Match List I with List II and select the correct answer by using the codes given below :List IList II(a) The Art of cutting metals(1) 1953(b) Dynamic Administration(2) 1941(c) The Human side of Enterprise(3) 1906(d) Fundamental Research in Administration(4) 1960

The correct code is (a)-(3), (b)-(2), (c)-(4), (d)-(1).(a) F. W. Taylor's paper On the Art of Cutting Metals dates from 1906.(b) Dynamic Administration, the collected papers of Mary Parker Follett, was published in 1941.(c) Douglas McGregor's The Human Side of Enterprise, which introduced Theory X and Theory Y, appeared in 1960.(d) Fundamental Research in Administration takes the remaining date, 1953.Taylor, Follett and McGregor are firm anchors, and only this code puts 1906, 1941 and 1960 against them. The first code puts Taylor at 1953, and the other two misplace Follett or McGregor.

Match List I with List II and select the correct answer from the codes given below :List IList II(a) Decision tree(1) Trial and error approach to complex problems(b) Simulation(2) Group decision technique(c) Delphi Technique(3) Graphic method to see alternative solutions(d) Link-pin concept(4) Avoid face to face communicationCodes : (a) (b) (c) (d)

The correct code is (3) (1) (4) (2).(a) A decision tree is a graphic method that lays out the alternative courses of action and their outcomes as branches.(b) Simulation is a trial and error approach to complex problems, testing alternatives on a model instead of in reality.(c) The Delphi technique collects expert opinion through repeated anonymous questionnaires, so it avoids face to face communication.(d) Rensis Likert's link-pin concept links overlapping work groups, each manager being a member of two groups, and is matched here with group decision making.Only option A gives decision tree (3), simulation (1) and Delphi (4); every other code puts at least one of these three in the wrong place.

Administrative Thought Questions and Answers

Q: Taylor’s scientific managment was first known as :

The key gives Task and Bonus Management.Before the name 'scientific management' came into wide use around 1910, Taylor's system was known as the task system or task management: each worker was set a defined task for the day, worked out by time and motion study, and earned a bonus or a higher piece rate for completing it. Henry Gantt's task-and-bonus plan grew out of the same system. Of the options, task and bonus management is the one that names that earlier form.Scientific Management is the later name, not the first. Time study was a technique within the system, not its name. 'Rubble Hypothesis' is the paper's spelling of Mayo's 'rabble hypothesis', a criticism of classical economics' view of workers, and has nothing to do with Taylor's label.

Q: Human Relations Theory believed that people are :

The Human Relations Theory believed that people are heterogenous.The Hawthorne studies of Elton Mayo and his colleagues showed that workers respond to their work as members of social groups, with their own sentiments, needs and informal norms. People differ from one another, and the same incentive does not move them all in the same way. The human relations school therefore treated workers as varied, social beings rather than as interchangeable units.The 'economic man' view, that workers are moved by money alone, is the classical assumption the school rejected. Treating people as homogenous, all alike, belongs to the same classical view. 'Atomistic' describes individuals acting in isolation, which is the opposite of the group behaviour Hawthorne revealed.

Q: Who is considered as the pioneer of the New Public Administration ?

The pioneer of New Public Administration is Dwight Waldo.New Public Administration grew out of the Minnowbrook Conference of 1968, held at Syracuse University under Waldo's sponsorship, where young scholars called for a discipline concerned with relevance, values, social equity and change. Waldo had earlier challenged the politics-administration dichotomy in The Administrative State (1948), and he is generally named as the father of the movement.Ferrel Heady is known for comparative public administration. Christopher Hood gave the classic account of New Public Management (1991), a later and quite different movement. Since Hood is not a pioneer of New Public Administration, 'Both (A) and (C)' is also wrong.

Q: Who elaborated the term ‘consumerism’ in the context of postmodernism ?

The term was elaborated by Jean Baudrillard.In The Consumer Society (1970) and later works, Baudrillard argued that in postmodern society goods are consumed less for their use than as signs: consumption is a system of meanings through which people mark status and identity. His account of consumerism, simulation and hyperreality is the standard postmodern treatment of the idea.Nietzsche, a nineteenth-century philosopher, is a forerunner of postmodern thought but did not write about consumerism. Jacques Derrida is known for deconstruction, the analysis of texts and meaning. Michel Foucault is known for his studies of power, knowledge and discipline. None of them developed the theory of consumer society.

Q: The foundation stone of motivation theory is the integrated wholeness of :

The answer is the organism.This is the first proposition of Abraham Maslow's paper A Theory of Human Motivation (1943), where he says that the integrated wholeness of the organism must be one of the foundation stones of motivation theory. Maslow meant that it is the whole individual who is motivated, not a separate part such as the stomach: a hungry person is hungry as a whole, and every faculty is affected. His hierarchy of needs is built on that premise.The organisation, the society and nature are the settings in which a person acts. Maslow's starting point was the individual human being as a unified whole, so none of those is the term he used.

Q: Decision-making comprises of three different activities :

The three activities are intelligence, design, choice.Herbert Simon divided decision-making into three phases: the intelligence activity of searching the environment for occasions that call for a decision, the design activity of inventing and analysing possible courses of action, and the choice activity of selecting one of them.Each wrong option swaps one of Simon's terms: 'problem' for design, 'opinion' for intelligence, or 'environment' for choice. None of those is one of the three phases.

Q: Which one of the following is not prakriti (or vital organ) of the state according to Kautilya ?

The one that is not a prakriti is Senapati.Kautilya's Arthashastra lists seven prakritis, the constituent elements of the state (saptanga theory): svamin (the king), amatya (ministers), janapada (territory and people), durga (fort), kosha (treasury), danda (army or force) and mitra (ally).Svamin, kosh and amatya are all among the seven. The army appears as danda, but the commander-in-chief (senapati) is an official, not one of the seven elements of the state.

21.

Taylor’s scientific managment was first known as :

A.Scientific Management
B.Time Study
C.Rubble Hypothesis
D.Task and Bonus Management

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: D

The key gives Task and Bonus Management.

Before the name 'scientific management' came into wide use around 1910, Taylor's system was known as the task system or task management: each worker was set a defined task for the day, worked out by time and motion study, and earned a bonus or a higher piece rate for completing it. Henry Gantt's task-and-bonus plan grew out of the same system. Of the options, task and bonus management is the one that names that earlier form.

Scientific Management is the later name, not the first. Time study was a technique within the system, not its name. 'Rubble Hypothesis' is the paper's spelling of Mayo's 'rabble hypothesis', a criticism of classical economics' view of workers, and has nothing to do with Taylor's label.

Discuss in Forum

22.

Human Relations Theory believed that people are :

A.Homogenous
B.Heterogenous
C.Atomistic
D.Economic men

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: B

The Human Relations Theory believed that people are heterogenous.

The Hawthorne studies of Elton Mayo and his colleagues showed that workers respond to their work as members of social groups, with their own sentiments, needs and informal norms. People differ from one another, and the same incentive does not move them all in the same way. The human relations school therefore treated workers as varied, social beings rather than as interchangeable units.

The 'economic man' view, that workers are moved by money alone, is the classical assumption the school rejected. Treating people as homogenous, all alike, belongs to the same classical view. 'Atomistic' describes individuals acting in isolation, which is the opposite of the group behaviour Hawthorne revealed.

Discuss in Forum

23.

Assertion (A) and Reason (R) Pattern :

Assertion (A) : Taylor’s primary concern was management at the supervisory level and gave much stress on the efficiency of workers and managers at operational level.
Reason (R) : Scientific management is just a mental revolution for both employer and employees.

Codes :

A.Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
B.Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
C.(A) is true but (R) is false
D.(A) is false but (R) is true

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: B

Both statements are true but the Reason does not explain the Assertion, so the answer is Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

The Assertion is true: unlike Fayol, who wrote from the top-management viewpoint, Taylor worked from the shop floor upward and was concerned with the efficiency of workers and supervisors at the operating level. The Reason is also true: in his 1912 testimony before a committee of the US House of Representatives, Taylor said that scientific management involves a complete mental revolution on the part of both workers and management.

The mental revolution describes the change of attitude Taylor wanted, from fighting over the division of surplus to cooperating to increase it. It does not explain why his concern lay at the supervisory and operative level, so (R) is not the explanation of (A).

Discuss in Forum

24.

Match List I with List II and select the correct answer by using the codes given below :

List I	List II
(a) The Art of cutting metals	(1) 1953
(b) Dynamic Administration	(2) 1941
(c) The Human side of Enterprise	(3) 1906
(d) Fundamental Research in Administration	(4) 1960

A.(a)-(1), (b)-(3), (c)-(4), (d)-(2)
B.(a)-(3), (b)-(2), (c)-(4), (d)-(1)
C.(a)-(3), (b)-(1), (c)-(2), (d)-(4)
D.(a)-(3), (b)-(4), (c)-(2), (d)-(1)

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: B

The correct code is (a)-(3), (b)-(2), (c)-(4), (d)-(1).

(a) F. W. Taylor's paper On the Art of Cutting Metals dates from 1906.
(b) Dynamic Administration, the collected papers of Mary Parker Follett, was published in 1941.
(c) Douglas McGregor's The Human Side of Enterprise, which introduced Theory X and Theory Y, appeared in 1960.
(d) Fundamental Research in Administration takes the remaining date, 1953.

Taylor, Follett and McGregor are firm anchors, and only this code puts 1906, 1941 and 1960 against them. The first code puts Taylor at 1953, and the other two misplace Follett or McGregor.

Discuss in Forum

25.

Who is considered as the pioneer of the New Public Administration ?

A.Dwight Waldo
B.Ferrel Heady
C.Christopher Hood
D.Both (A) and (C)

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: A

The pioneer of New Public Administration is Dwight Waldo.

New Public Administration grew out of the Minnowbrook Conference of 1968, held at Syracuse University under Waldo's sponsorship, where young scholars called for a discipline concerned with relevance, values, social equity and change. Waldo had earlier challenged the politics-administration dichotomy in The Administrative State (1948), and he is generally named as the father of the movement.

Ferrel Heady is known for comparative public administration. Christopher Hood gave the classic account of New Public Management (1991), a later and quite different movement. Since Hood is not a pioneer of New Public Administration, 'Both (A) and (C)' is also wrong.

Discuss in Forum

26.

Who elaborated the term ‘consumerism’ in the context of postmodernism ?

A.Nietzsche
B.Derrida
C.Michel Foucault
D.Jean Baudrillard

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: D

The term was elaborated by Jean Baudrillard.

In The Consumer Society (1970) and later works, Baudrillard argued that in postmodern society goods are consumed less for their use than as signs: consumption is a system of meanings through which people mark status and identity. His account of consumerism, simulation and hyperreality is the standard postmodern treatment of the idea.

Nietzsche, a nineteenth-century philosopher, is a forerunner of postmodern thought but did not write about consumerism. Jacques Derrida is known for deconstruction, the analysis of texts and meaning. Michel Foucault is known for his studies of power, knowledge and discipline. None of them developed the theory of consumer society.

Discuss in Forum

27.

The foundation stone of motivation theory is the integrated wholeness of :

A.The organism
B.The organization
C.The society
D.The nature

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: A

The answer is the organism.

This is the first proposition of Abraham Maslow's paper A Theory of Human Motivation (1943), where he says that the integrated wholeness of the organism must be one of the foundation stones of motivation theory. Maslow meant that it is the whole individual who is motivated, not a separate part such as the stomach: a hungry person is hungry as a whole, and every faculty is affected. His hierarchy of needs is built on that premise.

The organisation, the society and nature are the settings in which a person acts. Maslow's starting point was the individual human being as a unified whole, so none of those is the term he used.

Discuss in Forum

28.

Decision-making comprises of three different activities :

A.Intelligence, design, choice
B.Intelligence, problem, choice
C.Opinion, design, choice
D.Intelligence, design, environment

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: A

The three activities are intelligence, design, choice.

Herbert Simon divided decision-making into three phases: the intelligence activity of searching the environment for occasions that call for a decision, the design activity of inventing and analysing possible courses of action, and the choice activity of selecting one of them.

Each wrong option swaps one of Simon's terms: 'problem' for design, 'opinion' for intelligence, or 'environment' for choice. None of those is one of the three phases.

Discuss in Forum

29.

Match List I with List II and select the correct answer from the codes given below :

List I	List II
(a) Decision tree	(1) Trial and error approach to complex problems
(b) Simulation	(2) Group decision technique
(c) Delphi Technique	(3) Graphic method to see alternative solutions
(d) Link-pin concept	(4) Avoid face to face communication

Codes : (a) (b) (c) (d)

A.(3) (1) (4) (2)
B.(2) (4) (1) (3)
C.(1) (3) (2) (4)
D.(4) (1) (3) (2)

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: A

The correct code is (3) (1) (4) (2).

(a) A decision tree is a graphic method that lays out the alternative courses of action and their outcomes as branches.
(b) Simulation is a trial and error approach to complex problems, testing alternatives on a model instead of in reality.
(c) The Delphi technique collects expert opinion through repeated anonymous questionnaires, so it avoids face to face communication.
(d) Rensis Likert's link-pin concept links overlapping work groups, each manager being a member of two groups, and is matched here with group decision making.

Only option A gives decision tree (3), simulation (1) and Delphi (4); every other code puts at least one of these three in the wrong place.

Discuss in Forum

30.

Which one of the following is not prakriti (or vital organ) of the state according to Kautilya ?

A.Svamin
B.Kosh
C.Senapati
D.Amatya

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: C

The one that is not a prakriti is Senapati.

Kautilya's Arthashastra lists seven prakritis, the constituent elements of the state (saptanga theory): svamin (the king), amatya (ministers), janapada (territory and people), durga (fort), kosha (treasury), danda (army or force) and mitra (ally).

Svamin, kosh and amatya are all among the seven. The army appears as danda, but the commander-in-chief (senapati) is an official, not one of the seven elements of the state.

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