Match the strategic thinkers with their respective area of war doctrines on the basis of the following List I and List II :List IList II(a) Clausewitz(i) Air Power(b) Douhet(ii) Mechanised Warfare(c) Marx(iii) War as an instrument of Policy(d) Fuller(iv) Social Revolution

The correct matching is a-iii, b-i, c-iv, d-ii.Clausewitz: war as an instrument of policy, the continuation of politics by other means.Giulio Douhet: air power, in The Command of the Air (1921).Karl Marx: war tied to class struggle and social revolution.J.F.C. Fuller: mechanised warfare, the British prophet of the tank.Options A and C give Clausewitz air power, which belongs to Douhet, and option B gives him social revolution, which is Marx's theme, so only D is consistent.

Strategic Thought Questions and Answers

Q: Who said, "Spies are the most important element in war because on them depends an army's ability to move ?"

The words are Sun Tzu's.The closing chapter of The Art of War, on the use of spies, ends with the observation that spies are a most important element in war, because on them depends an army's ability to move. The chapter divides spies into five kinds (local, inward, converted, doomed and surviving) and argues that foreknowledge must be obtained from men, not from spirits or calculation.Kautilya also valued espionage in the Arthashastra, but the quoted sentence is not his; Jomini and Fuller wrote on strategy and mechanised war, not this line.

Q: J.F.C. Fuller was called by his nick name of ...........

J.F.C. Fuller was nicknamed Boney.Major-General John Frederick Charles Fuller, the British theorist of armoured warfare and chief of staff of the Tank Corps in the First World War, was known as "Boney". The name is usually explained by his admiration for Napoleon Bonaparte, his slight build and his assertive manner, which reminded fellow officers of the emperor.Coney, Loney and Toney are rhyming distractors and are not recorded as his nicknames.

Q: 'A captain who taught the Generals' is associated with whom ?

The phrase belongs to Liddell Hart.Captain B.H. Liddell Hart retired from the British Army with the rank of captain, yet his writing on the indirect approach and mechanised warfare shaped the thinking of generals in several countries, including the German panzer commanders. His biography by Brian Bond and many references to him use the description "the captain who teaches generals".Douhet and Mitchell were air-power advocates who held general's rank, and Mackinder was a geographer, not a soldier, so the description fits none of them.

Q: 'Das Kapital' written by Karl Marx and first time published in the year of ...... in Hamburg.

The first volume of Das Kapital was published in 1867.It was issued by Otto Meissner in Hamburg in September 1867 as Das Kapital: Kritik der politischen Oekonomie, Volume I. Volumes II (1885) and III (1894) were edited by Friedrich Engels from Marx's manuscripts after Marx died in 1883.1861, 1863 and 1865 fall in the years Marx was still drafting the work; his earlier A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy appeared in 1859.

Q: Who has written the book "The History of the Peloponnesian War" ?

The History of the Peloponnesian War was written by Thucydides.The Athenian general and historian recorded the war between Athens and Sparta (431-404 BCE), in which he served. The Melian Dialogue and his account of the war's cause, the growth of Athenian power and the fear it caused in Sparta, make him the founding figure of political realism.E.H. Carr (The Twenty Years' Crisis), Hans Morgenthau (Politics among Nations) and Machiavelli (The Prince) are later realist writers whom the history influenced, not its author.

Q: The theory of Lebensraum as tool of foreign policy is referred to :

Lebensraum means Living Space.The German geographer Friedrich Ratzel developed the concept around 1901, arguing that a growing state, like an organism, needs territory to expand. Karl Haushofer's school of Geopolitik turned it into a doctrine of foreign policy, and Hitler used it to justify expansion into Eastern Europe.The term is not a form of military or cultural diplomacy, and scientific temperament is an unrelated idea from India's Constitution (Article 51A).

Q: What are the three elements of deterrence ?

The key gives Certainty, Celerity and Severity.These are the three elements of deterrence in classical deterrence theory, going back to Beccaria and Bentham: punishment deters when it is certain to follow, follows swiftly (celerity) and is severe enough to outweigh the gain from the act.The other options mix in terms such as capabilities, commitment, command and structure, which belong to discussions of military capability rather than to this classical triad.

Q: Who among the following propounded "Mandala Theory" of interstate relations ?

The Mandala theory was propounded by Kautilya.In the Arthashastra, Kautilya describes the mandala, a circle of states around the would-be conqueror (vijigishu): the immediate neighbour is the natural enemy, the neighbour's neighbour the natural ally, and so on in concentric circles, with middle and neutral kings beyond. It is an early theory of the balance of power.Shukracharya is associated with the Shukraniti, Vishwamitra is a Vedic sage, and V.P. Singh was a modern Prime Minister.

Q: Match the Military Thinkers with their related field of war doctrines on the basis of the following List I and List II :List IList II(a) Sun Tzu(i) Mass Army(b) Kautilya(ii) Military Power(c) Machiavelli(iii) Mandala Theory(d) Jomini(iv) The Art of War

The correct matching is a-iv, b-iii, c-ii, d-i.Two pairs settle it. Sun Tzu wrote The Art of War (iv), and Kautilya propounded the Mandala theory (iii). Only one option contains both.In that option, Machiavelli goes with military power (ii), reflecting his view that the state rests on good arms and its own citizen army, and Jomini with the mass army (i) of the Napoleonic wars he analysed. Every other option sends Sun Tzu or Kautilya to the wrong item.

51.

Who said, "Spies are the most important element in war because on them depends an army's ability to move ?"

A.Kautilya
B.Jomini
C.Sun Tzu
D.J.F.C. Fuller

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: C

The words are Sun Tzu's.

The closing chapter of The Art of War, on the use of spies, ends with the observation that spies are a most important element in war, because on them depends an army's ability to move. The chapter divides spies into five kinds (local, inward, converted, doomed and surviving) and argues that foreknowledge must be obtained from men, not from spirits or calculation.

Kautilya also valued espionage in the Arthashastra, but the quoted sentence is not his; Jomini and Fuller wrote on strategy and mechanised war, not this line.

Discuss in Forum

52.

Match the strategic thinkers with their respective area of war doctrines on the basis of the following List I and List II :

List I	List II
(a) Clausewitz	(i) Air Power
(b) Douhet	(ii) Mechanised Warfare
(c) Marx	(iii) War as an instrument of Policy
(d) Fuller	(iv) Social Revolution

A.a-i, b-ii, c-iii, d-iv
B.a-iv, b-iii, c-ii, d-i
C.a-i, b-iii, c-ii, d-iv
D.a-iii, b-i, c-iv, d-ii

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: D

The correct matching is a-iii, b-i, c-iv, d-ii.

Clausewitz: war as an instrument of policy, the continuation of politics by other means.
Giulio Douhet: air power, in The Command of the Air (1921).
Karl Marx: war tied to class struggle and social revolution.
J.F.C. Fuller: mechanised warfare, the British prophet of the tank.

Options A and C give Clausewitz air power, which belongs to Douhet, and option B gives him social revolution, which is Marx's theme, so only D is consistent.

Discuss in Forum

53.

J.F.C. Fuller was called by his nick name of ...........

A.Boney
B.Coney
C.Loney
D.Toney

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: A

J.F.C. Fuller was nicknamed Boney.

Major-General John Frederick Charles Fuller, the British theorist of armoured warfare and chief of staff of the Tank Corps in the First World War, was known as "Boney". The name is usually explained by his admiration for Napoleon Bonaparte, his slight build and his assertive manner, which reminded fellow officers of the emperor.

Coney, Loney and Toney are rhyming distractors and are not recorded as his nicknames.

Discuss in Forum

54.

'A captain who taught the Generals' is associated with whom ?

A.Douhet
B.Liddell Hart
C.Mitchell
D.Mackinder

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: B

The phrase belongs to Liddell Hart.

Captain B.H. Liddell Hart retired from the British Army with the rank of captain, yet his writing on the indirect approach and mechanised warfare shaped the thinking of generals in several countries, including the German panzer commanders. His biography by Brian Bond and many references to him use the description "the captain who teaches generals".

Douhet and Mitchell were air-power advocates who held general's rank, and Mackinder was a geographer, not a soldier, so the description fits none of them.

Discuss in Forum

55.

'Das Kapital' written by Karl Marx and first time published in the year of ...... in Hamburg.

A.1861
B.1863
C.1865
D.1867

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: D

The first volume of Das Kapital was published in 1867.

It was issued by Otto Meissner in Hamburg in September 1867 as Das Kapital: Kritik der politischen Oekonomie, Volume I. Volumes II (1885) and III (1894) were edited by Friedrich Engels from Marx's manuscripts after Marx died in 1883.

1861, 1863 and 1865 fall in the years Marx was still drafting the work; his earlier A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy appeared in 1859.

Discuss in Forum

56.

Who has written the book "The History of the Peloponnesian War" ?

A.E.H. Carr
B.Thucydides
C.Hans J. Morgenthau
D.Machiavelli

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: B

The History of the Peloponnesian War was written by Thucydides.

The Athenian general and historian recorded the war between Athens and Sparta (431-404 BCE), in which he served. The Melian Dialogue and his account of the war's cause, the growth of Athenian power and the fear it caused in Sparta, make him the founding figure of political realism.

E.H. Carr (The Twenty Years' Crisis), Hans Morgenthau (Politics among Nations) and Machiavelli (The Prince) are later realist writers whom the history influenced, not its author.

Discuss in Forum

57.

The theory of Lebensraum as tool of foreign policy is referred to :

A.Military Diplomacy
B.Living Space
C.Scientific Temperament
D.Cultural Diplomacy

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: B

Lebensraum means Living Space.

The German geographer Friedrich Ratzel developed the concept around 1901, arguing that a growing state, like an organism, needs territory to expand. Karl Haushofer's school of Geopolitik turned it into a doctrine of foreign policy, and Hitler used it to justify expansion into Eastern Europe.

The term is not a form of military or cultural diplomacy, and scientific temperament is an unrelated idea from India's Constitution (Article 51A).

Discuss in Forum

58.

What are the three elements of deterrence ?

A.Capabilities, Celerity and Severity
B.Certainty, Celerity and Severity
C.Certainty, Celerity and Commitment
D.Capabilities, Command and Structure

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: B

The key gives Certainty, Celerity and Severity.

These are the three elements of deterrence in classical deterrence theory, going back to Beccaria and Bentham: punishment deters when it is certain to follow, follows swiftly (celerity) and is severe enough to outweigh the gain from the act.

The other options mix in terms such as capabilities, commitment, command and structure, which belong to discussions of military capability rather than to this classical triad.

Discuss in Forum

59.

Who among the following propounded "Mandala Theory" of interstate relations ?

A.Shukracharya
B.V. P. Singh
C.Kautilya
D.Vishwamitra

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: C

The Mandala theory was propounded by Kautilya.

In the Arthashastra, Kautilya describes the mandala, a circle of states around the would-be conqueror (vijigishu): the immediate neighbour is the natural enemy, the neighbour's neighbour the natural ally, and so on in concentric circles, with middle and neutral kings beyond. It is an early theory of the balance of power.

Shukracharya is associated with the Shukraniti, Vishwamitra is a Vedic sage, and V.P. Singh was a modern Prime Minister.

Discuss in Forum

60.

Match the Military Thinkers with their related field of war doctrines on the basis of the following List I and List II :

List I	List II
(a) Sun Tzu	(i) Mass Army
(b) Kautilya	(ii) Military Power
(c) Machiavelli	(iii) Mandala Theory
(d) Jomini	(iv) The Art of War

A.a-i, b-ii, c-iii, d-iv
B.a-iv, b-iii, c-ii, d-i
C.a-ii, b-i, c-iii, d-iv
D.a-iii, b-iv, c-i, d-ii

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: B

The correct matching is a-iv, b-iii, c-ii, d-i.

Two pairs settle it. Sun Tzu wrote The Art of War (iv), and Kautilya propounded the Mandala theory (iii). Only one option contains both.

In that option, Machiavelli goes with military power (ii), reflecting his view that the state rests on good arms and its own citizen army, and Jomini with the mass army (i) of the Napoleonic wars he analysed. Every other option sends Sun Tzu or Kautilya to the wrong item.

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