insurgency in the North-East. The Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act of 1958 was passed to deal with it, and Nagaland became a state in 1963.

Insurgency in Mizoram followed in 1966, in Manipur from the late 1960s and in Tripura in the late 1970s, while the ULFA movement in Assam began in 1979. All came after the Naga rising.

Discuss in Forum

The Armed Forces Special Powers Act was enacted in Jammu and Kashmir in the year :

A.1985
B.1987
C.1990
D.1992

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: C

It was enacted for Jammu and Kashmir in 1990.

As militancy spread in the Kashmir valley, Parliament passed the Armed Forces (Jammu and Kashmir) Special Powers Act, 1990, giving the armed forces special powers to search, arrest and use force in areas declared disturbed. It was brought into force in July 1990.

The original AFSPA of 1958 applied to the North-East, and a version for Punjab and Chandigarh was enacted in 1983. 1985, 1987 and 1992 do not match the Jammu and Kashmir Act.

Discuss in Forum

Chabahar port is located in :

A.Iraq
B.Iran
C.Afghanistan
D.Papua New Guinea

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: B

Chabahar port is located in Iran.

Chabahar lies on the Gulf of Oman in Iran's Sistan and Baluchestan province, outside the Strait of Hormuz. India has helped develop its Shahid Beheshti terminal under a 2016 agreement with Iran and Afghanistan, to give India a route to Afghanistan and Central Asia that bypasses Pakistan. It lies about 170 km west of Pakistan's Chinese-built port of Gwadar.

Iraq's ports are at the head of the Gulf, Afghanistan is landlocked, and Papua New Guinea is in the Pacific.

Discuss in Forum

Who emphasised that "Pakistan, Afghanistan and Central Asia constitute a single region" ?

A.Shuja Pasha
B.Wajahat Hussain
C.Ahmad Rashid
D.Maleeha Zodi

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: C

The keyed answer is Ahmad Rashid, the Pakistani journalist Ahmed Rashid.

Rashid's books treat Pakistan, Afghanistan and the former Soviet republics of Central Asia as one strategic region linked by militancy, pipelines and great-power rivalry: Taliban (2000), Jihad: The Rise of Militant Islam in Central Asia (2002) and Descent into Chaos: The US and the Failure of Nation Building in Pakistan, Afghanistan and Central Asia (2008).

Shuja Pasha was a head of Pakistan's ISI and Maleeha Lodhi (the paper's 'Zodi') a Pakistani diplomat and editor; neither is known for this argument.

Discuss in Forum

SAARC was established in the year :

A.1980
B.1985
C.1990
D.1995

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: B

SAARC was established in 1985.

The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation was founded at its first summit in Dhaka on 8 December 1985 by Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Afghanistan joined in 2007, and the secretariat is in Kathmandu.

The idea was first proposed by Bangladesh's President Ziaur Rahman in 1980, which is the trap in option A, and foreign ministers met in 1983 to launch an integrated programme of action. 1990 and 1995 come after the founding summit.

Discuss in Forum

As per Indian Constitution which one of the following is the supreme commander of Indian Armed Forces ?

A.Defence Minister
B.Prime Minister
C.President
D.Chief of Staff Committee

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: C

The supreme commander of the Indian Armed Forces is the President.

Article 53(2) of the Constitution vests the supreme command of the Defence Forces of the Union in the President, its exercise to be regulated by law. In practice the President acts on the advice of the Council of Ministers.

The Defence Minister and the Prime Minister direct defence policy as part of the government, and the Chiefs of Staff Committee is the body of the three service chiefs, but none of them holds the supreme command under the Constitution.

Discuss in Forum

The Indian Coast Guard comes under the following :

A.Prime Minister's Office
B.Ministry of Defence
C.Ministry of Home
D.National Security Council

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: B

The Indian Coast Guard comes under the Ministry of Defence.

The Coast Guard was set up in 1977 and given statutory form by the Coast Guard Act, 1978, as an armed force of the Union under the Ministry of Defence. It protects India's maritime zones, enforces maritime law and conducts search and rescue.

The Ministry of Home Affairs controls the border guarding forces on land, such as the BSF, and the National Security Council and the Prime Minister's Office are advisory and coordinating bodies, not parent ministries of an armed force.

Discuss in Forum

Simla Agreement between India and Pakistan lays stress on resolution of their disputes through the :

A.Bilateral Negotiations
B.Non-Aligned Movement
C.Super Power Mediation
D.United Nations

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: A

The Simla Agreement stresses bilateral negotiations.

Signed by Indira Gandhi and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto on 2 July 1972, after the 1971 war, the Agreement committed India and Pakistan to settle their differences by peaceful means through bilateral negotiations or other peaceful means mutually agreed upon. It also converted the ceasefire line in Jammu and Kashmir into the Line of Control.

India has relied on it to reject third-party mediation, whether by the great powers or the United Nations; the Non-Aligned Movement plays no role in it.

Discuss in Forum

10.

India has been involved with Sri Lankan Ethnic conflict owing to :

A.Ethnic linkages of Indian Tamili
B.India projecting her image as a dominant power in South Asia
C.Goodwill as a Neighbour
D.To prevent the intervention of outsides

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2018, SET Exam - 2018,

Answer: A

India's involvement stems from the ethnic linkages of the Tamils (printed 'Indian Tamili').

The Sri Lankan Tamils share language, culture and kinship with the Tamils of Tamil Nadu, and the conflict produced refugee flows and strong political pressure within India. This was the principal reason for India's involvement, from support to Tamil groups in the early 1980s to the Indo-Sri Lankan Accord of 1987 and the IPKF.

India's regional standing and its wish to keep outside powers away were secondary considerations that followed from the ethnic link, and goodwill as a neighbour does not explain the depth of involvement.

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