Global Security Concerns Questions and Answers

Q: "One for all, all for one" is a concept related to :

The concept is Collective Security.Under collective security, every member of a system treats aggression against any one member as aggression against all, and all join in resisting it, 'one for all, all for one'. The League of Nations Covenant and Chapter VII of the UN Charter are built on this idea.A military alliance is directed against a particular outside threat rather than any aggressor within the system. Deterrence prevents attack by threat of retaliation, and detente means the easing of tension between rivals, as between the US and USSR in the 1970s.

Q: Which of the following statements explains the concept of collective security ?

Collective security is the principle of one for all and all for one.In a collective security system, every member undertakes to treat an attack on any member as an attack on all and to act together against the aggressor, whoever it is. The commitment of each to all, and of all to each, is what 'one for all and all for one' expresses.'All against all' describes the Hobbesian state of nature, and 'few against all' or 'no one against all' describe no recognised principle of international security.

Q: Samuel Huntington's Clash of Civilizations" argued that the principal patterns of conflict and co-operation in the world were shaped by :

Huntington argued that the patterns were shaped by culture.In 'The Clash of Civilizations?' (1993) and the book that followed (1996), Samuel Huntington argued that after the Cold War the main source of conflict and co-operation would be neither ideology nor economics but culture: people would identify with broad civilisations, such as Western, Islamic, Sinic, Hindu and Orthodox, defined by religion, language and history. The fault lines between civilisations would be the battle lines of the future.He explicitly downplayed nation states, political leadership and nationalism as the primary drivers, so those options miss his thesis.

Q: Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted on ..........

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted on 10 December 1948.The UN General Assembly adopted it in Paris by resolution 217 A, and 10 December is observed every year as Human Rights Day.The other dates belong to other events: 24 October 1945 is the day the UN Charter came into force, now United Nations Day; 25 June 1975 is the proclamation of the Emergency in India; and 20 October 1962 is the start of the Chinese offensive in the Sino-Indian war.

Q: In the 21st Century security discourse which one of the following is not considered as existential threats ?

The answer is Riots.An existential threat is one that endangers the survival of a state, a society or humanity itself. In twenty-first-century security writing, climate change, international terrorism (especially with weapons of mass destruction) and nuclear weapons are all discussed in these terms, because their effects can be global and catastrophic.Riots are serious breaches of public order, but they are local and temporary and are handled by the police as a law-and-order problem. They do not threaten a state's survival, so they are not treated as an existential threat.

Q: (1) The initial US-led invasions of Afghanistan in 2001 and Iraq in 2003 are not examples of humanitarian interventions.(2) Humanitarian outcomes were predicted as byproducts of these operations by US Policy makers.

The key's answer is that (1) and (2) are correct and (2) explains the rationale for (1).A humanitarian intervention is one whose primary purpose is to protect people of another state from mass atrocities. The US-led invasions of Afghanistan (2001) and Iraq (2003) were launched for other reasons: self-defence after the September 11 attacks, and the alleged threat of Iraqi weapons of mass destruction. So statement (1) is correct.Statement (2) is also correct: US policy makers did predict humanitarian benefits, such as freeing Afghans from the Taliban and Iraqis from Saddam Hussein, but only as by-products. That is precisely why the operations are not counted as humanitarian interventions, since humanitarian protection was not their aim, so (2) explains (1). The options calling either statement wrong fail on these facts.

Q: How many goals were there in Millenium Development Goals ?

There were 8 Millennium Development Goals.Adopted after the UN Millennium Summit of September 2000, with a target date of 2015, the eight goals were: eradicate extreme poverty and hunger; achieve universal primary education; promote gender equality; reduce child mortality; improve maternal health; combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases; ensure environmental sustainability; and develop a global partnership for development.The 15, 14 and 12 options have no basis. The usual confusion is with their successors, the Sustainable Development Goals adopted in 2015, which number 17.

Q: Which among the following is not considered as non-traditional security threat ?

The answer is Foreign Trade.Non-traditional security threats are non-military dangers that cross borders and threaten people and states: drug trafficking, illegal migration, refugee crises, terrorism, pandemics, environmental degradation and organised crime are typical examples in the literature.Foreign trade is ordinary economic exchange between countries. It can create dependencies, but it is a normal and beneficial activity, not a security threat in itself, which is why it is the odd one out among the four.

Q: Which one of the following parallel lines divides the two Koreas (North and South Korea) ?

The two Koreas are divided by the 38th Parallel.In August 1945 the United States and the Soviet Union agreed to split Korea along the 38th parallel north for accepting the Japanese surrender, the Soviets to the north and the Americans to the south. Two separate states emerged in 1948, and the Korean War began in 1950 when the North crossed the line.Strictly, the present boundary is the Military Demarcation Line of the 1953 armistice, which runs diagonally across the 38th parallel inside a demilitarised zone, but it is still universally referred to by that parallel. The 28th, 34th and 36th parallels have no role in the division.

Q: Which was the main cause of the break up of USSR (Soviet Union) ?

The key's answer is Economy.By the 1980s the Soviet command economy was stagnating: growth had stalled, consumer goods were scarce, and heavy defence spending in the arms race with the United States absorbed resources. Falling oil prices cut export earnings, and Gorbachev's reforms (perestroika) loosened central control without creating a working market, deepening the crisis that led to the collapse of 1991.Nationalist movements in the republics did hasten the end, but most accounts treat economic failure as the main underlying cause. There was no general insurgency or militancy across the Soviet Union, so those options are weaker, and cultural differences alone had existed for decades without breaking the state.

51.

"One for all, all for one" is a concept related to :

A.Military Alliance
B.Collective Security
C.Deterrence
D.Detente

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2021, SET Exam - 2021,

Answer: B

The concept is Collective Security.

Under collective security, every member of a system treats aggression against any one member as aggression against all, and all join in resisting it, 'one for all, all for one'. The League of Nations Covenant and Chapter VII of the UN Charter are built on this idea.

A military alliance is directed against a particular outside threat rather than any aggressor within the system. Deterrence prevents attack by threat of retaliation, and detente means the easing of tension between rivals, as between the US and USSR in the 1970s.

Discuss in Forum

52.

Which of the following statements explains the concept of collective security ?

A.Principle of one for all and all for one
B.Principle of all against all
C.Principle of few against all
D.Principle of no one against all

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2021, SET Exam - 2021,

Answer: A

Collective security is the principle of one for all and all for one.

In a collective security system, every member undertakes to treat an attack on any member as an attack on all and to act together against the aggressor, whoever it is. The commitment of each to all, and of all to each, is what 'one for all and all for one' expresses.

'All against all' describes the Hobbesian state of nature, and 'few against all' or 'no one against all' describe no recognised principle of international security.

Discuss in Forum

53.

Samuel Huntington's Clash of Civilizations" argued that the principal patterns of conflict and co-operation in the world were shaped by :

A.Nation States
B.Political Leadership
C.Nationalism
D.Culture

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2021, SET Exam - 2021,

Answer: D

Huntington argued that the patterns were shaped by culture.

In 'The Clash of Civilizations?' (1993) and the book that followed (1996), Samuel Huntington argued that after the Cold War the main source of conflict and co-operation would be neither ideology nor economics but culture: people would identify with broad civilisations, such as Western, Islamic, Sinic, Hindu and Orthodox, defined by religion, language and history. The fault lines between civilisations would be the battle lines of the future.

He explicitly downplayed nation states, political leadership and nationalism as the primary drivers, so those options miss his thesis.

Discuss in Forum

54.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted on ..........

A.24 October 1945
B.10 December 1948
C.25 June 1975
D.20 October 1962

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: B

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted on 10 December 1948.

The UN General Assembly adopted it in Paris by resolution 217 A, and 10 December is observed every year as Human Rights Day.

The other dates belong to other events: 24 October 1945 is the day the UN Charter came into force, now United Nations Day; 25 June 1975 is the proclamation of the Emergency in India; and 20 October 1962 is the start of the Chinese offensive in the Sino-Indian war.

Discuss in Forum

55.

In the 21st Century security discourse which one of the following is not considered as existential threats ?

A.Riots
B.Climate change
C.International Terrorism
D.Nuclear Weapons

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012, MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: A

The answer is Riots.

An existential threat is one that endangers the survival of a state, a society or humanity itself. In twenty-first-century security writing, climate change, international terrorism (especially with weapons of mass destruction) and nuclear weapons are all discussed in these terms, because their effects can be global and catastrophic.

Riots are serious breaches of public order, but they are local and temporary and are handled by the police as a law-and-order problem. They do not threaten a state's survival, so they are not treated as an existential threat.

Discuss in Forum

56.

(1) The initial US-led invasions of Afghanistan in 2001 and Iraq in 2003 are not examples of humanitarian interventions.
(2) Humanitarian outcomes were predicted as byproducts of these operations by US Policy makers.

A.(1) and (2) are correct and (2) explains the rationale for (1)
B.(1) is right and (2) is wrong and (1) explains the rationale for (2)
C.(1) is wrong and (2) is right
D.(1) and (2) are wrong

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: A

The key's answer is that (1) and (2) are correct and (2) explains the rationale for (1).

A humanitarian intervention is one whose primary purpose is to protect people of another state from mass atrocities. The US-led invasions of Afghanistan (2001) and Iraq (2003) were launched for other reasons: self-defence after the September 11 attacks, and the alleged threat of Iraqi weapons of mass destruction. So statement (1) is correct.

Statement (2) is also correct: US policy makers did predict humanitarian benefits, such as freeing Afghans from the Taliban and Iraqis from Saddam Hussein, but only as by-products. That is precisely why the operations are not counted as humanitarian interventions, since humanitarian protection was not their aim, so (2) explains (1). The options calling either statement wrong fail on these facts.

Discuss in Forum

57.

How many goals were there in Millenium Development Goals ?

A.15
B.14
C.12
D.08

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: D

There were 8 Millennium Development Goals.

Adopted after the UN Millennium Summit of September 2000, with a target date of 2015, the eight goals were: eradicate extreme poverty and hunger; achieve universal primary education; promote gender equality; reduce child mortality; improve maternal health; combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases; ensure environmental sustainability; and develop a global partnership for development.

The 15, 14 and 12 options have no basis. The usual confusion is with their successors, the Sustainable Development Goals adopted in 2015, which number 17.

Discuss in Forum

58.

Which among the following is not considered as non-traditional security threat ?

A.Drug trafficking
B.Foreign Trade
C.Illegal Migration
D.Refugee Crises

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: B

The answer is Foreign Trade.

Non-traditional security threats are non-military dangers that cross borders and threaten people and states: drug trafficking, illegal migration, refugee crises, terrorism, pandemics, environmental degradation and organised crime are typical examples in the literature.

Foreign trade is ordinary economic exchange between countries. It can create dependencies, but it is a normal and beneficial activity, not a security threat in itself, which is why it is the odd one out among the four.

Discuss in Forum

59.

Which one of the following parallel lines divides the two Koreas (North and South Korea) ?

A.36th Parallel
B.28th Parallel
C.34th Parallel
D.38th Parallel

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: D

The two Koreas are divided by the 38th Parallel.

In August 1945 the United States and the Soviet Union agreed to split Korea along the 38th parallel north for accepting the Japanese surrender, the Soviets to the north and the Americans to the south. Two separate states emerged in 1948, and the Korean War began in 1950 when the North crossed the line.

Strictly, the present boundary is the Military Demarcation Line of the 1953 armistice, which runs diagonally across the 38th parallel inside a demilitarised zone, but it is still universally referred to by that parallel. The 28th, 34th and 36th parallels have no role in the division.

Discuss in Forum

60.

Which was the main cause of the break up of USSR (Soviet Union) ?

A.Economy
B.Insurgency in the Soviet Union
C.Socio-Cultural Differences
D.Militancy

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: A

The key's answer is Economy.

By the 1980s the Soviet command economy was stagnating: growth had stalled, consumer goods were scarce, and heavy defence spending in the arms race with the United States absorbed resources. Falling oil prices cut export earnings, and Gorbachev's reforms (perestroika) loosened central control without creating a working market, deepening the crisis that led to the collapse of 1991.

Nationalist movements in the republics did hasten the end, but most accounts treat economic failure as the main underlying cause. There was no general insurgency or militancy across the Soviet Union, so those options are weaker, and cultural differences alone had existed for decades without breaking the state.

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