Psychological Testing Questions and Answers

Q: An instrument in which the individual's score is compared with scores of other individuals is called :

This is a norm-referenced instrument.A norm-referenced test interprets a person's score by comparing it with the scores of a reference group, the norm sample, so results are expressed as percentiles, standard scores or IQs. Most standardized intelligence and aptitude tests work this way.A criterion-referenced test compares performance with a fixed standard of mastery, not with other people. An ipsative instrument compares a person's scores on different scales with each other, within the same person. Projective describes the kind of stimulus used, such as inkblots, not the basis of comparison.

Q: Which of the following is non-pictorial projective procedures ?(1) Word association test(2) Sentence completion test(3) Figure drawing test(4) Thematic apperception test

The non-pictorial projective procedures are (1) and (2).The word association test presents words and the sentence completion test presents incomplete sentences, so both use verbal stimuli rather than pictures.The Thematic Apperception Test presents pictures about which the person tells stories, so it is pictorial. Figure drawing tests (such as Draw-a-Person or House-Tree-Person) require the person to produce a picture, so they are classed as expressive or pictorial techniques, not non-pictorial ones. Options including (3) or (4) are wrong.

Q: What is the relation between coefficient alpha and coefficient of precision when a composite test is made up of non-parallel subtests ?

The relation is coefficient alpha ≤ coefficient of precision.Coefficient alpha equals the true reliability (precision) of a composite only when its parts are parallel or at least essentially tau-equivalent. When the subtests are not parallel, alpha underestimates reliability; it is a lower bound to the coefficient of precision.So alpha can equal the precision only in the special parallel case and is otherwise smaller; it is never larger, which rules out the greater-than-or-equal option, and 'equal' and 'approximately equal' hold only for parallel parts.

Q: Which of the following personality measure contains assessment of faking ?

The measure that assesses faking is the EPQ-R.The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised includes a Lie (L) scale alongside its Psychoticism, Extraversion and Neuroticism scales. The Lie scale detects faking good or socially desirable responding.The NEO-PI-3, HEXACO-PI-R and IPIP-NEO measure the Big Five or six HEXACO dimensions and contain no dedicated lie or faking scale in their standard form.

Q: Edward's personal preference schedule is based on :

The EPPS is based on Murray's theory of needs.Allen Edwards's Personal Preference Schedule (1954) measures 15 needs drawn from Henry Murray's list of psychogenic needs, such as achievement, affiliation, dominance and autonomy. It uses a forced-choice format, pairing statements of similar social desirability to reduce faking.Maslow's hierarchy, Freud's id-ego conflict and Rogers's self theory are not the basis of the EPPS.

Q: Thurstone is associated with which of the following ?

Thurstone is associated with the Equal appearing intervals scale.L. L. Thurstone (with Chave, 1929) developed the method of equal-appearing intervals for attitude measurement: judges sort many statements into 11 piles from unfavourable to favourable, and each statement's scale value is the median of the judgments. Respondents then endorse statements, and their attitude score is based on the scale values.The social distance scale is Bogardus's, the semantic differential is Osgood's, and the summated ratings scale is Likert's.

Q: Which of the following is/are true about the item discrimination index ?(I) It is a measure of reliability(II) It is a measure of validity

The item discrimination index is a measure of validity (statement II only).In item analysis the discrimination index shows how well an item separates people who do well on the whole test (or on an outside criterion) from those who do badly, usually as a difference in proportions passing between the top and bottom groups or as an item-total correlation. That is an item-level validity index: an item that discriminates well is measuring what the test as a whole measures.Reliability belongs to the test's consistency of scores, and at item level it is a separate index (an item reliability index, which also depends on the item's spread). The discrimination index is not that, so statement (I) is not what the index measures. (C) and (D) follow from the two statements and are therefore wrong too.

Q: When two forms of the same test are administered on the same sample immediately one after the other, this procedure will allow the researcher to study :

The procedure studies reliability across content.Giving two parallel (alternate) forms of a test one after the other, with no time gap, yields the alternate-forms reliability coefficient, which reflects consistency across different samples of items, that is, content sampling. Because there is no interval, changes over time do not enter.Reliability across time requires a time gap between administrations (test-retest or delayed alternate forms). Construct and concurrent validity concern what the test measures and its relation to a criterion, not the agreement between two forms.

101.

An instrument in which the individual's score is compared with scores of other individuals is called :

A.Ipsative instrument
B.Projective instrument
C.Norm Referenced instrument
D.Criterion Referenced instrument

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: C

This is a norm-referenced instrument.

A norm-referenced test interprets a person's score by comparing it with the scores of a reference group, the norm sample, so results are expressed as percentiles, standard scores or IQs. Most standardized intelligence and aptitude tests work this way.

A criterion-referenced test compares performance with a fixed standard of mastery, not with other people. An ipsative instrument compares a person's scores on different scales with each other, within the same person. Projective describes the kind of stimulus used, such as inkblots, not the basis of comparison.

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102.

Which of the following is non-pictorial projective procedures ?

(1) Word association test
(2) Sentence completion test
(3) Figure drawing test
(4) Thematic apperception test

A.(1) only
B.(1) and (2) only
C.(1), (2), and (3) only
D.(1), (2), and (4) only

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: B

The non-pictorial projective procedures are (1) and (2).

The word association test presents words and the sentence completion test presents incomplete sentences, so both use verbal stimuli rather than pictures.

The Thematic Apperception Test presents pictures about which the person tells stories, so it is pictorial. Figure drawing tests (such as Draw-a-Person or House-Tree-Person) require the person to produce a picture, so they are classed as expressive or pictorial techniques, not non-pictorial ones. Options including (3) or (4) are wrong.

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103.

Following are the statements of Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer them with the help of the following codes :

Assertion (A) : IRT is commonly used in computerized psychological testing to estimate ability.
Reason (R) : In IRT, four parameters can be estimated.

A.Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
B.Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
C.(A) is true but (R) is false
D.(A) is false but (R) is true

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: B

Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

(A) is true: item response theory (IRT) underlies computerized adaptive testing, where each item is chosen according to the test-taker's estimated ability and the ability estimate is updated after each response.

(R) is also true: IRT models can estimate up to four item parameters (discrimination, difficulty, a lower asymptote for guessing and an upper asymptote) in the four-parameter logistic model. But the number of parameters is not why IRT suits computerized testing; that comes from its estimation of ability on a common scale from any set of items. So (R) does not explain (A).

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104.

For MCMI IV, which of the following is not a severe personality pathology ?

A.Schizotypal
B.Borderline
C.Paranoid
D.Schizoid

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: D

The one that is not a severe personality pathology scale is Schizoid.

The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-IV) separates clinical personality patterns from severe personality pathology. Its severe personality pathology scales are Schizotypal, Borderline and Paranoid.

Schizoid belongs with the clinical personality pattern scales (alongside, for example, Avoidant, Dependent and Histrionic), so it is the odd one out.

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105.

What is the relation between coefficient alpha and coefficient of precision when a composite test is made up of non-parallel subtests ?

A.coefficient alpha = coefficient of precision
B.coefficient alpha ≤ coefficient of precision
C.coefficient alpha ≈ coefficient of precision
D.coefficient alpha ≥ coefficient of precision

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: B

The relation is coefficient alpha ≤ coefficient of precision.

Coefficient alpha equals the true reliability (precision) of a composite only when its parts are parallel or at least essentially tau-equivalent. When the subtests are not parallel, alpha underestimates reliability; it is a lower bound to the coefficient of precision.

So alpha can equal the precision only in the special parallel case and is otherwise smaller; it is never larger, which rules out the greater-than-or-equal option, and 'equal' and 'approximately equal' hold only for parallel parts.

Discuss in Forum

106.

Which of the following personality measure contains assessment of faking ?

A.EPQ-R
B.NEO-PI-3
C.HEXACO-PI-R
D.IPIP-NEO

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: A

The measure that assesses faking is the EPQ-R.

The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised includes a Lie (L) scale alongside its Psychoticism, Extraversion and Neuroticism scales. The Lie scale detects faking good or socially desirable responding.

The NEO-PI-3, HEXACO-PI-R and IPIP-NEO measure the Big Five or six HEXACO dimensions and contain no dedicated lie or faking scale in their standard form.

Discuss in Forum

107.

Edward's personal preference schedule is based on :

A.Maslow's theory of need hierarchy
B.Murray's theory of needs
C.Freud's theory of Id-Ego conflict
D.Roger's theory of personality

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: B

The EPPS is based on Murray's theory of needs.

Allen Edwards's Personal Preference Schedule (1954) measures 15 needs drawn from Henry Murray's list of psychogenic needs, such as achievement, affiliation, dominance and autonomy. It uses a forced-choice format, pairing statements of similar social desirability to reduce faking.

Maslow's hierarchy, Freud's id-ego conflict and Rogers's self theory are not the basis of the EPPS.

Discuss in Forum

108.

Thurstone is associated with which of the following ?

A.Equal appearing intervals scale
B.Social distance scale
C.Semantic differential scale
D.Summated ratings scale

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: A

Thurstone is associated with the Equal appearing intervals scale.

L. L. Thurstone (with Chave, 1929) developed the method of equal-appearing intervals for attitude measurement: judges sort many statements into 11 piles from unfavourable to favourable, and each statement's scale value is the median of the judgments. Respondents then endorse statements, and their attitude score is based on the scale values.

The social distance scale is Bogardus's, the semantic differential is Osgood's, and the summated ratings scale is Likert's.

Discuss in Forum

109.

Which of the following is/are true about the item discrimination index ?

(I) It is a measure of reliability
(II) It is a measure of validity

A.(I) only
B.(II) only
C.Both (I) and (II)
D.Neither (I) nor (II)

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: B

The item discrimination index is a measure of validity (statement II only).

In item analysis the discrimination index shows how well an item separates people who do well on the whole test (or on an outside criterion) from those who do badly, usually as a difference in proportions passing between the top and bottom groups or as an item-total correlation. That is an item-level validity index: an item that discriminates well is measuring what the test as a whole measures.

Reliability belongs to the test's consistency of scores, and at item level it is a separate index (an item reliability index, which also depends on the item's spread). The discrimination index is not that, so statement (I) is not what the index measures. (C) and (D) follow from the two statements and are therefore wrong too.

Discuss in Forum

110.

When two forms of the same test are administered on the same sample immediately one after the other, this procedure will allow the researcher to study :

A.Reliability across time
B.Reliability across content
C.Construct validity of the test
D.Concurrent validity of the test

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: B

The procedure studies reliability across content.

Giving two parallel (alternate) forms of a test one after the other, with no time gap, yields the alternate-forms reliability coefficient, which reflects consistency across different samples of items, that is, content sampling. Because there is no interval, changes over time do not enter.

Reliability across time requires a time gap between administrations (test-retest or delayed alternate forms). Construct and concurrent validity concern what the test measures and its relation to a criterion, not the agreement between two forms.

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