Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below :List-I (Theoretical Perspective of Lifespan Development)List-II (Theorist)(P) Socioculture(1) Urie Bronfenbrenner(Q) Psychosocial(2) Lev Vygotsky(R) Sociocognitive(3) Albert Bandura(S) Bioecological(4) Erik Erikson

The correct code is P-(2), Q-(4), R-(3), S-(1).Sociocultural theory: Lev Vygotsky, with learning through social interaction and the zone of proximal development.Psychosocial theory: Erik Erikson, with eight stages of psychosocial crises across the lifespan.Sociocognitive (social cognitive) theory: Albert Bandura, with observational learning and self-efficacy.Bioecological model: Urie Bronfenbrenner, with nested systems from micro to macro.Every other code misplaces at least two of the theorists, for example giving Bronfenbrenner the sociocultural label.

Human Development and Interventions Questions and Answers

Q: ............... perspective considered the relation relationship between individuals and their physical cognitive, personality and social world.

This is the contextual perspective (printed 'contexual').The contextual perspective in lifespan development considers the relationship between individuals and their physical, cognitive, personality and social worlds, treating development as embedded in settings. Bronfenbrenner's bioecological approach and Vygotsky's sociocultural theory are its main examples.The humanistic perspective stresses free will and self-actualization, the biological perspective genes and the body, and an eclectic approach draws from several theories without being a perspective with its own claim about context.

Q: The three assumptions made by lifespan developmentalists include :(1) A focus on human development(2) An understanding of stability in addition to growth and change and(3) ............................ .

The third assumption is that development persists throughout our entire lives.Lifespan developmentalists hold that development is lifelong, from conception to death. They study growth, change and stability, and they reject the older view that only childhood matters.The other options contradict this. Treating childhood changes as the only ones worth studying, or saying some periods of life are more important than others, is exactly the view the lifespan approach rejects, since every period has its own developmental tasks. Calling development a stagnant process contradicts the very idea of development as change.

Q: According to analytical therapy which four stages sequence is a correct example ?

The correct sequence is Confession; Elucidation; Education; Transformation.Jung described four stages of analytical psychotherapy. In confession the patient brings repressed or secret material into the open. Elucidation interprets it, including the transference. Education helps the patient adapt socially and apply the insight. Transformation, the stage Jung considered his own contribution, is the deep change of the personality through the relationship with the analyst and the process of individuation.The other sequences scramble this order; transformation is always the last stage, and confession the first.

Q: To combat bullying and peer pressure the following training is the most beneficial :

The most beneficial training is assertiveness.Assertiveness training teaches a person to state their needs and refuse demands clearly and calmly, without being passive or aggressive. Saying no firmly, standing one's ground and seeking help are the core skills for resisting peer pressure and responding to bullies, which is why it is a standard component of anti-bullying and life-skills programmes.General communication skills help but do not target resisting pressure. Martial arts may build confidence but risk escalating to violence, and legal knowledge does not equip a young person to handle the moment of pressure itself.

Q: The type of counselling process proposed by Carl Rogers is .........

Carl Rogers proposed non-directive counselling.In Rogers's client-centred (non-directive) approach, the counsellor does not diagnose, advise or direct. Instead the counsellor offers unconditional positive regard, empathy and genuineness, trusting the client's own capacity for growth to find solutions.Directive counselling, in which the counsellor diagnoses and advises, is associated with E. G. Williamson. Eclectic counselling, associated with F. C. Thorne, combines directive and non-directive methods as needed. 'Dominant counselling' is not a recognised approach.

Q: When individuals receive information about an aspect of their physiological state and then they attempt to alter that state. This is in an example of technique :

The technique is Biofeedback.In biofeedback, a person receives continuous information, usually through a display or tone, about a physiological process such as heart rate, muscle tension, skin temperature or brain waves, and learns to bring it under voluntary control. It is used for problems such as tension headaches and hypertension.Relaxation and exercise can change physiological states but do not depend on feedback about them. Hypnotism works through suggestion, not through information about one's bodily state.

Q: The child will typically play with the toys and bring one to the caregiver to show and describe it from time to time. The child may be upset when the caregiver departs but is also happy to see the caregiver return. This shows which attachment style ?

This is the Secure attachment style.In Ainsworth's Strange Situation, a securely attached child uses the caregiver as a secure base: the child explores and plays freely, checks in by bringing toys to show, may be upset when the caregiver leaves, and is happily comforted on the caregiver's return.An avoidant child shows little distress at separation and ignores the caregiver on return; an ambivalent (resistant) child is very distressed and both seeks and resists contact on return; and a disorganised child shows confused or contradictory behaviour.

Q: According to the classic concepts of Row & Kahn, successful aging comprises of ...........

Successful aging comprises high physical, psychological and social functioning in old age without diseases.Rowe and Kahn's classic model (the paper prints 'Row') defines successful aging by three components: low probability of disease and disability, high cognitive and physical functional capacity, and active engagement with life through relationships and productive activity.Happiness alone is a subjective criterion, adaptation to age-related change in context is closer to Baltes's selective optimisation with compensation, and a balance of needs and competence describes person-environment fit models; none is Rowe and Kahn's definition.

Q: Which of the following lifestyle factors is known to affect wellbeing positively in late adulthood ?

The positive factor is mental and physical activity.Research on aging consistently finds that staying physically active and mentally engaged, through exercise, learning, hobbies and social activity, is linked to better health, cognitive functioning and well-being in late adulthood.Alcohol and drug consumption harm health in later life, and retiring early is not reliably linked to better well-being; its effects depend on health, finances and the activities that replace work.

141.

............... perspective considered the relation relationship between individuals and their physical cognitive, personality and social world.

A.The humanistic
B.The biological
C.The eclectic
D.The contexual

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: D

This is the contextual perspective (printed 'contexual').

The contextual perspective in lifespan development considers the relationship between individuals and their physical, cognitive, personality and social worlds, treating development as embedded in settings. Bronfenbrenner's bioecological approach and Vygotsky's sociocultural theory are its main examples.

The humanistic perspective stresses free will and self-actualization, the biological perspective genes and the body, and an eclectic approach draws from several theories without being a perspective with its own claim about context.

Discuss in Forum

142.

The three assumptions made by lifespan developmentalists include :

(1) A focus on human development
(2) An understanding of stability in addition to growth and change and
(3) ............................ .

A.The development persist throughout our entire lives
B.The childhood developmental changes are the only changes worth studying
C.Some periods of the lifespan are more important than others
D.Development is a stagnant process

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: A

The third assumption is that development persists throughout our entire lives.

Lifespan developmentalists hold that development is lifelong, from conception to death. They study growth, change and stability, and they reject the older view that only childhood matters.

The other options contradict this. Treating childhood changes as the only ones worth studying, or saying some periods of life are more important than others, is exactly the view the lifespan approach rejects, since every period has its own developmental tasks. Calling development a stagnant process contradicts the very idea of development as change.

Discuss in Forum

143.

According to analytical therapy which four stages sequence is a correct example ?

A.Education; Elucidation; Confession, Transformation
B.Transformation; Education, Elucidation, Confession
C.Confession; Elucidation; Education; Transformation
D.Elucidation; Education, Confession, Transformation

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: C

The correct sequence is Confession; Elucidation; Education; Transformation.

Jung described four stages of analytical psychotherapy. In confession the patient brings repressed or secret material into the open. Elucidation interprets it, including the transference. Education helps the patient adapt socially and apply the insight. Transformation, the stage Jung considered his own contribution, is the deep change of the personality through the relationship with the analyst and the process of individuation.

The other sequences scramble this order; transformation is always the last stage, and confession the first.

Discuss in Forum

144.

Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below :

List-I (Theoretical Perspective of Lifespan Development)	List-II (Theorist)
(P) Socioculture	(1) Urie Bronfenbrenner
(Q) Psychosocial	(2) Lev Vygotsky
(R) Sociocognitive	(3) Albert Bandura
(S) Bioecological	(4) Erik Erikson

A.P-(2), Q-(4), R-(3), S-(1)
B.P-(1), Q-(3), R-(2), S-(4)
C.P-(4), Q-(2), R-(1), S-(3)
D.P-(3), Q-(1), R-(4), S-(2)

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: A

The correct code is P-(2), Q-(4), R-(3), S-(1).

Sociocultural theory: Lev Vygotsky, with learning through social interaction and the zone of proximal development.
Psychosocial theory: Erik Erikson, with eight stages of psychosocial crises across the lifespan.
Sociocognitive (social cognitive) theory: Albert Bandura, with observational learning and self-efficacy.
Bioecological model: Urie Bronfenbrenner, with nested systems from micro to macro.

Every other code misplaces at least two of the theorists, for example giving Bronfenbrenner the sociocultural label.

Discuss in Forum

145.

To combat bullying and peer pressure the following training is the most beneficial :

A.Communication
B.Martial Arts
C.Legal knowledge
D.Assertiveness

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: D

The most beneficial training is assertiveness.

Assertiveness training teaches a person to state their needs and refuse demands clearly and calmly, without being passive or aggressive. Saying no firmly, standing one's ground and seeking help are the core skills for resisting peer pressure and responding to bullies, which is why it is a standard component of anti-bullying and life-skills programmes.

General communication skills help but do not target resisting pressure. Martial arts may build confidence but risk escalating to violence, and legal knowledge does not equip a young person to handle the moment of pressure itself.

Discuss in Forum

146.

The type of counselling process proposed by Carl Rogers is .........

A.Directive counseling
B.Eclectic counselling
C.Dominant counselling
D.Non-directive counseling

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: D

Carl Rogers proposed non-directive counselling.

In Rogers's client-centred (non-directive) approach, the counsellor does not diagnose, advise or direct. Instead the counsellor offers unconditional positive regard, empathy and genuineness, trusting the client's own capacity for growth to find solutions.

Directive counselling, in which the counsellor diagnoses and advises, is associated with E. G. Williamson. Eclectic counselling, associated with F. C. Thorne, combines directive and non-directive methods as needed. 'Dominant counselling' is not a recognised approach.

Discuss in Forum

147.

When individuals receive information about an aspect of their physiological state and then they attempt to alter that state. This is in an example of technique :

A.Relaxation
B.Biofeedback
C.Exercise
D.Hypnotism

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: B

The technique is Biofeedback.

In biofeedback, a person receives continuous information, usually through a display or tone, about a physiological process such as heart rate, muscle tension, skin temperature or brain waves, and learns to bring it under voluntary control. It is used for problems such as tension headaches and hypertension.

Relaxation and exercise can change physiological states but do not depend on feedback about them. Hypnotism works through suggestion, not through information about one's bodily state.

Discuss in Forum

148.

The child will typically play with the toys and bring one to the caregiver to show and describe it from time to time. The child may be upset when the caregiver departs but is also happy to see the caregiver return. This shows which attachment style ?

A.Secure attachment style
B.Disorganized attachment style
C.Ambivalent attachment style
D.Avoidant attachment style

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: A

This is the Secure attachment style.

In Ainsworth's Strange Situation, a securely attached child uses the caregiver as a secure base: the child explores and plays freely, checks in by bringing toys to show, may be upset when the caregiver leaves, and is happily comforted on the caregiver's return.

An avoidant child shows little distress at separation and ignores the caregiver on return; an ambivalent (resistant) child is very distressed and both seeks and resists contact on return; and a disorganised child shows confused or contradictory behaviour.

Discuss in Forum

149.

According to the classic concepts of Row & Kahn, successful aging comprises of ...........

A.High physical, psychological and social functioning in old age without diseases
B.Factors within the person like happiness
C.Adaption to age related changes in a given context
D.Balance between person's needs and competency

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: A

Successful aging comprises high physical, psychological and social functioning in old age without diseases.

Rowe and Kahn's classic model (the paper prints 'Row') defines successful aging by three components: low probability of disease and disability, high cognitive and physical functional capacity, and active engagement with life through relationships and productive activity.

Happiness alone is a subjective criterion, adaptation to age-related change in context is closer to Baltes's selective optimisation with compensation, and a balance of needs and competence describes person-environment fit models; none is Rowe and Kahn's definition.

Discuss in Forum

150.

Which of the following lifestyle factors is known to affect wellbeing positively in late adulthood ?

A.Mental and physical activity
B.Alcohol consumption
C.Retiring early
D.Drug consumption

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: A

The positive factor is mental and physical activity.

Research on aging consistently finds that staying physically active and mentally engaged, through exercise, learning, hobbies and social activity, is linked to better health, cognitive functioning and well-being in late adulthood.

Alcohol and drug consumption harm health in later life, and retiring early is not reliably linked to better well-being; its effects depend on health, finances and the activities that replace work.

Human Development and Interventions Questions and Answers

Topics

Other Subjects

Tags: Human Development and Interventions Questions and Answers

About Us

Human Development and Interventions Questions and Answers

Topics

Other Subjects

Tags: Human Development and Interventions Questions and Answers

About Us

Stay informed about all important Dates & Notifications