Sports Management Questions and Answers

Answer: C

The managerial function is Organizing.

The functions of human resource management are divided into managerial functions, the general functions of any manager (planning, organising, directing and controlling), and operative functions specific to HR (procurement, development, compensation, integration and maintenance, including performance appraisal).

Procurement, development and performance appraisal are therefore operative functions, and organising is the only managerial one listed.

Answer: C

The key gives The budget.

The budget sets the limits within which every other decision is made: the venue, the number of attendees who can be accommodated, catering, speakers, technology and promotion. Without knowing the budget, a planner cannot realistically choose or book anything, so it is the most important information to determine before the event.

Past events, expected attendance and group demographics all help shape the plan, but each is weighed within what the budget allows.

Answer: A

Deciding the location is helped by Research.

In the event planning process described by Joe Goldblatt (research, design, planning, coordination, evaluation), research comes first. It gathers the facts the decisions depend on: the audience and its needs, possible venues, their capacity, access, cost and availability. The choice of location rests on this information.

Design creates the concept and theme, planning sets the timeline and logistics once the main decisions are made, and coordinating manages the event as it happens.

Answer: C

The second stage is Design.

Goldblatt's five-stage event management process runs: research, design, planning, coordination and evaluation. After researching the needs and resources, the event manager designs the concept: its theme, elements and creative ideas.

Research is the first stage, planning the third, and evaluation the last, so they are not second.

Answer: A

The key gives High feedback opportunities as not a main reason.

Sports sponsorship has grown because sport attracts very large audiences, offers high visibility for brands through television and media coverage, and reaches groups of fans who share similar characteristics, which makes market segmentation easy. These are the reasons usually given in sports marketing texts.

Measuring the return on sponsorship is in fact notoriously difficult, so feedback is a weakness of sponsorship rather than a reason for its growth.

Answer: D

The key gives Event sponsorship as the most popular form.

Sponsoring an event, such as a tournament, a race or a series, often with naming rights ('title sponsorship'), is the most common form of sports sponsorship. It gives the sponsor a clearly defined property, concentrated media coverage and on-site branding and hospitality, with less risk than tying the brand to one athlete or team.

Individual athletes, teams and leagues are also sponsored, but each is a narrower and less common form than event sponsorship.

Answer: C

PR is best described as Low cost, high credibility, low control.

Public relations works through publicity in the media, which is not paid for like advertising, so it is low in cost. Because the message appears as news or comment by an independent source, audiences find it more credible. But the organisation cannot control what journalists finally write or when, so control is low.

Advertising is the opposite: high cost, high control and lower credibility. The other combinations misdescribe PR on at least one of the three.

Answer: D

The model used most is Press Agentry.

James Grunig and Todd Hunt described four models of public relations: press agentry/publicity, public information, two-way asymmetric and two-way symmetric. Press agentry, one-way publicity aimed at getting attention, often with little regard for complete truth, was estimated to be the most widely practised of the four.

The two-way symmetric model is presented as the ideal, but it is the least practised, and the public information and asymmetric models fall in between.

Answer: B

Inspiring the staff reflects Leadership skill.

Leadership is the ability to influence and motivate people towards a goal: setting a vision, encouraging commitment and inspiring the team to give its best. That is exactly what inspiring the staff describes.

Negotiating is reaching agreement with others, project management is planning and controlling tasks and resources, and budgeting is financial planning; none is primarily about inspiring people.

Answer: B

Dynamic pricing means prices that change based on demand and other factors.

Under dynamic pricing, ticket prices rise or fall in real time with demand, the opponent, the day of the week, the weather, the team's form and the number of seats left, much as airline fares do. Many professional sports clubs now use it to fill seats and raise revenue.

Fixed prices are the opposite, and group discounts and early bird offers are separate pricing tactics with set rules.