Conflict Resolution Questions and Answers

Q: Caste violence is an example of :

Caste violence is an example of Structural Violence.Johan Galtung defined structural violence as harm built into social structures and institutions: inequality and discrimination that deny people their basic needs and opportunities, without a single identifiable person committing it. A caste hierarchy that systematically excludes and oppresses some groups is a standard example.Cultural violence is the set of beliefs used to justify such violence, while physical or personal (direct) violence is an act by an identifiable actor.

Q: Which among the following is advocacy group ?

The advocacy group is Amnesty International.Amnesty International campaigns for human rights by researching abuses and pressing governments through publicity and lobbying, the defining work of an advocacy group.The Red Cross and Doctors without Borders (Medecins Sans Frontieres) are humanitarian organisations that provide relief and medical care, and the WHO is an intergovernmental UN agency.

Q: The ideas about reconciliation that helped South Africans to deal with apartheid's powerful legacies was given by :

The ideas came from Archbishop Desmond Tutu.Desmond Tutu chaired South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission from 1996 and developed its approach of restorative justice, built on the African idea of ubuntu and set out in his book No Future Without Forgiveness (1999), to help the country deal with apartheid's legacy.Nelson Mandela led the transition and appointed the Commission, but the theology of reconciliation behind it is Tutu's. Thomas Becket was a twelfth-century Archbishop of Canterbury.

Q: Which among the following is not a Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO) ?

The one that is not an NGO is the World Health Organisation (WHO).The WHO, founded in 1948, is a specialised agency of the United Nations, an intergovernmental organisation whose members are states.Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch and Greenpeace are non-governmental organisations, independent of governments and funded by private members and donors.

Q: Who expressed the view that "there is another kind of violence in its way as destructive as the bullet or the bomb. This is the violence of institutions" ?

The remark on the violence of institutions is by Robert F. Kennedy.Kennedy spoke of a kind of violence that is as destructive as the bullet or the bomb, the violence of institutions, indifference and inaction, and of slow decay, in his remarks on the causes of violence in 1968.Nehru, Gandhi and Indira Gandhi are not the source of this wording, although Gandhi wrote much about the structural violence of poverty and exploitation.

41.

Caste violence is an example of :

A.Structural Violence
B.Cultural Violence
C.Physical Violence
D.Personal Violence

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: A

Caste violence is an example of Structural Violence.

Johan Galtung defined structural violence as harm built into social structures and institutions: inequality and discrimination that deny people their basic needs and opportunities, without a single identifiable person committing it. A caste hierarchy that systematically excludes and oppresses some groups is a standard example.

Cultural violence is the set of beliefs used to justify such violence, while physical or personal (direct) violence is an act by an identifiable actor.

Discuss in Forum

42.

Which among the following is advocacy group ?

A.Red Cross
B.Doctors without Frontiers
C.World Health Organisation
D.Amnesty International

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: D

The advocacy group is Amnesty International.

Amnesty International campaigns for human rights by researching abuses and pressing governments through publicity and lobbying, the defining work of an advocacy group.

The Red Cross and Doctors without Borders (Medecins Sans Frontieres) are humanitarian organisations that provide relief and medical care, and the WHO is an intergovernmental UN agency.

Discuss in Forum

43.

The ideas about reconciliation that helped South Africans to deal with apartheid's powerful legacies was given by :

A.Archbishop Desmond Tutu
B.Archbishop Thomas Becket
C.Nelson Mandela
D.Mahatma Gandhi

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: A

The ideas came from Archbishop Desmond Tutu.

Desmond Tutu chaired South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission from 1996 and developed its approach of restorative justice, built on the African idea of ubuntu and set out in his book No Future Without Forgiveness (1999), to help the country deal with apartheid's legacy.

Nelson Mandela led the transition and appointed the Commission, but the theology of reconciliation behind it is Tutu's. Thomas Becket was a twelfth-century Archbishop of Canterbury.

Discuss in Forum

44.

Which among the following is not a Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO) ?

A.Amnesty International
B.World Health Organisation (WHO)
C.Human Rights Watch
D.Greenpeace

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: B

The one that is not an NGO is the World Health Organisation (WHO).

The WHO, founded in 1948, is a specialised agency of the United Nations, an intergovernmental organisation whose members are states.

Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch and Greenpeace are non-governmental organisations, independent of governments and funded by private members and donors.

Discuss in Forum

45.

Who expressed the view that "there is another kind of violence in its way as destructive as the bullet or the bomb. This is the violence of institutions" ?

A.Robert F. Kennedy
B.J.L. Nehru
C.M.K. Gandhi
D.Indira Gandhi

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

The remark on the violence of institutions is by Robert F. Kennedy.

Kennedy spoke of a kind of violence that is as destructive as the bullet or the bomb, the violence of institutions, indifference and inaction, and of slow decay, in his remarks on the causes of violence in 1968.

Nehru, Gandhi and Indira Gandhi are not the source of this wording, although Gandhi wrote much about the structural violence of poverty and exploitation.

Discuss in Forum

46.

Who expressed the view that "I see God in the smiles of poor" ?

A.Martin Luther King
B.M.K. Gandhi
C.Amartya Sen
D.Nelson Mandela

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

The key credits the words 'I see God in the smiles of the poor' to M.K. Gandhi.

Gandhi regarded service of the poor as service of God and used the name daridra narayana, God in the form of the poor, and said that he could find God only in the hearts of the dumb millions.

Martin Luther King, Amartya Sen and Nelson Mandela are associated with the fight against racial injustice, with the economics of poverty and capability, and with the struggle against apartheid, and the key does not credit them with this saying.

The same idea underlies his programmes for the upliftment of the poor, such as khadi and village industries.

Discuss in Forum

47.

The person, for whom the term 'one man boundary force' has been used

A.Mahatma Gandhi
B.Gen. Erwin Rommel
C.Gen. K. Sunderji
D.Nelson Mandela

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

The term 'one man boundary force' was used for Mahatma Gandhi. In August 1947, when the Punjab Boundary Force of troops was unable to prevent the violence in the Punjab, Gandhi's presence in Calcutta brought the communal killing to an end, and Lord Mountbatten described him as a one-man boundary force. Rommel, Sunderji and Mandela were military or political leaders, but this description was not used for them. The remark was made because there was no violence in Bengal while the army was at work in the Punjab.

Discuss in Forum

48.

An informal attempt by private individuals or groups to try and resolve an ongoing conflict or Civil War is known as :

A.Track two diplomacy
B.CBMs
C.Track four diplomacy
D.Economic Institution

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

An informal attempt by private individuals or groups to resolve an ongoing conflict or civil war is track two diplomacy, in which non-officials such as academics, former officials and civil society members hold dialogue outside the formal channels of government. Track one is official diplomacy. Confidence building measures are official steps, and track four is not a standard term for this activity. An economic institution is not a form of diplomacy. Examples include the unofficial dialogues and workshops that bring together people from the opposing sides.

Discuss in Forum

49.

Choose the appropriate code of the following Assertion (A) and Reason (R) :

Assertion (A) : Enemy images can create misperception regarding the likelihood of war.
Reason (R) : Leaders exaggerate the likelihood of conflict as they see the other as inherently aggressive.
Codes :

A.(A) is correct but (R) is wrong.
B.(A) is wrong but (R) is correct.
C.Both (A) & (R) are correct but (R) is not the proper explanation of the (A).
D.Both (A) & (R) are correct and (R) is the proper explanation of the (A).

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the proper explanation of (A), the keyed answer. Enemy images can create misperception about the likelihood of war, and the reason is that leaders exaggerate that likelihood when they see the other side as inherently aggressive. So the reason says how the enemy image produces the misperception. The codes that reject one statement or say the reason is not the explanation are not chosen.

Discuss in Forum

50.

Match the signatory nations and concluded accords by choosing correct code :

List - I	List - II
(a) India-Pakistan	(i) Indo-Soviet Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Cooperation
(b) US-USSR	(ii) Camp David Accord
(c) India-USSR	(iii) SALT-I & SALT-II
(d) Egypt-Israel	(iv) Shimla Agreement

A.a-iv, b-iii, c-i, d-ii
B.a-i, b-ii, c-iii, d-iv
C.a-ii, b-iii, c-iv, d-i
D.a-iii, b-iv, c-ii, d-i

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

The correct match is a-iv, b-iii, c-i, d-ii. The Shimla Agreement was signed by India and Pakistan in 1972, SALT-I and SALT-II were concluded between the US and USSR, the Indo-Soviet Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Cooperation was signed in 1971, and the Camp David Accord was between Egypt and Israel in 1978.

The other codes give the Camp David Accord to India and Pakistan or the Shimla Agreement to Egypt and Israel, which is wrong.

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