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Science, Technology and National Security Questions and Answers

61.

Who is among the following known as 'Father of India's Missile Programme' ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

A. P. J. Abdul Kalam is known as the Father of India's Missile Programme. He led the Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme at the DRDO, which produced the Agni, Prithvi, Akash, Trishul and Nag missiles, and earlier directed the SLV-III satellite launch vehicle project at ISRO.

Raja Ramanna and Anil Kakodkar are nuclear scientists, and Vikram Sarabhai is the father of the Indian space programme, so none of them is the missile man.

Kalam's role is remembered with the nickname 'Missile Man of India', which was earned for the work on the Agni and Prithvi missiles in the 1980s at the Defence Research and Development Laboratory.

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62.

From the services view-point, which one of the following is not seen as major shortfalls of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) of India ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

National will is the item that is not seen as a major shortfall of DRDO from the services' view. The shortfalls the services point to are the lack of pro-active initiatives and long-term planning, performance shortfalls and cost over-runs in developing military hardware, and a long development period that leaves the weapon technologically obsolete.

National will is a general political quality of the country and is not a fault of the organisation, so it is the one that does not fit among the complaints. The first three options are specific institutional shortcomings, which the key treats as the shortfalls.

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63.

Which one of the following Pakistani groups of hackers defaced the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Website just after India's May 1998 nuclear explosive ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

The key gives Milworm as the Pakistani group of hackers that defaced the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre website after India's nuclear tests in May 1998. The group is also spelled Milw0rm in accounts of the incident.

AIC, Silver Lords and G-Force Pakistan are other hacker groups, and some of them were active in the same period against other websites, but the BARC incident is tied to Milworm in the key. I am following the official key here and have not checked the group names from a primary source.

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64.

In a globalised world, which one of the following areas could be identified as India's limited technological successes ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

The key gives design and manufacturing technology as the area of India's limited technological success in a globalised world. India has done well in information technology, the pharmaceutical industry and agro-technologies, but its record in original design and the making of advanced products and systems is thinner.

This matches the common view that India is strong in services and in some sectors but still relies on imported designs and technology in advanced manufacturing, including defence. The three other options are the sectors of relative success, so they are not the answer.

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65.

Who among the following personalities said that 'Information is a weapon in the modern day and age ? And that is a serious concern for national security'.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

The official key attributes the statement that information is a weapon in the modern age and a serious concern for national security to Shannen Coffin. I searched for the quotation and could not find it with any speaker, so I cannot confirm the attribution and the answer rests on the key.

G. W. Bush and A. P. J. Abdul Kalam were public figures who spoke on security and technology, and Sam Pitroda is known for work in telecommunications, but the key does not name them for this statement. The explanation is limited to following the key.

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66.

Which one of the following is not included in the essentials of 'Revolution in Military Affairs' (RMA) ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

Concentration of force is not included in the essentials of the Revolution in Military Affairs. The RMA stresses the combining of national and military vision, the integration of philosophy, doctrine and organisation, and the joining of technology, strategy and ever-changing tactics.

Concentration of force is a long-standing principle of war and is not a new element that the RMA introduces. The first three options each describe an integration that the RMA is said to require, so the fourth is the one that is not included, as the key says.

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67.

Which one of the following is not identified as the impact of the 'Revolution in Military Affairs' (RMA) for future wars ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

Easy sustenance of the armed forces is not an impact of the RMA for future wars. The impacts usually named are that total strategic and tactical surprise becomes hard to achieve, that nuclear war must be avoided, and that the cost of weapon systems keeps rising.

Advanced systems make sustaining the forces more demanding and costly, not easier, so the fourth option states the reverse of what happens. The first three options list the recognised impacts, which is why the key marks the fourth.

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68.

Choose the appropriate code for the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) as given below :

Assertion (A) : The performance of our existing Research and Development (R & D) base, both in public and private sector, makes us take major decisions about associating the private sector in our defence R & D and production process.
Reason (R) : After all, more than the technology, the mindsets are more difficult to handle.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

The key gives the third option, that both statements are correct and the reason is the necessary condition for the assertion. The assertion says the performance of the existing research and development base makes us take major decisions about bringing in the private sector. The reason adds that mindsets are harder to handle than technology, and the key reads this as the condition on which the decision depends.

The first and second options deny one statement, and the fourth denies both. This question rests on opinion and the link between the two statements is loose, so the answer follows the official key.

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69.

Choose the appropriate code for the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) as given below :

Assertion (A) : Through its Integrated Missile Development Programme, India has exploded the myth of Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR)
Reason (R) : Still, we have to go a long way to harness the full potential, including the private sector and scientific and technical know-how.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

The key gives the second option, with both statements correct and the reason explaining the assertion. Through its Integrated Missile Development Programme, India built its own missiles despite the controls of the Missile Technology Control Regime, so the assertion says it exploded the myth of the regime's control. The reason adds that a long way remains to harness the full potential, and the key treats it as the follow-up that explains the claim.

The first option calls both correct but gives no link, and the third and fourth deny one statement. It is a matter of reading the connection, and the answer follows the key.

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70.

Choose the appropriate code for Assertion (A) and Reason (R) as given below :

Assertion (A) : From the services viewpoint, Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has fallen too much short of their expectations.
Reason (R) : The natural choice for the Indian Armed Services then is to follow the important route of import to ensure their operational readiness.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

The key gives the first option, with both statements correct and the reason explaining the assertion. The assertion says that, from the services' viewpoint, the Defence Research and Development Organisation has fallen short of expectations. The reason says that the natural choice for the services is then to import in order to keep their operational readiness, which is the consequence of that shortfall.

The second option denies both, the third denies the assertion and the fourth denies the reason. The reason follows from the assertion, so the first option is the keyed answer.

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