Science, Technology and National Security Questions and Answers

Q: Which of the following is not the type of cyber security attacks ?

The one that is not a type of cyber attack is SQL rejection.The real attack is SQL injection, in which malicious database commands are inserted into a website's input fields so that the database reveals or changes data. 'SQL rejection' is not a recognised term; the option is a distortion of the real name.The other three are standard attacks. In a man-in-the-middle attack the attacker secretly relays and may alter communication between two parties. A denial-of-service attack floods a system with traffic until it cannot serve real users. Cross-site scripting injects malicious scripts into web pages viewed by other users.

Q: Scientific method use of computer to store, retrieve and transmit information is called :

It is called information technology.Information technology is the use of computers, together with networks and other equipment, to store, retrieve, transmit and process information. The stem lists exactly those three functions, which together make up the usual textbook definition of IT.Data storage covers only one of the three functions. Communication technology covers the transmitting part without the storing and retrieving. 'Machine data' is information generated automatically by machines, such as logs, and is not the name of a field. Only information technology covers all three.

Q: Method used to transfer information to far of places instantly is called :

It is called telecommunication.The word combines the Greek tele, 'far off', with communication: it means transmitting information over a distance almost instantly by electrical, radio or optical signals. Telegraph, telephone, radio, television, satellite links and the internet are all forms of telecommunication.Radio communication is only one kind of telecommunication, so it is too narrow. 'Electromagnetic communication' and 'scientific communication' are not the standard names for the field; scientific communication usually means the communication of science to the public.

Q: In the conflicts in Kuwait (1991), Serbia (1999) and Iraq (2003), which country's military technology proved superior in the battlefield :

The superior technology was American technology.In the Gulf War over Kuwait in 1991, the NATO air campaign against Serbia over Kosovo in 1999 and the invasion of Iraq in 2003, US forces led coalitions using precision-guided munitions, stealth aircraft, cruise missiles, satellite navigation and advanced surveillance. The speed and low cost of these victories against armies largely equipped with Soviet or Russian weapons is the standard evidence for the 'revolution in military affairs'.France took part in 1991 and 1999 in a junior role, Germany only in 1999, and Russian technology was on the losing side in Iraq and Serbia.

Q: The concept of revolution in Military Affairs became popular after :

The concept became popular after the 1991 Gulf War.The idea of a revolution in military affairs (RMA) grew out of Soviet writing on a 'military-technical revolution' in the late 1970s and was developed in the US Pentagon's Office of Net Assessment. It entered wide use after Operation Desert Storm in 1991, where precision-guided weapons, stealth aircraft and real-time information let a US-led coalition defeat a large Iraqi army in weeks with very few losses.The Vietnam War, the Soviet war in Afghanistan from 1979 and the 1971 Indo-Pak war were all fought largely with conventional means and did not give rise to the term.

Q: Military technology with enormous destructive capacity is becoming available to which states ?

The key's answer is all states.The point being tested is the diffusion of military technology. Destructive capability once confined to a few great powers, such as ballistic missiles, chemical and biological agents, nuclear materials and long-range precision weapons, has spread through the arms trade, the spread of dual-use civilian technology and proliferation networks, so that it is now within reach of states of every kind, not only of one class of state.'Strong states' and 'super power states' describe the old position, when only the leading powers could build such weapons. 'Weak states' names only part of the spread. 'All states' is the option that captures the general trend.

Q: C-130J is :

The C-130J Super Hercules is a four-engine turboprop military transport aircraft.Built by Lockheed Martin, it is the latest version of the C-130 Hercules family that first flew in the 1950s. It carries troops, vehicles and cargo and can operate from short, rough airstrips. The Indian Air Force inducted it from 2011 and used it notably to land at the high-altitude Daulat Beg Oldi airstrip in Ladakh in 2013.It is propeller-driven, so it is not a jet fighter. It is not a maritime reconnaissance plane (India's is the P-8I) and certainly not an aircraft carrier, which is a ship.

Q: What is the name of the single-engine fighter aircraft indigenously developed and manufactured by India to replace the old MIG-21 fighter aircraft ?

The aircraft is the Tejas.The Tejas Light Combat Aircraft was designed by the Aeronautical Development Agency and is built by Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd. It is a single-engine, delta-wing multirole fighter, developed to replace the ageing MiG-21 fleet of the Indian Air Force, and it entered squadron service in 2016.Agni and Prithvi are both ballistic missiles developed under DRDO's Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme, not aircraft. With Tejas listed, 'None of the above' is wrong.

Q: Write the Indian name of MBT T-90 Tank :

The T-90 is called Bhishma in Indian service.India bought the Russian T-90S main battle tank from 2001 and later built it under licence at the Heavy Vehicles Factory, Avadi. In Indian Army service it was named Bhishma.Arjuna (Arjun) is a different tank, India's own main battle tank designed by DRDO's Combat Vehicles Research and Development Establishment. Yudhishthira and Nakula, like Bhishma and Arjuna, are figures from the Mahabharata, but they are not names of Indian tanks.

Q: Who coined the term "Cyber Space" ?

The term was coined by William Gibson.Gibson, an American-Canadian science-fiction writer, used 'cyberspace' in his short story Burning Chrome (1982) and made it famous in his novel Neuromancer (1984), where it describes a 'consensual hallucination' of linked computer networks.Bill Gates (printed 'Lind Billgates') co-founded Microsoft, and Sam Pitroda led India's telecommunications revolution in the 1980s; neither coined the term. The fourth name is not linked with it.

21.

Which of the following is not the type of cyber security attacks ?

A.Man-in-the middle
B.Denial of service
C.Cross-site scripting
D.SQL rejection

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: D

The one that is not a type of cyber attack is SQL rejection.

The real attack is SQL injection, in which malicious database commands are inserted into a website's input fields so that the database reveals or changes data. 'SQL rejection' is not a recognised term; the option is a distortion of the real name.

The other three are standard attacks. In a man-in-the-middle attack the attacker secretly relays and may alter communication between two parties. A denial-of-service attack floods a system with traffic until it cannot serve real users. Cross-site scripting injects malicious scripts into web pages viewed by other users.

Discuss in Forum

22.

Scientific method use of computer to store, retrieve and transmit information is called :

A.Data storage
B.Machine data
C.Information technology
D.Communication technology

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: C

It is called information technology.

Information technology is the use of computers, together with networks and other equipment, to store, retrieve, transmit and process information. The stem lists exactly those three functions, which together make up the usual textbook definition of IT.

Data storage covers only one of the three functions. Communication technology covers the transmitting part without the storing and retrieving. 'Machine data' is information generated automatically by machines, such as logs, and is not the name of a field. Only information technology covers all three.

Discuss in Forum

23.

Method used to transfer information to far of places instantly is called :

A.Electromagnetic communication
B.Telecommunication
C.Radio communication
D.Scientific communication

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: B

It is called telecommunication.

The word combines the Greek tele, 'far off', with communication: it means transmitting information over a distance almost instantly by electrical, radio or optical signals. Telegraph, telephone, radio, television, satellite links and the internet are all forms of telecommunication.

Radio communication is only one kind of telecommunication, so it is too narrow. 'Electromagnetic communication' and 'scientific communication' are not the standard names for the field; scientific communication usually means the communication of science to the public.

Discuss in Forum

24.

In the conflicts in Kuwait (1991), Serbia (1999) and Iraq (2003), which country's military technology proved superior in the battlefield :

A.American technology
B.Russian technology
C.French technology
D.German technology

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: A

The superior technology was American technology.

In the Gulf War over Kuwait in 1991, the NATO air campaign against Serbia over Kosovo in 1999 and the invasion of Iraq in 2003, US forces led coalitions using precision-guided munitions, stealth aircraft, cruise missiles, satellite navigation and advanced surveillance. The speed and low cost of these victories against armies largely equipped with Soviet or Russian weapons is the standard evidence for the 'revolution in military affairs'.

France took part in 1991 and 1999 in a junior role, Germany only in 1999, and Russian technology was on the losing side in Iraq and Serbia.

Discuss in Forum

25.

The concept of revolution in Military Affairs became popular after :

A.1991 Gulf War
B.1969 Vietnam War
C.1979 Afghanistan War
D.1971 Indo-Pak War

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: A

The concept became popular after the 1991 Gulf War.

The idea of a revolution in military affairs (RMA) grew out of Soviet writing on a 'military-technical revolution' in the late 1970s and was developed in the US Pentagon's Office of Net Assessment. It entered wide use after Operation Desert Storm in 1991, where precision-guided weapons, stealth aircraft and real-time information let a US-led coalition defeat a large Iraqi army in weeks with very few losses.

The Vietnam War, the Soviet war in Afghanistan from 1979 and the 1971 Indo-Pak war were all fought largely with conventional means and did not give rise to the term.

Discuss in Forum

26.

Military technology with enormous destructive capacity is becoming available to which states ?

A.Strong states
B.Weak states
C.Super power states
D.All states

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: D

The key's answer is all states.

The point being tested is the diffusion of military technology. Destructive capability once confined to a few great powers, such as ballistic missiles, chemical and biological agents, nuclear materials and long-range precision weapons, has spread through the arms trade, the spread of dual-use civilian technology and proliferation networks, so that it is now within reach of states of every kind, not only of one class of state.

'Strong states' and 'super power states' describe the old position, when only the leading powers could build such weapons. 'Weak states' names only part of the spread. 'All states' is the option that captures the general trend.

Discuss in Forum

27.

C-130J is :

A.Super Hercules is a four-engine turboprop military transport aircraft
B.Jet fighter
C.Maritime Recci plane
D.Aircraft carrier

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: A

The C-130J Super Hercules is a four-engine turboprop military transport aircraft.

Built by Lockheed Martin, it is the latest version of the C-130 Hercules family that first flew in the 1950s. It carries troops, vehicles and cargo and can operate from short, rough airstrips. The Indian Air Force inducted it from 2011 and used it notably to land at the high-altitude Daulat Beg Oldi airstrip in Ladakh in 2013.

It is propeller-driven, so it is not a jet fighter. It is not a maritime reconnaissance plane (India's is the P-8I) and certainly not an aircraft carrier, which is a ship.

Discuss in Forum

28.

What is the name of the single-engine fighter aircraft indigenously developed and manufactured by India to replace the old MIG-21 fighter aircraft ?

A.Agni
B.Tejas
C.Prithvi
D.None of the above

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: B

The aircraft is the Tejas.

The Tejas Light Combat Aircraft was designed by the Aeronautical Development Agency and is built by Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd. It is a single-engine, delta-wing multirole fighter, developed to replace the ageing MiG-21 fleet of the Indian Air Force, and it entered squadron service in 2016.

Agni and Prithvi are both ballistic missiles developed under DRDO's Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme, not aircraft. With Tejas listed, 'None of the above' is wrong.

Discuss in Forum

29.

Write the Indian name of MBT T-90 Tank :

A.Bhishma
B.Arjuna
C.Yudhishthira
D.Nakula

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: A

The T-90 is called Bhishma in Indian service.

India bought the Russian T-90S main battle tank from 2001 and later built it under licence at the Heavy Vehicles Factory, Avadi. In Indian Army service it was named Bhishma.

Arjuna (Arjun) is a different tank, India's own main battle tank designed by DRDO's Combat Vehicles Research and Development Establishment. Yudhishthira and Nakula, like Bhishma and Arjuna, are figures from the Mahabharata, but they are not names of Indian tanks.

Discuss in Forum

30.

Who coined the term "Cyber Space" ?

A.Lind Billgates
B.Sam Pitroda
C.William Gibson
D.E. D. Sariton

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: C

The term was coined by William Gibson.

Gibson, an American-Canadian science-fiction writer, used 'cyberspace' in his short story Burning Chrome (1982) and made it famous in his novel Neuromancer (1984), where it describes a 'consensual hallucination' of linked computer networks.

Bill Gates (printed 'Lind Billgates') co-founded Microsoft, and Sam Pitroda led India's telecommunications revolution in the 1980s; neither coined the term. The fourth name is not linked with it.

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