Conflict Resolution Questions and Answers

Q: UNFICYP was a peace-keeping force was created for which country ?

UNFICYP was created for Cyprus.The United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus was established by Security Council Resolution 186 in March 1964 to prevent fighting between the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot communities. After the Turkish intervention of 1974 it took over the supervision of the buffer zone (the Green Line) that divides the island, and it is still deployed there.Greece and Turkey are the two outside powers with a stake in the Cyprus dispute, which is why they appear as distractors, but the force was created for and is stationed in Cyprus, not in either of them.

Q: UNIKOM was established to monitor the demilitarised territory of which two countries ?

UNIKOM monitored the zone between Iraq and Kuwait.The United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission was set up by Security Council Resolution 689 in April 1991, after the Gulf War that expelled Iraq from Kuwait. It monitored a demilitarised zone along the border between the two countries and ran until 2003.The Iran-Iraq ceasefire of 1988 was observed by a different mission, UNIIMOG. Pakistan and Afghanistan had no such force, and the India-Pakistan mission is UNMOGIP, so the other pairs do not fit the name.

Q: Which one of the following members are composed in the International Court of Justice ?

The International Court of Justice has 15 members.The ICJ, the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, sits at The Hague and is composed of 15 judges elected for nine-year terms by the General Assembly and the Security Council voting separately. No two judges may be nationals of the same state, and a third of the bench is elected every three years.20, 35 and 50 do not match the Statute of the Court, which fixes the bench at 15.

Q: In 1978, Camp David Accords were signed between ............ and ........... .

The Camp David Accords were signed between Egypt and Israel.President Anwar Sadat of Egypt and Prime Minister Menachem Begin of Israel negotiated the accords at Camp David, the US presidential retreat, with President Jimmy Carter as mediator, and signed them in September 1978. They led to the Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty of 1979, the return of Sinai to Egypt, and the 1978 Nobel Peace Prize for Sadat and Begin.The United States was the mediator, not a party facing the Soviet Union. Syria never joined, and Jordan's peace treaty with Israel came only in 1994.

Q: United Nations 'United for Peace' Resolution was adopted in the background of which international crisis ?

The resolution was adopted against the background of the Korean War.The Uniting for Peace resolution (Resolution 377 A, printed 'United for Peace') was passed by the General Assembly in November 1950. The Soviet Union had returned to the Security Council and was using its veto to block action over Korea, so the resolution allowed the General Assembly to recommend collective measures when the Council failed to act because of a veto.The Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) and the India-China War (1962) came much later. The resolution was later used during the Suez crisis of 1956, but the crisis that produced it was Korea.

Q: Which of the following is not an element of conflict prevention technique ?

The element that is not a conflict prevention technique is Tribunal.Conflict prevention aims to stop disputes from turning violent. Its tools include mediation by a third party who helps the sides reach agreement, good offices, in which a third party brings the parties into contact, and confidence-building measures (CBMs) such as hotlines, notification of exercises and verification that reduce mistrust.A tribunal is a judicial body that adjudicates a dispute or tries offences after the event, as in war crimes tribunals; it belongs to legal settlement and justice rather than prevention.

11.

UNFICYP was a peace-keeping force was created for which country ?

A.Cyprus
B.Greek
C.Turkey
D.None of above

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: A

UNFICYP was created for Cyprus.

The United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus was established by Security Council Resolution 186 in March 1964 to prevent fighting between the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot communities. After the Turkish intervention of 1974 it took over the supervision of the buffer zone (the Green Line) that divides the island, and it is still deployed there.

Greece and Turkey are the two outside powers with a stake in the Cyprus dispute, which is why they appear as distractors, but the force was created for and is stationed in Cyprus, not in either of them.

Discuss in Forum

12.

UNIKOM was established to monitor the demilitarised territory of which two countries ?

A.Iraq-Kuwait
B.Iraq-Iran
C.Pakistan-Afghanistan
D.India-Pakistan

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: A

UNIKOM monitored the zone between Iraq and Kuwait.

The United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission was set up by Security Council Resolution 689 in April 1991, after the Gulf War that expelled Iraq from Kuwait. It monitored a demilitarised zone along the border between the two countries and ran until 2003.

The Iran-Iraq ceasefire of 1988 was observed by a different mission, UNIIMOG. Pakistan and Afghanistan had no such force, and the India-Pakistan mission is UNMOGIP, so the other pairs do not fit the name.

Discuss in Forum

13.

Which one of the following members are composed in the International Court of Justice ?

A.15 members
B.20 members
C.35 members
D.50 members

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, MH SET - 2021, SET Exam - 2019, SET Exam - 2021,

Answer: A

The International Court of Justice has 15 members.

The ICJ, the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, sits at The Hague and is composed of 15 judges elected for nine-year terms by the General Assembly and the Security Council voting separately. No two judges may be nationals of the same state, and a third of the bench is elected every three years.

20, 35 and 50 do not match the Statute of the Court, which fixes the bench at 15.

Discuss in Forum

14.

In 1978, Camp David Accords were signed between ............ and ........... .

A.America and Soviet Union
B.Egypt and Israel
C.Syria and Israel
D.Egypt and Jordan

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, MH SET - 2021, SET Exam - 2019, SET Exam - 2021,

Answer: B

The Camp David Accords were signed between Egypt and Israel.

President Anwar Sadat of Egypt and Prime Minister Menachem Begin of Israel negotiated the accords at Camp David, the US presidential retreat, with President Jimmy Carter as mediator, and signed them in September 1978. They led to the Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty of 1979, the return of Sinai to Egypt, and the 1978 Nobel Peace Prize for Sadat and Begin.

The United States was the mediator, not a party facing the Soviet Union. Syria never joined, and Jordan's peace treaty with Israel came only in 1994.

Discuss in Forum

15.

United Nations 'United for Peace' Resolution was adopted in the background of which international crisis ?

A.India-China War
B.Korean War
C.Cuban Missile Crisis
D.Arab-Israel War

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: B

The resolution was adopted against the background of the Korean War.

The Uniting for Peace resolution (Resolution 377 A, printed 'United for Peace') was passed by the General Assembly in November 1950. The Soviet Union had returned to the Security Council and was using its veto to block action over Korea, so the resolution allowed the General Assembly to recommend collective measures when the Council failed to act because of a veto.

The Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) and the India-China War (1962) came much later. The resolution was later used during the Suez crisis of 1956, but the crisis that produced it was Korea.

Discuss in Forum

16.

(1) National Governments frequently bypass the mission command structure and issue instructions directly to their forces in the field.
(2) The Governments of troop contributing countries are reluctant to let the UN do as it will with their troops.

Codes :

A.(1) and (2) are correct and (2) is the rationale for (1)
B.(1) and (2) are incorrect and (1) is not the reason for (2)
C.(1) and (2) are correct and (2) is not the rationale for (1)
D.(1) and (2) are incorrect and (1) is the rationale for (2)

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: A

Both statements are correct and (2) explains (1), so the answer is (1) and (2) are correct and (2) is the rationale for (1).

A UN peace operation is commanded by a UN force commander, but the troops remain part of their national armies. Governments of troop-contributing countries are reluctant to let the UN dispose of their soldiers as it will, especially where they may face risk (2).

That reluctance is the reason national capitals often bypass the mission's chain of command and send instructions directly to their own contingents in the field (1), which weakens unity of command. Since both statements are true, the options calling them incorrect fail, and saying (2) is not the rationale misses the causal link.

Discuss in Forum

17.

(1) Russia and China obstructed UNSC Resolutions on peace operations in Haiti.
(2) Russia wanted UN endorsement of its own intervention in Georgia in 1994, while China was seeking an apology from Haiti for inviting Taiwan's Vice-President to the inauguration of Haiti's new President in 1996.

Codes :

A.(1) and (2) are correct and (2) is the explanation of (1)
B.(1) and (2) are correct and (2) is not the explanation of (1)
C.(1) and (2) are incorrect and (1) is not the explanation of (2)
D.(1) and (2) are incorrect and (1) is not related to (2)

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: A

Both statements are correct and (2) explains (1), so the answer is (1) and (2) are correct and (2) is the explanation of (1).

In the 1990s Russia and China each held up Security Council action on Haiti (1). In 1994 Russia delayed the resolution authorising intervention in Haiti until it obtained UN endorsement for its own peacekeeping intervention in Georgia; China, in 1996, held up the renewal of the UN mission in Haiti because Haiti had invited Taiwan's Vice-President to the inauguration of its new President (2).

Statement (2) gives the reasons for the obstruction in (1), so it explains it. The options calling the statements incorrect are wrong.

Discuss in Forum

18.

(1) The United States and its European allies had completely different perceptions of the Bosnian conflict.
(2) The European powers saw an ethnic conflict and US saw it as a war started by Serbia.

Codes :

A.(1) and (2) are correct but (2) is not the reason for (1)
B.(1) and (2) are correct and (2) is the reason for (1)
C.(1) and (2) are not correct and (1) is not the reason for (2)
D.(1) and (2) are not correct and (1) is the reason for (2)

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: B

Both statements are correct and (2) explains (1), so the answer is (1) and (2) are correct and (2) is the reason for (1).

During the war in Bosnia (1992-95), the United States and its European allies disagreed sharply over what to do (1). The European powers, whose troops served in the UN force on the ground, tended to see an ethnic civil war with fault on all sides, to be contained and settled by negotiation; the United States saw a war of aggression started by Serbia, which called for lifting the arms embargo on the Bosnian government and striking the Serbs (2).

The different readings of the war explain the different perceptions of it, so (2) is the reason for (1).

Discuss in Forum

19.

Which of the following is not an element of conflict prevention technique ?

A.Tribunal
B.Mediation
C.Good offices
D.CBMs

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013, MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: A

The element that is not a conflict prevention technique is Tribunal.

Conflict prevention aims to stop disputes from turning violent. Its tools include mediation by a third party who helps the sides reach agreement, good offices, in which a third party brings the parties into contact, and confidence-building measures (CBMs) such as hotlines, notification of exercises and verification that reduce mistrust.

A tribunal is a judicial body that adjudicates a dispute or tries offences after the event, as in war crimes tribunals; it belongs to legal settlement and justice rather than prevention.

Discuss in Forum

20.

(1) Unity of Command is less assured in peace operations.
(2) Peace forces are often drawn from a wider variety of troop contributing states than in normal coalition warfare.

Codes :

A.(1) and (2) are correct and (2) is the rationale for (1)
B.(1) and (2) are correct and (1) is the rationale for (2)
C.(1) and (2) are incorrect and (1) is the rationale for (2)
D.(1) and (2) are incorrect and (2) is the rationale for (1)

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: A

Both statements are correct and (2) explains (1), so the answer is (1) and (2) are correct and (2) is the rationale for (1).

Unity of command, one commander directing all forces towards one aim, is harder to achieve in UN peace operations than in a national army or even a normal military coalition (1).

The reason is that peace forces are usually drawn from many more troop-contributing countries, each with its own language, doctrine, equipment and government watching over its contingent, than an ordinary coalition of a few allies (2). So (2) is the rationale for (1), not the other way round, and the options calling the statements incorrect are wrong.

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