Development Communication Questions and Answers

Q: What followed MDG announcements in global development scene ?

The Millennium Development Goals were followed by the SDGs.The eight MDGs ran from 2000 to 2015. In 2015 the UN adopted the 2030 Agenda with 17 Sustainable Development Goals as their successor.The Human Development Index dates from 1990, the UNDP is the UN agency that publishes it, and FDI is foreign direct investment; none came after the MDGs as a global development agenda.

Q: Who is credited with developing the capability approach ?

The capability approach was developed by Amartya Sen.Sen argued, from the 1980s, that development should be judged by people's capabilities, their real freedom to be and do what they value, such as being healthy, educated and able to take part in community life, rather than by income alone. Martha Nussbaum later extended the approach.Mahbub ul Haq built on Sen's ideas to create the Human Development Index (1990). Srinivas Melkote is a scholar of development communication, and R.A. Mashelkar a chemical scientist.

Q: Which was the first community radio station licensed to an NGO in rural India ?

The first rural NGO community radio station was Sangham Radio.Sangham Radio, run by the Deccan Development Society with Dalit women farmers at Pastapur in Medak district, began licensed broadcasting on 90.4 FM in October 2008, the first community radio licence given to an NGO in rural India.Anna FM (2004) at Anna University in Chennai was India's first community (campus) radio station, but it was licensed to an educational institution, not an NGO.

Q: Which of the following states was included to receive programmes under SITE experiment launched in 1975 ?

The state is Orissa.The Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE) of 1975-76 used NASA's ATS-6 satellite to beam educational programmes on agriculture, health, family planning and education to about 2,400 villages in six states: Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa and Rajasthan.Kerala, West Bengal and Himachal Pradesh were not among the six SITE states, which were chosen as relatively underdeveloped regions.

Q: "Development as Freedom" is written by :

Development as Freedom was written by Amartya Sen.Published in 1999, a year after Sen received the Nobel Prize in economics, the book argues that development should be judged by the expansion of people's real freedoms and capabilities, such as health, education, political liberty and economic opportunity, rather than by income growth alone.Amit Bhaduri is an economist who wrote on development and growth, Muhammad Yunus founded the Grameen Bank and pioneered microcredit, and Jagdish Bhagwati is a trade economist known for defending free trade. None of them wrote this book.

Q: What name Everett Rogers gave for 'people who adopted innovation almost towards the end' ?

Rogers called them laggards.In Diffusion of Innovations (1962), Everett Rogers divided adopters into five categories by when they adopt an innovation: innovators (about 2.5%), early adopters (13.5%), early majority (34%), late majority (34%) and laggards (16%). Laggards are the last to adopt, often tied to tradition and suspicious of change.Innovators are the very first adopters, the opposite end. 'Adopters' is the general name for all five categories, and 'conservatives' is not one of Rogers's category names, though laggards are often described as conservative.

Q: Which of the following is the first experiment in using satellite technology for social development through television ?

The first such experiment was SITE.The Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (1975-76), run by ISRO with NASA's ATS-6 satellite, broadcast educational programmes on agriculture, health, hygiene and family planning to community television sets in about 2,400 villages in six states. It was the first large-scale use of satellite television for social development anywhere in the world.The Kheda Communications Project (KCP) in Gujarat was a later, local project that grew out of SITE, and DECU, ISRO's Development and Educational Communication Unit, was the unit that made such programmes. Neither was the first satellite experiment, and 'JDCP' is not an established name for one.

Q: Which theorist among the following suggested and considered the 'empathy' as a major component to be in one's personality in the process of development communication ?

The theorist is Daniel Lerner (spelt 'Danial' in the paper).In The Passing of Traditional Society (1958), Lerner argued that modernisation requires a 'mobile personality', and that its core is empathy: the capacity to imagine oneself in another's situation. He held that the mass media spread this empathy and so drive development.Wilbur Schramm wrote Mass Media and National Development on the media's role, E.M. Rogers is the theorist of diffusion of innovations, and John Lent is known for his work on Asian mass communication. Empathy as a personality trait is Lerner's idea.

Q: Which of the following biases impacted Post World War II development projects ?

The biases were pro-literacy, pro-innovation and pro-mass media.The dominant paradigm of the late 1940s to the 1970s, which Everett Rogers later criticised, treated development as modernisation. Literacy and media exposure were taken as indices of it (Daniel Lerner), mass media were seen as a 'magic multiplier' (Wilbur Schramm), and the diffusion model Rogers himself developed carried what he later called a pro-innovation bias. Option D names that trio. The key rests on this standard summary rather than on one fixed list in a single source.Option B describes the alternative, participatory paradigm that replaced it, not the biases of the older one. Option A has 'pro-rich' and 'pro-capitalist', which are loose labels, not the usual summary of the paradigm, and option C pairs 'pro-poor', the opposite of the critique, with 'pro-development'.

Q: Which Brazilean educator wrote a book 'Pedagogy of the Oppressed' ?

The educator is Paulo Freire (spelt 'Paolo' in the paper).Freire wrote Pedagogy of the Oppressed (1968), which attacks the 'banking' model of education, in which teachers deposit knowledge into passive learners, and proposes dialogue and critical consciousness (conscientizacao). It became a foundation of participatory development communication.Jose de Anchieta was a sixteenth-century Jesuit missionary in Brazil, and Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis was a Brazilian novelist. Jairton Dupont is not the author of this book.

21.

What followed MDG announcements in global development scene ?

A.HDI
B.UNDP
C.SDG
D.FDI

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: C

The Millennium Development Goals were followed by the SDGs.

The eight MDGs ran from 2000 to 2015. In 2015 the UN adopted the 2030 Agenda with 17 Sustainable Development Goals as their successor.

The Human Development Index dates from 1990, the UNDP is the UN agency that publishes it, and FDI is foreign direct investment; none came after the MDGs as a global development agenda.

Discuss in Forum

22.

Who is credited with developing the capability approach ?

A.Amartya Sen
B.Mahbub-ul-Haq
C.Srinivas Melkote
D.R.A. Mashelkar

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: A

The capability approach was developed by Amartya Sen.

Sen argued, from the 1980s, that development should be judged by people's capabilities, their real freedom to be and do what they value, such as being healthy, educated and able to take part in community life, rather than by income alone. Martha Nussbaum later extended the approach.

Mahbub ul Haq built on Sen's ideas to create the Human Development Index (1990). Srinivas Melkote is a scholar of development communication, and R.A. Mashelkar a chemical scientist.

Discuss in Forum

23.

Which was the first community radio station licensed to an NGO in rural India ?

A.Anna FM 90.4
B.Sangham Radio 90.4 FM
C.Waqt Ki Awaaz 91.2 FM
D.Rudi no Radio 90.4 FM

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: B

The first rural NGO community radio station was Sangham Radio.

Sangham Radio, run by the Deccan Development Society with Dalit women farmers at Pastapur in Medak district, began licensed broadcasting on 90.4 FM in October 2008, the first community radio licence given to an NGO in rural India.

Anna FM (2004) at Anna University in Chennai was India's first community (campus) radio station, but it was licensed to an educational institution, not an NGO.

Discuss in Forum

24.

Which of the following states was included to receive programmes under SITE experiment launched in 1975 ?

A.Orissa
B.Kerala
C.West Bengal
D.Himachal Pradesh

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: A

The state is Orissa.

The Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE) of 1975-76 used NASA's ATS-6 satellite to beam educational programmes on agriculture, health, family planning and education to about 2,400 villages in six states: Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa and Rajasthan.

Kerala, West Bengal and Himachal Pradesh were not among the six SITE states, which were chosen as relatively underdeveloped regions.

Discuss in Forum

25.

"Development as Freedom" is written by :

A.Amit Bhaduri
B.Amartya Sen
C.Muhammad Yunus
D.Jagdish Bhagwati

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: B

Development as Freedom was written by Amartya Sen.

Published in 1999, a year after Sen received the Nobel Prize in economics, the book argues that development should be judged by the expansion of people's real freedoms and capabilities, such as health, education, political liberty and economic opportunity, rather than by income growth alone.

Amit Bhaduri is an economist who wrote on development and growth, Muhammad Yunus founded the Grameen Bank and pioneered microcredit, and Jagdish Bhagwati is a trade economist known for defending free trade. None of them wrote this book.

Discuss in Forum

26.

What name Everett Rogers gave for 'people who adopted innovation almost towards the end' ?

A.Adopters
B.Innovators
C.Conservatives
D.Laggards

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: D

Rogers called them laggards.

In Diffusion of Innovations (1962), Everett Rogers divided adopters into five categories by when they adopt an innovation: innovators (about 2.5%), early adopters (13.5%), early majority (34%), late majority (34%) and laggards (16%). Laggards are the last to adopt, often tied to tradition and suspicious of change.

Innovators are the very first adopters, the opposite end. 'Adopters' is the general name for all five categories, and 'conservatives' is not one of Rogers's category names, though laggards are often described as conservative.

Discuss in Forum

27.

Which of the following is the first experiment in using satellite technology for social development through television ?

A.JDCP
B.SITE
C.KCP
D.DECU

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: B

The first such experiment was SITE.

The Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (1975-76), run by ISRO with NASA's ATS-6 satellite, broadcast educational programmes on agriculture, health, hygiene and family planning to community television sets in about 2,400 villages in six states. It was the first large-scale use of satellite television for social development anywhere in the world.

The Kheda Communications Project (KCP) in Gujarat was a later, local project that grew out of SITE, and DECU, ISRO's Development and Educational Communication Unit, was the unit that made such programmes. Neither was the first satellite experiment, and 'JDCP' is not an established name for one.

Discuss in Forum

28.

Which theorist among the following suggested and considered the 'empathy' as a major component to be in one's personality in the process of development communication ?

A.Wilbur Schramm
B.John Lent
C.E.M. Rogers
D.Danial Lerner

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: D

The theorist is Daniel Lerner (spelt 'Danial' in the paper).

In The Passing of Traditional Society (1958), Lerner argued that modernisation requires a 'mobile personality', and that its core is empathy: the capacity to imagine oneself in another's situation. He held that the mass media spread this empathy and so drive development.

Wilbur Schramm wrote Mass Media and National Development on the media's role, E.M. Rogers is the theorist of diffusion of innovations, and John Lent is known for his work on Asian mass communication. Empathy as a personality trait is Lerner's idea.

Discuss in Forum

29.

Which of the following biases impacted Post World War II development projects ?

A.Pro-rich, Pro-capitalist, Pro-persuasion
B.Pro-poor, Pro-freedom, Pro-participation
C.Pro-development, Pro-mass media, Pro-poor
D.Pro-literacy, Pro-innovation, Pro-mass media

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: D

The biases were pro-literacy, pro-innovation and pro-mass media.

The dominant paradigm of the late 1940s to the 1970s, which Everett Rogers later criticised, treated development as modernisation. Literacy and media exposure were taken as indices of it (Daniel Lerner), mass media were seen as a 'magic multiplier' (Wilbur Schramm), and the diffusion model Rogers himself developed carried what he later called a pro-innovation bias. Option D names that trio. The key rests on this standard summary rather than on one fixed list in a single source.

Option B describes the alternative, participatory paradigm that replaced it, not the biases of the older one. Option A has 'pro-rich' and 'pro-capitalist', which are loose labels, not the usual summary of the paradigm, and option C pairs 'pro-poor', the opposite of the critique, with 'pro-development'.

Discuss in Forum

30.

Which Brazilean educator wrote a book 'Pedagogy of the Oppressed' ?

A.Father Jose de Anchieta
B.Paolo Freire
C.Jairton Dupont
D.Joaquim Maria Machado

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: B

The educator is Paulo Freire (spelt 'Paolo' in the paper).

Freire wrote Pedagogy of the Oppressed (1968), which attacks the 'banking' model of education, in which teachers deposit knowledge into passive learners, and proposes dialogue and critical consciousness (conscientizacao). It became a foundation of participatory development communication.

Jose de Anchieta was a sixteenth-century Jesuit missionary in Brazil, and Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis was a Brazilian novelist. Jairton Dupont is not the author of this book.

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