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Comparative Political Analysis Questions and Answers

91.

Who among the following identifies political development with the "institutionalisation of political organisations and procedures" ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

Samuel Huntington identified political development with the institutionalisation of political organisations and procedures: in Political Order in Changing Societies (1968) he argued that the strength of institutions measured by adaptability, complexity, autonomy and coherence decides political order. Lucian Pye listed several meanings of political development, Organski spoke of stages of political growth, and Almond wrote about functions and capabilities of political systems, so the keyed answer is Huntington, option A.

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92.

Which one of the following approaches/theories was first started as a critique of democracy and socialism ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

Elite theory began as a critique of democracy and socialism: Mosca, Pareto and Michels argued that in every society, whatever its form, a small minority rules, so that government by the people and a classless society are impossible, and Michels's 'iron law of oligarchy' applied this to democratic parties. The structural-functional approach, communications theory and game theory arose from sociology, cybernetics and mathematics, not as a critique of those two systems. The answer is option A.

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93.

Who among the following divided the non-competitive party system into one-party authoritarian, one-party pluralistic and one-party totalitarian ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

La Palombara and Myron Weiner, in Political Parties and Political Development, divided the non-competitive party systems into one-party authoritarian, one-party pluralistic and one-party totalitarian, option B. Alan Ball, Harry Eckstein and James Jupp wrote on party systems and politics, but the three-fold division of non-competitive systems is the work of La Palombara and Weiner, as the key shows.

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94.

In which of the following forms of Government is the second chamber as indispensable part of legislature ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

The second chamber is an indispensable part of the legislature in a federal government, option D, because the upper house represents the units of the federation, such as the states of the Indian Union or the United States Senate, and so protects their interests at the centre. A presidential, parliamentary or unitary system can work with one chamber, as many unitary states and some parliamentary states do, so a second chamber is not essential in those forms.

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95.

Which one of the following books has a chapter on 'Politics in India' ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

The keyed answer is Comparative Politics Today, option D, the textbook edited by Gabriel Almond and others, which carries country chapters, among them one on politics in India. The Civic Culture Revisited deals with political culture, Politics and Government is a general text, and Political Development and Social Change is a reader on development; the key does not assign the chapter on politics in India to any of them. The answer is therefore option D.

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96.

Match List - I with List - II and select the correct answer from the codes given below the lists :

List-I (Form of Government)List-II (Name of the Country)
(a) Parliamentary, Federal, Republican(i) The United Kingdom
(b) Presidential, Federal, Republican(ii) India
(c) Parliamentary, Unitary, Monarchical(iii) France
(d) Parliamentary-cum-Presidential, Unitary, Republican(iv) The United States of America

Code :
(a) (b) (c) (d)

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

India is a parliamentary, federal republic (ii), the United States is presidential, federal and republican (iv), the United Kingdom is parliamentary, unitary and monarchical (i), and France under its Fifth Republic is a semi-presidential, unitary republic, here described as parliamentary-cum-presidential (iii). That gives (ii) (iv) (i) (iii), option D. Option A gives the United Kingdom a federal republic and option C pairs France with the first form, so they are wrong, and option B also fails the first pair.

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97.

In which country all courts including all levels of the State Courts have the power of Judicial review ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

The keyed answer is America: in the United States every court, both federal courts and the courts of the states, can examine the constitutionality of laws and decline to apply a law that conflicts with the Constitution, the power established in Marbury v. Madison, which gives a system of dispersed judicial review. In India the High Courts and the Supreme Court exercise it, but not every court, and in Switzerland the federal courts cannot review federal laws. Hence option C.

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98.

Which one of the following is the most important characteristic of a Parliamentary Government ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

The most important characteristic of parliamentary government is the collective responsibility of the executive to the legislature: the cabinet holds office only as long as it enjoys the confidence of the lower house, and it resigns as a body if it loses that confidence. Majority rule and the rule of law are found in presidential systems too, and direct election of members of the legislature is not peculiar to parliamentary systems. So option D is the keyed answer.

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99.

Which one of the following federal systems was taken as a model by K.C. Wheare for judging other federal systems ?

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

K. C. Wheare, in Federal Government, took the American federal system as his model for judging other systems, treating the United States as the primary example of the federal principle, in which the general and regional governments are each coordinate and independent in their own spheres. The Australian, Swiss and Canadian systems he discussed as departures: he described the Canadian system as quasi-federal. The keyed answer is option B.

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100.

Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Choose the correct answer from the codes.

Assertion (A) : Presidential system is suitable for meeting crises.
Reason (R) : The President has a fixed tenure.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

The keyed answer is that both statements are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). A presidential system is held to suit crises because the executive is concentrated in one person who can act with speed, and the President does have a fixed tenure. The fixed tenure gives stability, but it is not what makes the system suited to crises: that comes from unity of command and decisiveness. So option B holds, and option A, which makes the tenure the explanation, is wrong.

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