Welfare and Development Services Administration Questions and Answers

Answer: A

Youth development programmes mainly focus on enhancing leadership and life skills.

Such programmes aim to help young people grow into capable, confident and responsible adults. They build leadership, communication, decision-making and other life skills, together with education, health and employability.

Reducing taxes on young people and promoting urbanisation are not their purpose. Youth development may encourage civic participation, but campaigning for a political party is not its aim, and certainly not its only focus.

Answer: C

The holistic approach is integrated programmes covering health, education, livelihood and leadership.

A holistic approach treats young people as whole persons, whose physical health, learning, economic prospects and civic role all affect one another. Programmes that address these together are more effective than ones that tackle a single need.

Each of the other options is a single-track programme, introduced by the word only: sports, literacy or vocational training alone. Each is valuable, but none is holistic.

Answer: C

The programme focused on youth development is the Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan (NYKS).

The Nehru Yuva Kendras were set up in 1972 to give rural youth opportunities to take part in nation-building, and they were brought together as the Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan under the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports in 1987. It works through district centres and village youth clubs.

The Mid-Day Meal Scheme provides cooked meals to schoolchildren, Ayushman Bharat is a health scheme, and the Community Development Programme of 1952 aimed at overall rural development rather than at youth.

Answer: B

A programme is formulated by setting the goal first, specifying the objectives that lead to it, developing the activities that will achieve them, and identifying the indicators by which progress is measured. The sequence is iv, iii, ii, i. The other options start with indicators or activities, which cannot be chosen until the goal and objectives are known. The goal is the broad purpose, the objectives are its measurable parts, and the indicators are the evidence used later in monitoring and evaluation. The answer is iv, iii, ii, i.

Answer: B

Pathos is the appeal to emotion in an argument (a-2), logos the appeal to logic or the logical structure of the speaker's argument (b-4), burnout is the state of detachment from work caused by long stress (c-1), and the defence mechanism, printed as 'defuse mechanism', is a reaction to frustration (d-3). The code is a-2, b-4, c-1, d-3.

Answer: B

The logical sequence of the stages of programme management is identification of felt needs (iii), project formulation (ii), monitoring and evaluation (i) and recording (iv). The needs come first, then the project is planned, then monitored and evaluated, and a record is kept.

The other sequences start with monitoring or recording, which cannot come before the need is known and the project is planned.

Answer: A

Accountability in governance refers to the ability of citizens to hold leaders, government and public organisations to account for what they do. It makes those in power answerable for their decisions and their use of public money.

Opening bank accounts, the national income account and the behaviour of chartered accountants are not what accountability in governance means, as the other three statements are about banking and accounting.

Answer: C

The Panchayati Raj institutions have brought formal representation of the weaker sections in village governance. The constitutional amendment reserved seats for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and women in panchayats, so these groups now sit in village bodies.

Panchayati Raj has not by itself eradicated untouchability, spread land ownership to the depressed classes, or spread education to the masses, which are results of other laws and programmes.

Answer: A

Decision-making is the process by which a course of action is selected to deal with a specific problem. The alternatives are weighed and one is chosen.

Goal setting fixes what is to be achieved, strategic planning sets the long term direction, and organisational planning is the planning of the structure of the organisation, so none of them describes the choice of a course of action for a given problem.

Answer: B

ROI stands for Return on Investment, a measure of the profit or benefit gained from an investment in relation to its cost.

'Return over Investment', 'Return on Interest' and 'Return on Internship' are not the standard expansion of the abbreviation, so they are distractors. It is found by dividing the net profit by the cost of the investment, and it is usually shown as a percentage, so a higher figure means a better return.