Human Development and Interventions Questions and Answers

161.

Give the correct sequence for controlling irrational thoughts given below :

1. Evaluate the accuracy
2. Reward your self for effective change
3. Prepare incompatible thoughts
4. Develop awareness
Codes :

A.4 - 2 - 1 - 3
B.2 - 4 - 1 - 3
C.4 - 1 - 3 - 2
D.3 - 2 - 1 - 4

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

The sequence for controlling irrational thoughts is: develop awareness (4), evaluate the accuracy (1), prepare incompatible thoughts (3) and reward yourself for effective change (2). One must first notice the thought, then test whether it is true, then prepare thoughts that cannot co-exist with it, and finally reinforce the change.

The other orders reward before evaluating, or prepare the replacement before checking the thought, which reverses the logical order.

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162.

According to epidemiology, different types of measures of epidemiology of mental illness are

1. Prevalence
2. Point prevalence
3. Incidence
4. Percentage

A.1, 2, 4 only
B.1, 3, 4 only
C.2, 3, 4 only
D.1, 2, 3 only

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

Epidemiology of mental illness uses the measures of prevalence, point prevalence and incidence, so the answer is 1, 2 and 3. Prevalence is the number of existing cases in a population, point prevalence the cases at one moment, and incidence the number of new cases in a period.

Percentage is only a way of expressing a figure, not a separate epidemiological measure. So the options with 4 are wrong.

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163.

The most common cause of severe intellectual and emotional impairment in older individuals is

A.Parkinson's disease
B.Multiple sclerosis
C.Alzheimer's disease
D.Senile psychosis

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

The most common cause of severe intellectual and emotional impairment in older people is Alzheimer's disease. It destroys the neurons gradually, first affecting memory and then thinking, personality and the ability to live independently.

Parkinson's disease mainly affects movement, multiple sclerosis affects the myelin of the nerves and appears in younger adults, and 'senile psychosis' is a general term for a condition and not the leading cause of dementia.

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164.

Match List - I and List - II and indicate your answer using the codes given below :

List - I (Disorder)	List - II (Explanation)
p. Depression	1. Classical conditioning
q. Schizophrenia	2. Negative attribution style
r. Phobia	3. Alcoholism
s. Korsakoff's syndrome	4. Dopamine hypothesis

Codes : p q r s

A.3 2 4 1
B.2 4 1 3
C.1 3 2 4
D.2 1 4 3

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

The correct matching is p-2, q-4, r-1, s-3. Depression is explained by a negative attribution style, schizophrenia by the dopamine hypothesis, phobia by classical conditioning, and Korsakoff's syndrome is linked to alcoholism through thiamine deficiency.

The other codes link depression with alcoholism or phobia with the dopamine hypothesis, which does not fit the explanations.

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165.

Which of the following emerges when self-control replaces parental-control ?

A.Ego
B.Super ego
C.Identity Achievement
D.Identity Diffusion

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

When self-control replaces parental control, the super ego has emerged. In Freud's theory the super ego is the internalised moral voice of parents and society, and the child's conscience takes over the work of external control.

The ego is the reality-based executive of the personality, and identity achievement and identity diffusion are Erikson and Marcia's statuses of adolescent identity, and are not about replacing parental control with self-control.

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166.

The process of organic and intellectual self regulation is called

A.Equilibration
B.Equilibrium
C.Assimilation
D.Accommodation

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

Equilibration is the process of organic and intellectual self-regulation in Piaget's theory. It is the balancing of assimilation and accommodation by which the child moves from a state of disequilibrium to a more stable level of thinking.

Equilibrium is the state that is reached, not the process. Assimilation and accommodation are the two parts of adaptation, which are balanced by equilibration, so each of them alone is not the self-regulation.

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167.

Token economy is a behaviour modification technique based on the following learning principles :

1. Discrimination learning
2. Contingency contracting
3. Positive reinforcement
4. Classical conditioning

A.1 and 3 only
B.2 and 4 only
C.2 and 3 only
D.3 and 4 only

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

A token economy rests on contingency contracting and positive reinforcement. Tokens are given when the desired behaviour occurs and are exchanged later for backup reinforcers, under an agreed contract that sets what behaviour earns what reward. So the answer is 2 and 3.

Discrimination learning and classical conditioning are not the principles on which it is built, so options with 1 or 4 are wrong.

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168.

Read each of the following two statements - Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and indicate your answer using the codes given below :

Assertion (A) : When asked about his religious beliefs, Ram expressed 'I do not know. I just don't see how there can be God and yet so much evil in the world'.
Reason (R) : Identity-foreclosed individuals have committed themselves to values and goals without exploring alternatives.
Codes :

A.Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B.Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C.(A) is true, but (R) is false.
D.(A) is false, but (R) is true.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

Both statements are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). Ram's uncertainty about God, because of evil in the world, shows that he is exploring questions without commitment, which is the moratorium or diffusion status, rather than commitment.

(R) is a true description of identity foreclosure, in which a person commits to values without exploring, but Ram has not committed, so foreclosure does not explain his statement.

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169.

Given below are two statements; one labelled as Assertion (A), and the other labelled as Reason (R). Indicate your answer using the codes given below :

Assertion (A) : Children have remarkable ability to create mental representations of the world in the form of language.
Reason (R) : Reasoning and problem solving are the ways of manipulating the ideas.
Codes :

A.Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B.Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C.(A) is true, but (R) is false.
D.(A) is false, but (R) is true.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

Both statements are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). Children have a remarkable ability to build mental representations of the world in language. Reasoning and problem solving are the ways in which ideas are manipulated.

The second statement says what thinking does with ideas and does not explain why children can represent the world in language. So the second option is correct, not the one with the explanation.

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170.

Read each of the following two statements - Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and indicate your answer using the codes given below :

Assertion (A) : Increased metabolic activity in frontal cortex and the caudate nucleus has been implicated in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder.
Reason (R) : Current evidence suggests that increased serotonin activity and increased sensitivity of some brain structures to serotonin are involved in Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms.
Codes :

A.Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B.Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C.(A) is true, but (R) is false.
D.(A) is false, but (R) is true.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

Both statements are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) according to the key. Increased metabolic activity in the frontal cortex and caudate nucleus is found in obsessive compulsive disorder, and increased serotonin activity and sensitivity to serotonin are also implicated.

The two are separate findings, one of brain activity and one of neurotransmitter function, and the key does not treat the second as accounting for the first. So the options calling either one false are wrong.

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